Peter W. Michor

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• Dr. phil.
• Professor, retired at University of Vienna

The Cartan development takes a Lie algebra valued 1-form satisfying the Maurer–Cartan equation on a simply connected manifold [Formula: see text] to a smooth mapping from [Formula: see text] into the Lie group. In this paper, this is generalized to infinite dimensional [Formula: see text] for infinite dimensional regular Lie groups. The Cartan deve...

We present symplectic structures on the shape space of unparameterized space curves that generalize the classical Marsden-Weinstein structure. Our method integrates the Liouville 1-form of the Marsden-Weinstein structure with Riemannian structures that have been introduced in mathematical shape analysis. We also derive Hamiltonian vector fields for...

Half Lie groups exist only in infinite dimensions: They are smooth manifolds and topological groups such that right translations are smooth, but left translations are merely required to be continuous. The main examples are groups of $H^s$ or $C^k$ diffeomorphisms and semidirect products of a Lie group with kernel an infinite dimensional representat...

In [4] and [5], we generalized the concept of completion of an infinitesimal group action $\zeta : {\mathfrak g} \to \mathfrak X (M)$ to an actual group action on a (non-compact) manifold $M$, originally introduced by R. Palais [9], and showed by examples that this completion may have quite pathological properties (much like the leaf space of a fol...

We show for a certain class of operators A and holomorphic functions f that the functional calculus A↦f(A)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$A\mapsto f(A)$...

In statistics, independent, identically distributed random samples do not carry a natural ordering, and their statistics are typically invariant with respect to permutations of their order. Thus, an $n$-sample in a space $M$ can be considered as an element of the quotient space of $M^n$ modulo the permutation group. The present paper takes this def...

We study completeness properties of reparametrization invariant Sobolev metrics of order $n\ge 2$ on the space of manifold valued open and closed immersed curves. In particular, for several important cases of metrics, we show that Sobolev immersions are metrically and geodesically complete (thus the geodesic equation is globally well-posed). These...

After an introduction to convenient calculus in infinite dimensions, the foundational material for manifolds of mappings is presented. The central character is the smooth convenient manifold C∞(M, N) of all smooth mappings from a finite dimensional Whitney manifold germ M into a smooth manifold N. A Whitney manifold germ is a smooth (in the interio...

We prove that the geodesic equations of all Sobolev metrics of fractional order one and higher on spaces of diffeomorphisms and, more generally, immersions are locally well posed. This result builds on the recently established real analytic dependence of fractional Laplacians on the underlying Riemannian metric. It extends several previous results...

The Square Root Normal Field (SRNF), introduced by Jermyn et al. in [3], provides a way of representing immersed surfaces in $\mathbb R^3$, and equipping the set of these immersions with a "distance function" (to be precise, a pseudometric) that is easy to compute. Importantly, this distance function is invariant under reparametrizations (i.e., und...

We prove that the geodesic equations of all Sobolev metrics of fractional order one and higher on spaces of diffeomorphisms and, more generally, immersions are locally well posed. This result builds on the recently established real analytic dependence of fractional Laplacians on the underlying Riemannian metric. It extends several previous results...

After an introduction to convenient calculus in infinite dimensions, the foundational material for manifolds of mappings is presented. The central character is the smooth convenient manifold $C^{\infty}(M,N)$ of all smooth mappings from a finite dimensional Whitney manifold germ $M$ into a smooth manifold $N$. A Whitney manifold germ is a smooth (i...

It is known that on a closed manifold of dimension greater than one, every smooth weak Riemannian metric on the space of smooth positive densities that is invariant under the action of the diffeomorphism group, is of the form for some smooth functions of the total volume . Here we determine the geodesics and the curvature of this metric and study...

These are the proceedings of the workshop "Math in the Black Forest", which brought together researchers in shape analysis to discuss promising new directions. Shape analysis is an inter-disciplinary area of research with theoretical foundations in infinite-dimensional Riemannian geometry, geometric statistics, and geometric stochastics, and with a...

