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January 2013 - present
Publications
Publications (171)
In this article, we critically examine Sembrando
Vida—a Mexican social and economic development programme
that pays individual farmers a subsidy to plant trees on their
land—through the lens of a new instrument in the landscape of
international human rights law (IHRL): the United Nations
Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Workin...
In the face of the devastating implementation of corporative agri-food systems, processes of re-territorialization driven by agroecology, such as peasant resistance, become particularly relevant. In this article, we examine the history of the organization La Alianza (The Alliance) in Lara, Venezuela from 1975 to 2020, as narrated by its members, an...
La Milpa Intercalada con Árboles Frutales (MIAF), resultado de un proceso interdisciplinario, tiene como base, la milpa tradicional de unidades pequeñas de producción en condiciones de ladera y temporal. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de enero 2005 a febrero 2021, del material de libre acceso en el internet sobre la MIAF y con base en esto,...
[ES] Agroecología y La Vía Campesina II. Las escuelas campesinas de agroecología y la formación de un sujeto sociohistórico y político. DOI: 10.5380/dma.v58i0.81357 ---
La masificación o escalamiento de la agroecología campesina y la construcción de la soberanía alimentaria requieren transformaciones profundas, que solo un sujeto político colectiv...
An important question in agroecology is that of social process methodology to achieve scaling. Despite the great achievements of the Campesino a Campesino (CaC) (peasant to peasant) methodology to multiply agroecological practices among the peasantry, many experiences continue to use the technical assistance conventional extension model, which cons...
Hay un consenso generalizado sobre la necesidad del escalonamiento agroecológico como alternativa a la crisis generada por la insostenibilidad del modelo de agricultura industrial y más aún en el contexto actual de pandemia sanitaria. Sin embargo, transicionar de la producción convencional a la agroecológica es un desafío teórico, metodológico y pr...
Uno de los principales retos que enfrenta la agroecología es el lograr que la propuesta que representa llegue a cada vez más personas en un territorio determinado; a ello se le nombra escalamiento o masificación. En este capítulo se presentan experiencias prácticas y teóricas de México y otras partes del mundo que analizan cómo lograr la masificaci...
Social movements are using education to generate critical consciousness regarding the social and environmental unsustainability of the current food system, and advocate for agroecological production. In this article, we explore results from a cross-case analysis of six social movements that are using education as a strategy to advance food sovereig...
We examine how the policies of governments and the projects of international agencies and many NGOs strip agroecology of its emancipatory potential. Adhering to the conventional logic of development, they reinforce or create dependencies, individualize communities, convert use values into exchange values, incorporate peoples into hierarchical struc...
We present a simple simulation model whose purpose is to explore qualitatively and heuristically the effects that agrochemical subsidies could have on the type of decisions farmers make about their plots (keeping other variables fixed). We use elements of Chayanovian thinking and ecological complexity as a basis, considering that this decision is m...
Luego del levantamiento zapatista el primero de enero de 1994, muchxs intentaron desacreditarlo calificándolo como un levantamiento contra el progreso, la modernidad, el futuro. Se les acusó de ingenuidad, ignorancia, utopismo naivë y hasta de ser un movimiento “Polpotiano” arcaico y sectario. Hoy, a más de 25 años de ese ¡ya basta!, de aquel “aquí...
En este artículo hacemos una crítica a los ensayos de institucionalización de la agroecología, los cuales con-trastamos con los procesos sociales de los movimientos sociales. Argumentamos que la forma de trabajo de la agroecología popular es muy distinta a la lógica con la que se están diseñando políticas públicas, programas y proyectos por parte d...
En este ensayo abordamos la territorialización simbólica y material de la agroecología en La Vía Campesina (LVC) a través de procesos de campesina(o) a campesina(o) (PCaC) en sentido amplio. Los ejemplos de masifcación de la agroecología más signifcativos están claramente ligados a procesos organizativos y, desde nuestra perspectiva, el corazón de...
La masificación o escalamiento de la agroecología campesina y la construcción de la soberanía alimentaria requieren transformaciones profundas, que solo un sujeto político colectivo, crítico y consciente de sí mismo puede lograr. El movimiento campesino global La Vía Campesina (LVC), en su expresión en América Latina, la Coordinadora Latinoamerican...
