Peter Nijkamp

Tinbergen Institute Amsterdam

In the field of development and spatial-economic literature, urbanization is considered a significant factor that brings about positive changes, stimulating welfare and economic advancement. However, there is a growing body of research that challenges this perspective, questioning the idea that urbanization leads to growth. Consequently, a number o...

Sustainability is a process that characterizes in a broad sense a nation’s ecological performance and may display a time-varying pattern. Such dynamic trajectories may vary among different countries and prompt not only intriguing questions on space–time convergence but also on the possibility of club convergence. The scope of this study is to inves...

THe idea that all people and places had to get the same level of Sustainable Development Goals indicators is strange because if places are different and people have similar needs, similar people should prefer different goals in different places. The chapter uses a Q analysis to perceive the preferences of people accross different cities in Europe a...

Following up on a two decades-long debate on Smart Cities, this article provides quantitative evidence regarding the impact on urban economic outcomes of the adoption of Smart City strategies in planning and managing modern cities. In order to achieve this aim, a meta-analysis of quantitative and modeling studies is presented as a systematic synthe...

The cultural-demographic profile of Europe has been heavily influenced by migration dynamics over the past decades. The question is whether language diversity in a host country – in particular, language proficiency and foreign language use at work – has implications for the workers’ wages. Our study examines the heterogeneous impacts of foreign lan...

"This paper seeks to map out the knowledge re quirements and infrastructure needed for a com prehensive and quantitative analysis of the societal and geographical dimensions of effective policies regarding COVID-19 (‘coronametrics’ or ‘pandemet rics’). After a sketch of limitations and challenges in corona research, a multi-layer mind map is design...

Purpose Empirical studies regarding the impact of the real exchange rate (RER) on economic growth are extensively available. However, the literature as a whole appears to report varying results, while the causes of such differences have not been analyzed systematically. The present study aims to fill the gap in the literature. Design/methodology/a...

This study aims to shed new empirical light on the importance of the wage curve in a developing economy. The main contribution to the empirical literature is related to the analysis being conducted at different regional levels of a developing economy. This indicates that municipal‐level data seems to be more adequate for wage curve evaluation, and...

Why are certain labour markets more resilient to economic shocks? Why are some economies deeply affected by migration? Modern migration theory remains based on simplistic neo-classical utility maximizing assumptions, despite a failure to fully answer real-world migration questions. The aim of this paper is to show that neo-classical dynamics are di...

We provide a theoretical framework to analyze how climate change influences the Ganges and how this influence affects pollution in the river caused by tanneries in Kanpur, India. We focus on two tanneries, and , that are situated on the same bank of the Ganges in Kanpur. Both produce leather and leather production requires the use of noxious chemic...

Jan Tinbergen is generally seen as one of the greatest economists from the second part of the last century. With a background in physics, he was able to introduce a wide variety of quantitative modeling techniques in economic research. In this chapter, Peter Nijkamp describes how Tinbergen’s interest in human and social inequity problems led him al...

The aim of this study is to provide a new quantitative perspective on the geography of well-being using an urban–rural typology and characteristic city size elements in order to detect where people are happier and to examine the determinants of well-being by considering spatial dependence effects. We use 81 NUTS 3 regions and the time period 2012–2...

An abundant literature in spatial planning, economic geography and regional science has focused on territorial attractiveness. However, most literature does not sufficiently integrate recent research challenges induced by sustainable development. The latter issue is likely to modify profoundly the locational determinants of economic activities and...

The knowledge spillover effects and the uneven spatial distribution of the creative class have attracted much attention from academia and politicians. Our study provides a comparative quantitative analysis of the spatial–temporal evolution and determinants of creative class concentration in three Chinese agglomerations: Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, the Y...

p>Socio-economic growth and urban change have been an increasing concern for decision makers in recent decades. The monitoring, mapping and analysis of agricultural land-use change, especially in areas where urban change has been high, is crucial. The collision between traditional economic activities related to agriculture in tourist areas such as...

Outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) from emerging economies in the hospitality industry, the hotel sector in particular, has drastically increased in recent years. Based on Dunning's eclectic paradigm/Ownership-Location-Internalization (OLI) theory and the Investment Development Path (IDP) theory, the OFDI in the hotel sector was assessed from...

This modest essay provides retrospectively a ‘helicopter’ perspective on economic development in Poland. It aims to position the socioeconomic performance outcomes of Poland over the past decades in the general context of economic planning. It seeks its methodological orientation in resilience theory and economic policy analysis. It argues that ter...