We show for a certain class of operators $A$ and holomorphic functions $f$ that the functional calculus $A\mapsto f(A)$ is holomorphic. Using this result we are able to prove that fractional Laplacians $(1+\Delta^g)^p$ depend real analytically on the metric $g$ in suitable Sobolev topologies. As an application we obtain local well-posedness of the...

We prove existence of large families of solutions of Einstein-complex scalar field equations with a negative cosmological constant, with a stationary or static metric and a time-periodic complex scalar field.

We prove existence of large families of solutions of Einstein-complex scalar field equations with a negative cosmological constant, with a stationary or static metric and a time-periodic complex scalar field.

In this article we investigate the reparametrization-invariant Sobolev metric of order one on the space of immersed curves. Motivated by applications in shape analysis where discretizations of this infinite-dimensional space are needed, we extend this metric to the space of Lipschitz curves, establish the wellposedness of the geodesic equation ther...

In this article we investigate a first order reparametrization-invariant Sobolev metric on the space of immersed curves. Motivated by applications in shape analysis where discretizations of this infinite-dimensional space are needed, we extend this metric to the space of Lipschitz curves, establish the wellposedness of the geodesic equation thereon...

It is known that on a closed manifold of dimension greater than one, every smooth weak Riemannian metric on the space of smooth positive densities that is invariant under the action of the diffeomorphism group, is of the form $$ G_\mu(\alpha,\beta)=C_1(\mu(M)) \int_M \frac{\alpha}{\mu}\frac{\beta}{\mu}\,\mu + C_2(\mu(M)) \int_M\alpha \cdot \int_M\b...

Moser's theorem (1965) states that the diffeomorphism group of a compact manifold acts transitively on the space of all smooth positive densities with fixed volume. Here we describe the extension of this result to manifolds with corners. In particular we obtain Moser's theorem on simplices. The proof is based on Banyaga's paper (1974), where Moser'...

Moser's theorem (1965) states that the diffeomorphism group of a compact manifold acts transitively on the space of all smooth positive densities with fixed volume. Here we describe the extension of this result to manifolds with corners. In particular we obtain Moser's theorem on simplices. The proof is based on Banyaga's paper (1974), where Moser'...

Given a compact manifold $M$ and a Riemannian manifold $N$ of bounded geometry, we consider the manifold ${\rm Imm} (M,N)$ of immersions from $M$ to $N$ and its subset ${\rm Imm}_\mu (M,N)$ of those immersions with the property that the volume-form of the pull-back metric equals $\mu$. We first show that the non-minimal elements of ${\rm Imm}_\mu (...

Given a compact manifold $M$ and a Riemannian manifold $N$ of bounded geometry, we consider the manifold ${\rm Imm} (M,N)$ of immersions from $M$ to $N$ and its subset ${\rm Imm}_\mu (M,N)$ of those immersions with the property that the volume-form of the pull-back metric equals $\mu$. We first show that the non-minimal elements of ${\rm Imm}_\mu (...

Abstract. After reviewing graded derivations on the algebra of differential forms and the basic properties of the Froelicher-Nijenhuis bracket we show, that this bracket is well-behaved with respect to f-related vector valued forms. Then graded derivations on the graded module of vector bundle valued differen- tial forms are investigated, and also...

We prove the exponential law $\mathcal A(E \times F, G) \cong \mathcal A(E,\mathcal A(F,G))$ (bornological isomorphism) for the following classes $\mathcal A$ of test functions: $\mathcal B$ (globally bounded derivatives), $W^{\infty,p}$ (globally $p$-integrable derivatives), $\mathcal S$ (Schwartz space), $\mathcal D$ (compact sport, $\mathcal B^{...

This is an overview article. In his Habilitationsvortrag, Riemann described infinite dimensional manifolds parameterizing functions and shapes of solids. This is taken as an excuse to describe convenient calculus in infinite dimensions which allows for short and transparent proofs of the main facts of the theory of manifolds of smooth mappings. Smo...

We study reparametrization invariant Sobolev metrics on spaces of regular curves. We discuss their completeness properties and the resulting usability for applications in shape analysis. In particular, we will argue, that the development of efficient numerical methods for higher order Sobolev type metrics is an extremely desirable goal.