La agroecología ha ganado impulso como movimiento trasformador en muchos países y ha crecido más allá de experiencias locales aisladas. La cantidad de familias y comunidades que procesan distribuyen y consumen alimentos que se produce de forma agroecológica va en aumento. Para entender el proceso no lineal y mul-tidimensional que ha facilitado la e...
Neste artigo abordamos o uso do inventário ou mapeamento de práticas agroecológicas, que faz parte da metodologia “de Camponês/a a Camponês/a" (CaC) para promover a territorialização da agroecologia camponesa, como método também para a descolonização epistêmica de um território. A chamada Revolução Verde envolveu a imposição de tecnologias e conhec...
Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre la defensa, conservación y recuperación de semillas con el escalamiento de la agroecología. Mediante un diseño de estudio de caso cualitativo se recabó información en dos organizaciones locales en Colombia: Custodios de Semillas de Riosucio (departamento de Caldas) y la Red Agroecológ...
This paper delineates the growth of Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) in India. From its origins as a peasant-led social movement in the state of Karnataka, to becoming institutionalized in a state program in Andhra Pradesh, ZBNF is attaining scale and reaching more and more peasant families. We look at some of the key factors that have triggered...
Northern Thailand is the center of a number of controversies surrounding changing cropping patterns, in particular related to deforestation driven by the expansion of maize monocropping by peasant farmers. Growing demand for maize by the global livestock industry has driven the conversion of land from forest and/or shifting cultivation to chemical-...
The objective of this initial conceptual essay is to question conventional approaches and propose a new reading – from the perspective of the peasant world – of the concept of resilience. There is a need for critical reflections on resilience that take into account the subjects of resilience, particularly in the case of peasant agriculture. We argu...
Resumen Objetivo: conocer la resiliencia campesina a choques externos y el papel que desempeñan las milpas de las familias que pertenecen a cooperativas de café en dos regiones de Chiapas, México. Metodología: estudio cualitativo con enfoque de análisis de contenido mediante recorridos, visitas y entrevistas a las familias de los socios, divididas...
In this essay we argue for the relevance and urgency of the debate on peasant and indigenous autonomy for rural social movements in Latin America. The pandemic of the new coronavirus-Covid-19-has revealed a series of weaknesses and strengths of peasant, indigenous and Afro-descendant organizations, weaknesses that could be addressed, and strengths...
O presente artigo apresenta a concepção, avanços, desafios e tensões que emergem da proposição de um modelo educativo-pedagógico para a agroecologia. Para tanto, apresentamos duas experiências educativas de microcontextos do México e do Brasil, articuladas por movimentos indígenas e camponeses: a Escola de Agricultura Ecológica U YITS KA´AN, em Man...
Latin America has long been a hot bed for social movement organization and innovation, and for dialogue among different types of knowledge (‘dialogo de saberes’). This has included dialog between academic knowledges framed by Western science, popular and ancestral peoples knowledges and wisdoms, and so-called critical thought from global and Latin...
En este artículo argumentamos la pertinencia y urgencia del debate sobre la autonomía campesina e indígena para los movimientos sociales del campo en
América Latina. La pandemia del nuevo coronavirus Covid-19 evidenció una serie de debilidades y fortalezas de las organizaciones campesinas, indígenas y
afrodescendientes, debilidades que podrían ser...
En este ensayo abordamos los procesos “de campesina a campesino” (PCaC) como dispositivo educativo y epistémico incluyente donde se articula una agroecología de saberes para la constitución del campesinado agroecológico y la agroecología campesina como proceso de resistencia y transformación desde la perspectiva de las organizaciones y movimientos...
Muchos más logros, cualitativos y cuantitati�vos se están gestando en Colombia y el mundo gracias a la agricultura familiar agroecológi�ca, es claro que el cambio no es inmediato, pero cada vez más y más personas se suman a las experiencias existentes o crean las propias.
Se están acopiando insatisfacciones que se transforman en cultivos de altern...
Latin America is known for social movement organization and innovation, and for dialog among different types of knowledge (‘dialogo de saberes’). This has included dialog between academic knowledges framed by Western science, popular and ancestral ‘peoples’ knowledges and wisdoms,’ and so-called critical thought from global and Latin American revol...