In a globalized world cities are increasingly confronted with global shocks. In this context cities need to adopt strategies to increase their economic performance and resilience. One strategy that has become increasingly popular is represented by policies designed to attract the creative class, which are arguably an improvement compared to more tr...

This paper addresses the multifaceted relationships between culture and urban performance. It seeks to identify and examine evidence-based characteristics of urban success (or socio-economic performance) that are related to the cultural profile (‘urban cultural value’) of a city. Also, the broader socio-economic context and significance of ‘urban c...

This study examines the COVID-19 vulnerability and subsequent market dynamics in the volatile hospitality market worldwide, by focusing in particular on individual Airbnb bookings-data for six world-cities in various continents over the period January 2020–August 2021. This research was done by: (i) looking into factual survival rates of Airbnb acc...

This study offers a literature review and bibliometric analysis aiming to enhance our understanding of the actual contribution of resilience approaches to spatial and territorial development and planning studies. Using citation link-based clustering and statistical text-mining techniques (in terms of prevalence of topics, over time, extraction of r...

The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of health on economic growth based on 719 estimates obtained from 64 studies from all over the world. We find evidence of a publication bias towards a positive estimated effect of health on economic growth. After accounting for heterogeneity of the estimates, we show that health has a genuin...

The threats of the coronavirus have shifted the workplace of many people from office to home and also made e-commerce the primary medium for purchases. While these changes were made in an effort to mitigate contagion, there are no studies, to the best of our knowledge, that address if teleworking and e-commerce culture prior to the pandemic influen...

This paper analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on mass tourism concentrations, such as Las Vegas. It argues that health risks and perceptions may induce a more deconcentrated pattern of mass tourism, with more geographical dispersion to rural and natural areas. The analytical framework is modeled and applied to extensive data on Las Vegas tourism. The...

This study applied a threshold panel data model to test the nonlinear impacts of tourism development and the potential moderating effect of tourism density on urban livability, using observations of 35 large and medium-size cities in China from 2002 to 2016. Findings revealed that the total effect of tourism development on urban liv-ability first i...

Since the outbreak of the corona virus in the end of 2019, many worldwide attempts have been made to monitor and control the COVID-19 pandemic. A wealth of empirical data has been collected and used by national health authorities to understand and mitigate the spread and impacts of the corona virus. In various countries this serious health concern...

The present study aims to test relative welfare differences among regions in Europe, so as to examine whether the post-communist era has led to more socio-economic cohesion in Europe. The performance of European regions is analysed, compared, and assessed by using the Regional Competitiveness Index (RCI) and stylised fixed nominal categories. The c...

Cities in the 21st century are magnets for people and business [...]

The European Atlas of Resilience is one of the main results of ReGrowEU project, supported by a grant financed by the Ministry of Research and Innovation of Romania. Designed in a methodologically flexible manner, the atlas aims at delivering a unique multi-dimensional, multi-shock and multi-level diagnosis of national and regional resilience for t...

Modern cities are not only magnets of economic growth and prosperity, but also suppliers of cultural resources, both in a tangible or physical sense and also in a spiritual, political or historical sense. In the context of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) strategies for cities, a sustainable and inclusive development of cities necessitate...

Destination attractiveness research has become an important research domain in leisure and tourism economics. But the mobility behaviour of visitors in relation to local public transport access in tourist places is not yet well understood. The present paper seeks to fill this research gap by studying the attractiveness profile of 25 major tourist d...

Migration has far-reaching implications for regional-economic growth and spatial disparities. This paper explores the role played by migration in spatial-economic development in Romania, a country that is facing large and persistent regional disparities. We develop a spatial-econometric model for studying the impact of migration movements in Romani...

This paper examines the long‐run trends in per‐capita income across the US states (1995‐2018). Contrary to the majority of the literature on income convergence, which uses pre‐tax income as the variable of reference, we focus on per‐capita disposable household income. This enables us to better identify any convergence pattern. We apply the Phillips...

p>Socio-economic growth and urban change have been an increasing concern for decision makers in recent decades. The monitoring, mapping and analysis of agricultural land-use change, especially in areas where urban change has been high, is crucial. The collision between traditional economic activities related to agriculture in tourist areas such as...

p>Socio-economic growth and urban change have been an increasing concern for decision makers in recent decades. The monitoring, mapping and analysis of agricultural land-use change, especially in areas where urban change has been high, is crucial. The collision between traditional economic activities related to agriculture in tourist areas such as...