We review the manifold projection method for stochastic nonlinear filtering in a more general setting than in our previous paper in Geometric Science of Information 2013. We still use a Hilbert space structure on a space of probability densities to project the infinite dimensional stochastic partial differential equation for the optimal filter onto...

We prove the exponential law $\mathcal A(E \times F, G) \cong \mathcal A(E,\mathcal A(F,G))$ (bornological isomorphism) for the following classes $\mathcal A$ of test functions: $\mathcal B$ (globally bounded derivatives), $W^{\infty,p}$ (globally $p$-integrable derivatives), $\mathcal S$ (Schwartz space), $\mathcal B^{[M]}$ (globally Denjoy_Carlem...

HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et a la...

Let $C^{[M]}$ be a (local) Denjoy-Carleman class of Beurling or Roumieu type, where the weight sequence $M=(M_k)$ is log-convex and has moderate growth. We prove that the groups ${\operatorname{Diff}}\mathcal{B}^{[M]}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, ${\operatorname{Diff}}W^{[M],p}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, ${\operatorname{Diff}}{\mathcal{S}}{}_{[L]}^{[M]}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, an...

Let $C^{[M]}$ be a (local) Denjoy-Carleman class of Beurling or Roumieu type, where the weight sequence $M=(M_k)$ is log-convex and has moderate growth. We prove that the groups ${\operatorname{Diff}}\mathcal{B}^{[M]}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, ${\operatorname{Diff}}W^{[M],p}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, ${\operatorname{Diff}}{\mathcal{S}}{}_{[L]}^{[M]}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, an...

We study properties of Sobolev-type metrics on the space of immersed plane curves. We show that the geodesic equation for Sobolev-type metrics with constant coefficients of order 2 and higher is globally well-posed for smooth initial data as well as initial data in certain Sobolev spaces. Thus the space of closed plane curves equipped with such a m...

We consider spaces of smooth immersed plane curves (modulo translations and/or rotations), equipped with reparameterization invariant weak Riemannian metrics involving second derivatives. This includes the full $H^2$-metric without zero order terms. We find isometries (called $R$-transforms) from some of these spaces into function spaces with simpl...

We study a family of approximations to Euler’s equation depending on two parameters ε, η≥0. When ε=η=0 we have Euler’s equation and when both are positive we have instances of the class of integro-differential equations called EPDiff in imaging science. These are all geodesic equations on either the full diffeomorphism group Diff H ∞ (ℝ n ) or, if...

This article provides an overview of various notions of shape spaces, including the space of parametrized and unparametrized curves, the space of immersions, the diffeomorphism group and the space of Riemannian metrics. We discuss the Riemannian metrics that can be defined thereon, and what is known about the properties of these metrics. We put par...

We study Sobolev-type metrics of fractional order s a parts per thousand yen 0 on the group Diff (c) (M) of compactly supported diffeomorphisms of a manifold M. We show that for the important special case M = S (1), the geodesic distance on Diff (c) (S (1)) vanishes if and only if . For other manifolds, we obtain a partial characterization: the geo...

We consider the operator $\mathcal R$, which sends a function on $\mathbb R^{2n}$ to its integrals over all affine Lagrangian subspaces in $\mathbb R^{2n}$. We discuss properties of the operator $\mathcal R$ and of the representation of the affine symplectic group in the space of functions on $\mathbb R^{2n}$.

In continuation of [7] we discuss metrics of the form $$ G^P_f(h,k)=\int_M \sum_{i=0}^p\Phi_i(\Vol(f)) \g((P_i)_fh,k) \vol(f^*\g) $$ on the space of immersions $\Imm(M,N)$ and on shape space $B_i(M,N)=\Imm(M,N)/\on{Diff}(M)$. Here $(N,\g)$ is a complete Riemannian manifold, $M$ is a compact manifold, $f:M\to N$ is an immersion, $h$ and $k$ are tang...