Objetivo:
Analizar al Maestro Pueblo como sujeto colectivo y su aporte en la construcción territorial de agroecologías, desde la experiencia cooperativa de La Alianza del estado Lara, Venezuela.
Metodología:
El análisis se asume desde el contexto histórico cultural y bajo el método de sistematización de experiencias.
Resultados:
Encontramos que e...
Este articulo tiene como objetivo, analizar la importancia de la espiritualidad y la identidad colectiva, en la propuesta de la (re)construcción comunitaria de la Escuela de Agricultura Ecológica U Yits Ka’an, localizada en el municipio de Maní, en el estado de Yucatán, México. Para esta investigación, se utilizó una metodología de corte cualitativ...
Social movements are using education to generate critical consciousness regarding the social and environmental unsustainability of the current food system, and advocate for agroecological production. In this article, we explore results from a cross-case analysis of six social movements that are using education as a strategy to advance food sovereig...
Analisa-se como observador-participante a evolução do pensamento do movimento
social camponês transnacional, a Via Campesina, nos últimos 25 anos, sobre os temas da reforma agrária e da defesa da terra e do território. As mudanças no mundo rural e na questão agrária, juntamente com os diálogos de saberes e as trocas de experiências no seio do movim...
La agroecología como movimiento trasformador ha ganado impulso en muchos países a nivel mundial. En varios casos, la implementación de prácticas agroecológicas ha crecido más allá de experiencias locales aisladas. La cantidad de familias y comunidades procesando, distribuyendo y consumiendo comida producida de forma agroecológica está creciendo. Co...
Scaling up of peasant agroecology and building food sovereignty require major transformations that only a self-aware, critical, collective political subject can achieve. The global peasant movement, La Via Campesina (LVC) in its expression in Latin America, the Coordinadora Latinoamericana de Organizaciones del Campo (CLOC), employs agroecology and...
This paper delineates the growth of Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF) in India. From its origins as a peasant-led social movement in the state of Karnataka, to becoming institutionalized in a state program in Andhra Pradesh, ZBNF is attaining scale and reaching more and more peasant families. We look at some of the key factors that have triggered...
In this essay, we look at the symbolic and material territorialization of agroecology in La Via Campesina (LVC) through peasant-to-peasant processes (PtPPs) in the broad sense. The most significant examples of the scaling up of agroecology are clearly tied to organizational processes and in our perspective, PtPPs are the motor of these changes. We...
El artículo presenta resultados de una investigación más amplia que analiza con las herramientas conceptuales y analíticas de la etnografía, y la historia oral, el encuentro aporte y divergencia entre diversas visiones y formas epistemológicas y materiales del mundo rural, representadas por la intervención de los proyectos de las agencias de desarr...
Although the possibility of achieving food sovereignty in urban environments is controversial, we believe that food sovereignty is attainable. In this work we propose a methodology for evaluating it, then test that proposal using San Cristóbal de Las Casas as a case study. For this purpose, we used a participatory methodology to construct a system...
By evaluating two grassroots organizations that belong to the Red de Semillas Libres de Colombia (RSLC; Free Seed Network of Colombia), we show how the recovery, conservation, and defense of native and creole seeds have two types of effects on agroecological scaling. The first is a horizontal or scaling out effect, given that these activities invol...
El cambio climático afecta directamente al sistema alimentario, reduciendo la disponibilidad de alimentos e incrementando la desigualdad del acceso a sectores desfavorecidos de la población. La resiliencia es la habilidad del sistema para absorber perturbaciones o la rapidez para recobrarse de disturbios climáticos y en una aplicación del término s...
Agroecology has played a key role in helping Cuba survive the acute crisis caused by the collapse of the socialist bloc in Europe in 1989-90 and the subsequent chronic crisis due the U.S. trade embargo, which have prevented economic normalization on the island ever since socialist trade relations were lost. Cuban peasants have been able to boost fo...
En este artículo se proponen ajustes para mejorar un método agroecológico participativo para fortalecer la resiliencia socioecológica de sistemas de producción campesina (Henao, 2013a,b, Henao et al. 2015). Se analiza una experiencia de validación del método y su ajuste, con base a sugerencias generadas a través de talleres participativos y entrevi...
Agroecology as a transformative movement has gained momentum in many countries worldwide. In several cases, the implementation of agroecological practices has grown beyond isolated, local experiences to be employed by ever-greater numbers of families and communities over ever-larger territories and to engage more people in the processing, distribut...