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the spatial mobility of a major part of the population in many countries. For most people, this was an extremely disruptive shock, resulting in loss of income, social contact and quality of life. However, forced to reduce human physical interaction, most businesses, individuals and households developed...

Cross-border migration is a phenomenon of all times, because people seek to improve their economic fortune—and that of their relatives or community—through labour mobility. There is an extant literature on the backgrounds and rationality of migration decisions. Research has extensively addressed both the specific and the wider impacts of a migratio...

Cities in the ‘New Urban World’ display an enormous diversity in appearance, growth and performance. The awareness is growing that the urban development potential (‘magnetism’) of cities is closely related to safety and security conditions in these cities. This paper develops a new analytical framework based on a wealth of empirical data on both sa...

The European space-economy represents a complex system with a great internal heterogeneity, intensive socioeconomic interactions and differential growth trajectories among countries and regions. The present study aims to investigate the connectivity between spatial competitiveness and resilience in Europe and seeks to design an operational framewor...

A lacuna in the extant literature and our desire to contribute to the theoretical literature on how tax/subsidy policies can be used by regions to attract the creative class together provide the motivation for this paper. The paper's basic contribution is that it is the first to theoretically analyze competition between two regions (1 and 2) for mo...

We live in the “age of migration.” Migration can take different forms: local, domestic, or cross-border (regional or international). In recent years, a considerable amount of attention has been directed to the socio-economic aspects of cross-border (interregional and international) migration (see, e.g., Stough et al. in Modelling aging and migratio...

The concept of resilience, which was first introduced during the 1970s in the field of ecology, has since been used and analysed in many different disciplinary fields. Even though the resilience concept is not a new one, it still attracts attention in various scholarly domains and disciplines, such as economics, or sociology, in order to understand...

Recent years have shown an increasing interest in local factors shaping the happiness or attachment of citizens in regard to their daily living environment, sometimes also coined city love or neighborhood love. This new strand of literature—often framed in the context of the “geography of happiness” or the “economics of happiness”—means an extensio...

This paper addresses the role of cultural bias (preference for what is culturally more akin) in the entrepreneurial choice regarding different types of social networks in the context of urban mixed embeddedness. We test empirically the presence and aftermaths of this cultural bias, drawing on evidence from a natural experiment with regard to Albani...

We analyze the impact of wage taxation on the workplace choices of and the commuting costs borne by individuals in an aggregate economy consisting of an urban and an adjacent rural region. This economy is inhabited by a continuum of individuals who are uniformly distributed with a total mass of one. These individuals choose whether to work in the u...

Following this introductory chapter which comprises Part I of the book, there are eleven chapters and each of these chapters—written by an expert or by a team of experts—discusses a particular research question or questions about rural-urban dichotomies and spatial development in Asia. For ease of comprehension, we have divided the present volume c...

While a large body of literature separately documents urban and rural resilience, little is known about how resilience evolves when communities experience an administrative reform that changes their judicial status from rural to urban. This paper explores the effects of the largest post-communist urbanization waves that took place in Romania in the...

This paper offers a novel contribution to an evidence-based assessment of the attractiveness features (or perceived qualities) of cities or urban neighbourhoods, based on a quantitative evaluation of such areas by introducing and applying what is called ‘city-love’ analysis. To put this new concept in context, we offer first a concise overview of r...

Natural disasters are usually regarded as damage factors causing high private and social costs. Notwithstanding the incontestable validity of this premise, natural disasters do not necessarily lead to a structural deprivation of the area affected. Recent studies have clearly shown that in the long run one may even observe positive socio-economic ef...

More than 70 years after his tragic death, the great German economist, August Lösch, remains a source of scientific reflection and debate. An intellectual giant who inspired the growth of regional economics and laid essential foundation stones for regional science, Lösch’s scholarly life in Nazi-Germany is characterized by a painful dilemma between...

We use a theoretical political-economy model with three cities and analyze three questions. First, should police in these cities have access to contentious crime fighting technologies such as facial recognition software? We describe a condition involving benefit, cost, and spatial spillover terms which tells us when the police ought to be provided...

In the cruise operations management literature, scant knowledge is available regarding the choice of ports-of-call. Hence, insight into cruise lines' decisions to visit a given port (or not) through a two-step decision-making process may provide an effective means to inform cruise operations management. Based on a novel perspective on cruise online...