We consider the groups $Diff_{B}(R^n)$, $Diff_{H^\infty}(R^n)$, and $Diff_{S}(R^n)$ of smooth diffeomorphisms on $R^n$ which differ from the identity by a function which is in either $B$ (bounded in all derivatives), $H^\infty = \bigcap_{k\ge 0}H^k$ (the intersection of all Sobolev spaces), or $S$ (rapidly decreasing). We show that all these groups...

We study a family of approximations to Euler's equation depending on two parameters $\varepsilon,\eta \ge 0$. When $\varepsilon=\eta=0$ we have Euler's equation and when both are positive we have instances of the class of integro-differential equations called EPDiff in imaging science. These are all geodesic equations on either the full diffeomorph...

In this article we study Sobolev metrics of order one on diffeomorphism groups on the real line. We prove that the space $\operatorname{Diff}_{1}(\R)$ equipped with the homogenous Sobolev metric of order one is a flat space in the sense of Riemannian geometry, as it is isometric to an open subset of a mapping space equipped with the flat $L^2$-metr...

Metrics on shape space are used to describe deformations that take one shape to another, and to determine a distance between them. We study a family of metrics on the space of curves, that includes several recently proposed metrics, for which the metrics are characterised by mappings into vector spaces where geodesics can be easily computed. This f...

Given a finite dimensional manifold $N$, the group $\operatorname{Diff}_{\mathcal S}(N)$ of diffeomorphism of $N$ which fall suitably rapidly to the identity, acts on the manifold $B(M,N)$ of submanifolds on $N$ of diffeomorphism type $M$ where $M$ is a compact manifold with $\dim M<\dim N$. For a right invariant weak Riemannian metric on $\operato...

Let ρ:G→GL (V) be a rational representation of a reductive linear algebraic group G defined over ℂ on a finite dimensional complex vector space V. We show that, for any generic smooth (resp. C M ) curve c:ℝ→V//G in the categorical quotient V//G (viewed as affine variety in some ℂ n ) and for any t 0∈ℝ, there exists a positive integer N such that t...

Pulling back sets of functions in involution by Poisson mappings and adding Casimir functions during the process allows one to construct completely integrable systems. Some examples are investigated in detail.

Let M be a G-manifold and ω a G-invariant exact m-form on M. We indicate when these data allow us to construct a cocycle on a group G with values in the trivial G-module ℝ, and when this cocycle is nontrivial.

We prove in a uniform way that all Denjoy--Carleman differentiable function classes of Beurling type $C^{(M)}$ and of Roumieu type $C^{\{M\}}$, admit a convenient setting if the weight sequence $M=(M_k)$ is log-convex and of moderate growth: For $\mathcal C$ denoting either $C^{(M)}$ or $C^{\{M\}}$, the category of $\mathcal C$-mappings is cartesia...

In continuation of [5] we discuss metrics of the form G P ∫ p ∑ ( ) ( f (h,k) = Φi Vol(f) g (Pi)fh,k M i=0) vol(f ∗ g) on the space of immersions Imm(M,N) and on shape space Bi(M,N) = Imm(M,N)/Diff(M). Here (N,g) is a complete Riemannian manifold, M is a compact manifold, f: M → N is an immersion, h and k are tangent vectors to f in the space of im...

We improve the main results in the paper from the title using a recent refinement of Bronshtein's theorem due to Colombini, Orr\'u, and Pernazza. They are then in general best possible both in the hypothesis and in the outcome. As a consequence we obtain a result on lifting smooth mappings in several variables.

We study Sobolev-type metrics of fractional order $s\geq0$ on the group $\Diff_c(M)$ of compactly supported diffeomorphisms of a manifold $M$. We show that for the important special case $M=S^1$ the geodesic distance on $\Diff_c(S^1)$ vanishes if and only if $s\leq\frac12$. For other manifolds we obtain a partial characterization: the geodesic dist...

On the manifold $\Met(M)$ of all Riemannian metrics on a compact manifold $M$ one can consider the natural $L^2$-metric as described first by \cite{Ebin70}. In this paper we consider variants of this metric which in general are of higher order. We derive the geodesic equations, we show that they are well-posed under some conditions and induce a loc...