In cities throughout the world, people are taking steps to develop just, sustainable alternatives to the dominant food system. These initiatives pose questions which, to be answered, require new theoretical approaches. This study makes use of Marx's concepts of ‘social metabolism’ and ‘metabolic rift’, as well as Altvater's analysis of forms of cap...
El sector rural mexicano ha presentado transformaciones socioproductivas de impacto local que son enfrentadas mediante la adaptación de las estrategias de vida. Se analizaron mediante los enfoques sistémico, etnobiológico y de género, las estrategias de subsistencia de las familias de Amatenango del Valle, Chiapas; el papel que ocupan las mujeres e...
RESUMO: Somos testemunhas de uma feroz disputa territorial contemporânea entre diversas expressões do capital e de movimentos como a La Via Campesina (LVC) e a Coordinadora Latinoamericana de Organizaciones del Campo (CLOC). Nessa disputa, a agroecologia emerge como matriz produtiva e projeto político de enfrentamento do capital no campo, construíd...
This is a timely and excellent book by two world leaders of agroecological thought and practice. In this highly readable book, Peter Rosset and Miguel Altieri offer a clear analysis of the principles of agroecology and its potential to address major social, economic and environmental challenges of food and farming in the 21st century. Most notably,...
O Brasil tem sido emblemático no debate político da Educação do Campo, uma luta do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) e das organizações da Via Campesina Brasil, e que articula a reivindicação da democratização do acesso à educação para os povos do campo no marco das políticas públicas. Para o caso brasileiro, foram fundamentais as...
Agroecology is in fashion, and now constitutes a territory in dispute between social movements and institutionality. This new conjuncture offers a constellation of opportunities that social movements can avail themselves of to promote changes in the food system. Yet there is an enormous risk that agroecology will be co-opted, institutionalized, col...
Policies on firefighting within protected natural areas have shifted from a suppression approach to one of fire management, which has had consequences for the practices and perspectives of peasant populations. The study poses the question of how regulation, restriction and prohibition on the use and management of fire, whose objective is conservati...
We are witnessing a fierce contemporary territorial dispute between various expressions of capital and social movements such as La Via Campesina (LVC) and the Latin American Coordination of Rural Organizations (CLOC). In this dispute, agroecology emerges as a productive matrix and political project that confronts capital in the countryside, built f...
In the middle of the last century, there were two types of agronomic scientists in Mexico. One group perceived traditional agriculture as backward and in need of modernization with advanced technologies. The other group, engaged in intensive fieldwork, studied and found inspiration in peasant and indigenous systems. This latter group of researchers...
Across the globe, the countryside faces the " generation problem " : Who will grow food when the current generation of aging small farmers and peasants disappears? A combination of objective and subjective factors effectively discourages young people from assuming the continuity of peasant and family farming, especially in countries that have exper...
This paper analyzes how peasant movements scale up agroecology. It specifically examines Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF), a grassroots peasant agroecology movement in Karnataka, India. ZBNF ends reliance on purchased inputs and loans for farming, positioning itself as a solution to extreme indebtedness and suicides among Indian farmers. The ZBNF...
Para disputar o projeto territorial do capital no campo, temos que levar a Agroecologia
camponesa e popular a uma escala territorial, como parte de nosso projeto de reforma
agrária popular. Alcançar grande escala em Agroecologia, conseguir sua massificação
ou territorialização, significa que, em vez de ser praticada por poucas famílias, em um
terri...
RESUMO: Somos testemunhas de uma feroz disputa territorial contemporânea entre diversas expressões do capital e de movimentos como a La Via Campesina (LVC) e a Coordinadora Latinoamericana de Organizaciones del Campo (CLOC). Nessa disputa, a agroecologia emerge como matriz produtiva e projeto político de enfrentamento do capital no campo, construíd...
Opinión Yo estoy habilitado para votar en dos países, ya que ostento doble nacionalidad. Pero son décadas ya que no voto en ninguno de los dos. ¿Por qué no voto? La versión corta: votar en este sistema podrido de partidos políticos electoreros y politiqueros, no cambia las cosas de fondo que se tienen que cambiar. Pero ahora, sí, me siento con insp...