Rapid development of the ride-sharing economy has led to a rising need to better understand travellers’ decision making regarding their travel time and cost. The present study conducted a travel choice experiment using smartphone applications, based on data collected from 532 respondents and 2128 stated-preference surveys in China. Based on prospec...

Despite the population decline in many countries, most cities in our world still continue to grow, in both number and in size. This spatial-demographic process raises intriguing research and policy questions on urban sustainability and vitality, worldwide, including in Asia. The unprecedented increase in urban population in Japan—and all over the w...

Cities – and, in general, urban agglomerations – have in recent years become foci of social science research and policy interest. Prominent attention has been given to agglomeration advantages, mobility patterns, urban decay, inequity problems, residents’ quality of life, safety and crime, labour and housing markets, public amenities, and urban pla...

This article aims at investigating and measuring the economic resilience of local communities (43 urban and 403 rural) in Romania. The study focuses on the implications of the deep economic and financial crisis from 2008 to 2011 and explores the capacity of Romanian local economies in the North-West region to respond to these events. The research c...

Effective urban planning is increasingly affected and governed by the current information society. This paper argues that the so-called third data revolution creates unprecedented challenges for sustainable city policy in the digital age. Three types of data revolutions are distinguished in this paper. The nowadays popular notion of smart cities ma...

This paper maps out the structure and relative dynamics of cities of various size classes in India. It aims to address their hierarchical distribution, by employing the rank-size rule, Gibrat’s law, and a primacy index. The implications of urban concentrations for GDP, banking system, FDI, civic amenities, and various urban externalities (such as p...

Sustainable urban development calls for a balanced package of conditions that induce a high quality of life (including safety and security) in cities. We argue that modern cities have to develop knowledge‐ based strategies for smart, safe and sound (3‐S) city development, supported by Urban Performance Assessment (UPA) as a framework for sustainabl...

There is a growing interest among urban planners in identifying and reinforcing key features that differentiate a city from others. At a local level, neighbourhoods are increasingly positioned and branded, based on their distinguishing characteristics. Against this background this paper aims to contribute to a better governance of cities and urban...

Using Italian Households Budget Survey data over the period 1997-2013, a Cragg model in a life-cycle context is specified to compare the consumption behaviour in the pre- and post-crisis time and develop different micro and macro measures of resilience against crisis shocks. Cohort profiles for participation in and for consumption of tourism servic...

This paper presents a model of second-degree price discrimination and intergroup effects. Consumer heterogeneity is assumed on both a horizontal and a vertical dimension, while various distinct market structures, some of which include low-cost carriers (LCCs), are considered. We theoretically show that the rivalry among full-service carriers (FSCs)...

Over the past years, we have observed a growing interest among social scientists and policy makers in deepening their understanding of the importance of the social capital concept, against the background of a broad set of socio-economic experiences in various countries. The concept is popularly defined as a set of individual and societal gains embe...

Modern cities face a range of challenges and threats caused, inter alia, by intense population growth, environmental pollution, climate change, poverty, unemployment, lack of safety, migration and socio-economic inequality. Smart cities presuppose an innovative and knowledge-based approach to cope with these challenges and threats to improve urban...

Human health outcomes are known to be affected not only by individual physical and socio-economic status, but also by external environmental conditions, as well as by place-based economic and geographical circumstances. In recent decades, a large number of studies have addressed the background of differences in health outcomes between rural and urb...

Urban agglomerations - irrespective of their size or location - may act not only as engines of economic growth, but also as vehicles of environmental and climate sustainability that may stimulate both socio-economic achievements and environmentally-benign outcomes. Clearly, the efficiency of these outcomes may differ for different types of urban ag...

The economic recession which followed the 2008 financial crisis has raised important issues on differences in the impact, especially from a spatial perspective, of the socio-economic shocks—at both the regional and the community level, especially in the European Union Member States. These differences may be due to the different levels of vulnerabil...

We analyze the growth effects over space arising from the adoption of new agricultural technology in a rural-urban setting. We use a dynamic model to study the impacts of technology and learning on the steady state growth rates of rural and urban regions that produce agricultural goods. New applications of agricultural technologies are tested and a...

Most economists measure labor productivity based on activities conducted at places of work and do not consider leisure time in their calculations. In contrast, psychologists and sociologists argue that leisure has a positive role in the production process: leisure can improve individuals’ labor productivity by affecting their self-development. Usin...