Let $M$ be a compact connected oriented $n-1$ dimensional manifold without boundary. In this work, shape space is the orbifold of unparametrized immersions from $M$ to $\mathbb R^n$. The results of \cite{Michor118}, where mean curvature weighted metrics were studied, suggest incorporating Gau{\ss} curvature weights in the definition of the metric....

The Virasoro-Bott group endowed with the right-invariant $L^2$-metric (which is a weak Riemannian metric) has the KdV-equation as geodesic equation. We prove that this metric space has vanishing geodesic distance.

1. Let X, Y be smooth finite dimensional manifolds, let C∞(X,Y) be the set of smooth mappings from X to Y; for any non negative integer n let Jn(X,Y) denote the fibre bundle of n-jets of smooth maps from X to Y, equipped with the canonical manifold structure which makes jnf : X → Jn(X,Y) into a smooth section for each f ∈c∞(X,Y) , where jnf(x) is t...

Let $M$ and $N$ be connected manifolds without boundary with $\dim(M) < \dim(N)$, and let $M$ compact. Then shape space in this work is either the manifold of submanifolds of $N$ that are diffeomorphic to $M$, or the orbifold of unparametrized immersions of $M$ in $N$. We investigate the Sobolev Riemannian metrics on shape space: These are induced...

This paper deals with the computation of sectional curvature for the manifolds of $N$ landmarks (or feature points) in D dimensions, endowed with the Riemannian metric induced by the group action of diffeomorphisms. The inverse of the metric tensor for these manifolds (i.e. the cometric), when written in coordinates, is such that each of its elemen...

This paper extends parts of the results from [17] for plane curves to the case of hypersurfaces in $\mathbb R^n$. Let $M$ be a compact connected oriented $n-1$ dimensional manifold without boundary like $S^2$ or the torus $S^1\times S^1$. Then shape space is either the manifold of submanifolds of $\mathbb R^n$ of type $M$, or the orbifold of immers...

Let $t\mapsto A(t)$ for $t\in T$ be a $C^M$-mapping with values unbounded operators with compact resolvents and common domain of definition which are self-adjoint or normal. Here $C^M$ stands for $C^\om$ (real analytic), a quasianalytic or non-quasianalytic Denjoy-Carleman class, $C^\infty$, or a H\"older continuity class $C^{0,\al}$. The parameter...

Let $t\mapsto A(t)$ for $t\in T$ be a $C^M$-mapping with values unbounded operators with compact resolvents and common domain of definition which are self-adjoint or normal. Here $C^M$ stands for $C^\om$ (real analytic), a quasianalytic or non-quasianalytic Denjoy-Carleman class, $C^\infty$, or a H\"older continuity class $C^{0,\al}$. The parameter...

For quasianalytic Denjoy--Carleman differentiable function classes $C^Q$ where the weight sequence $Q=(Q_k)$ is log-convex, stable under derivations, of moderate growth and also an $\mathcal L$-intersection (see 1.6), we prove the following: The category of $C^Q$-mappings is cartesian closed in the sense that $C^Q(E,C^Q(F,G))\cong C^Q(E\times F, G)...

The topic of the paper are developments of $n$-dimensional Coxeter polyhedra. We show that the surface of such polyhedron admits a canonical cutting such that each piece can be covered by a Coxeter $(n-1)$-dimensional domain.

For Denjoy-Carleman differentiable function classes CM where the weight sequence M = (Mk) is logarithmically convex, stable under derivations, and non-quasianalytic of moderate growth, we prove the following: A mapping is CM if it maps CM-curves to CM-curves. The category of CM-mappings is cartesian closed in the sense that CM (E, CM (F, G)) ≅ CM (...

Let $\rho: G \to \operatorname{GL}(V)$ be a rational representation of a reductive linear algebraic group $G$ defined over $\mathbb C$ on a finite dimensional complex vector space $V$. We show that, for any generic smooth (resp. $C^M$) curve $c : \mathbb R \to V // G$ in the categorical quotient $V // G$ (viewed as affine variety in some $\mathbb C...