The Spanish word formación can be translated as ‘training’ or ‘education’, but Latin American social movements use it as inspired by Che Guevara’s notion of ‘molding’ the values of the new woman and new man for egalitarian, cooperative social relations in the construction of a ‘new society’. This contribution presents findings on the dialectical li...
S in la transformación agroeco-lógica por la cual ha pasado el campesino cubano, gracias a la ANAP, gracias a la metodología del movimiento " de campesino a campesi-no " , tal vez no existiría hoy en día la Revolución Cubana. Cuando se colapsaron las relaciones económicas con el extinto bloque so-cialista, Cuba entró en una profunda crisis económic...
Resumen La agroecología está de moda. Es un acontecimiento nuevo con el cual ha aparecido una constelación de oportunidades que pueden aprovechar los movimientos sociales para avanzar en la transformación del sistema alimentario. Sin embargo, también ha emergido el riesgo de que sea cooptada, institucionalizada y despojada de su contenido político....
El artículo analiza el fenómeno de la agroecología en el contexto actual de disputa por los territorios rurales entre el agronegocio, y otros acaparadores de tierras, y el campesinado organizado y sus aliados. Usando los conceptos de soberanía alimentaria, territorios material e inmaterial en disputa y recampesinización, se explica el mayor énfasis...
El movimiento social campesino transnacional. La Vía Campesina ha sido sostenido y moldeado por un diálogo de saberes entre distintos conocimientos y maneras de conocer que tiene lugar entre las distintas culturas e identidades rurales de sus miembros, en el contexto de una confrontación cada vez más politizada con la realidad neoliberal y el agron...
In this chapter we focus on food sovereignty and agroecology, in the transnational peasant social movement La Via Campesina, as issues which help us analyze mechanisms of internal convergence in rural social movements. We examine such convergence through the building of collective processes, and in the construction of mobilizing frames for collecti...
The transnational rural social movement La Vía Campesina has been critically sustained and shaped by the encounter and Diálogo de saberes (dialog among different knowledges and ways of knowing) between different rural cultures (East, West, North and South; peasant, indigenous, farmer, pastoralist and rural proletarian, etc.) that takes place within...
Forgée dans le processus de « dialogue des savoirs » en cours au sein de l’internationale paysanne, la notion d’agroécologie promue par la Via Campesina est bien plus qu’une adaptation écologique des pratiques productives. Axe majeur de la souveraineté alimentaire, elle contribue à la réappropriation des territoires matériels et immatériels conquis...
Among the many sectors currently engaged in struggle against the corporate food system, small farmers play a particularly important role—not only do they constitute a legitimate alternative to global agribusiness, but also they are the heirs to long traditions of local knowledge and practice. In defending peasant agriculture, rural social movements...
This detailed analysis of the global food system looks at the way food is produced, distributed, and consumed in an effort to create a more equitable and healthful system worldwide.
With large-scale famine afflicting regions around the globe and overconsumption and unhealthy eating habits destroying others, many are beginning to wonder if access to...
Rural social movements have in recent years adopted agroecology and diversified farming systems as part of their discourse and practice. Here, we situate this phenomenon in the evolving context of rural spaces that are increasingly disputed between agribusiness, together with other corporate land-grabbers, and peasants and their organizations and m...
Simply giving people food is not enough to prevent famine, says Peter
Rosset. Instead, we need to overhaul the policies that have upended the
food supply.
In the contemporary world we face a systemic crisis where multiple dimensions converge, including an economic crisis, a financial crisis, a climate crisis, an energy crisis, a food crisis, and runaway land grabbing. Peter Rosset argues for a paradigm shift toward food sovereignty based on genuine agrarian reform and sustainable peasant agriculture,...
Agroecology has played a key role in helping Cuba survive the crisis caused by the collapse of the socialist bloc in Europe and the tightening of the US trade embargo. Cuban peasants have been able to boost food production without scarce and expensive imported agricultural chemicals by first substituting more ecological inputs for the no longer ava...
Participatory democracy has been studied as an auxiliary to state processes and as an institutional and cultural part of social movements. Studies of the use of participatory democracy by the Zapatistas of Mexico and the Movimento Sem Terra (Landless Movement—MST) of Brazil show a shared concern with autonomy, in particular avoidance of demobilizat...