For Denjoy--Carleman differential function classes $C^M$ where the weight sequence $M=(M_k)$ is logarithmically convex, stable under derivations, and non-quasianalytic of moderate growth, we prove the following: A mapping is $C^M$ if it maps $C^M$-curves to $C^M$-curves. The category of $C^M$-mappings is cartesian closed in the sense that $C^M(E,C^...

We characterize those regular, holomorphic or formal maps into the orbit space V/G of a complex representation of a finite group G which admit a regular, holomorphic or formal lift to the representation space V . In particular, the case of complex reflection groups is investigated.

This paper studies a specific metric on plane curves that has the property of being isometric to classical manifold (sphere, complex projective, Stiefel, Grassmann) modulo change of parametrization, each of these classical manifolds being associated to specific qualifications of the space of curves (closed-open, modulo rotation etc...) Using these...

Let P(x)(z) = z n + P n j=1 (−1)j aj(x)z n−j be a family of polynomials of fixed degree n whose coefficients aj are germs at 0 of smooth (C ∞) complex valued functions defined near 0 ∈ R q. We show that, if P satisfies a generic condition, there exists a finite collection T of transformations Ψ: R q,0 → R q,0 such that S {im(Ψ) : Ψ ∈ T} is a neighb...

If u 7→ A(u) is a C1,�-mapping having as values unbounded self- adjoint operators with compact resolvents and common domain of definition, parametrized by u in an (even infinite dimensional) space then any continuous arrangement of the eigenvalues u 7→ �i(u) is C0,1 in u. If u 7→ A(u) is C0,1, then the eigenvalues may be chosen C0,1/N (even C0,1 if...

This volume is composed of invited expository articles by well-known mathematicians in differential geometry and mathematical physics that have been arranged in celebration of Hideki Omori's recent retirement from Tokyo University of Science and in honor of his fundamental contributions to these areas. The papers focus on recent trends and future d...

If $u\mapsto A(u)$ is a $C^{0,\alpha}$-mapping, for $0< \alpha \le 1$, having as values unbounded self-adjoint operators with compact resolvents and common domain of definition, parametrized by $u$ in an (even infinite dimensional) space, then any continuous (in $u$) arrangement of the eigenvalues of $A(u)$ is indeed $C^{0,\alpha}$ in $u$.

This is the extended version of a lecture course given at the University of Vienna in the spring term 2005. The main aim of this course was to understand the papers \cite{10} and \cite{11} and to give a complete account of existence and uniqueness of the solutions of the members of higher order of the hierarchies of Burgers' equation and the Kortew...

Let M be a G-manifold and ω a G-invariant exact m-form on M. We indicate when these data allow us to construct a cocycle on a group G with values in the trivial G-module ℝ, and when this cocycle is nontrivial.

Given a reductive algebraic group G and a finite dimensional algebraic G-module V, we study how close is the algebra of G-invariant polynomials on V⊕n to the subalgebra generated by polarizations of G-invariant polynomials on V. We address this problem in a more general setting of G-actions on arbitrary affine varieties.

Here shape space is either the manifold of simple closed smooth unparameterized curves in R2 or is the orbifold of immersions from S1 to R2 modulo the group of diffeomorphisms of S1. We investigate several Riemannian metrics on shape space: L2-metrics weighted by expressions in length and curvature. These include a scale invariant metric and a Wass...

Here shape space is either the manifold of simple closed smooth unparameterized curves in $\mathbb R^2$ or is the orbifold of immersions from $S^1$ to $\mathbb R^2$ modulo the group of diffeomorphisms of $S^1$. We investige several Riemannian metrics on shape space: $L^2$-metrics weighted by expressions in length and curvature. These include a scal...

The space of all immersed closed curves of rotation degree 0 in the plane modulo reparametrizations has the same homotopy groups as the circle times the 2-sphere.

For a symplectic manifold (M, omega) with exact symplectic form, we construct a 2-cocycle on the symplectomorphism group and indicate cases in which this cocycle is not trivial.

This is a book guaranteed to delight the reader. It not only depicts the state of mathematics at the end of the century, but is also full of remarkable insights into its future de- velopment as we ...

The space of all immersed closed curves of rotation degree 0 in the plane modulo reparametrizations has the same homotopy groups as the circle times the 2-sphere.