Peter Ingwersen

• PhD; Dr. Ph., h.c.
• Professor Emeritus at Aalborg University

The article focuses on scientific disagreement about the use of statin-related drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular events. The study forms part of an exploration of the broader principle of research polarization, foremost in medicine. The hypothesis is that statin-positive and statin-critical researchers publish in different committed central...

This scientometric analysis of the area of ‘smart city(ies)’ research covers 1990–2016, divided into three nine year periods: 1990–1998; 1999–2007; and 2008–2016. The methodology is partly based on the ‘issue management’ approach by Lancaster and Lee (J Assoc Inf Sci Technol 36(6):389–397, 1985) partly on common publication and citation analysis of...

The Laboratory Model of Information Retrieval (IR) has dominated IR research for half a century. The focus of this system-driven research is IR algorithms and their evaluation. Algorithms are evaluated for their capability of finding topically relevant documents.

When submitting queries to information retrieval (IR) systems, users often have the option of specifying which, if any, of the query terms are heavily dependent on each other and should be treated as a fixed phrase, for instance by placing them between quotes. In addition to such cases where users specify term dependence, automatic ways also exist...

When submitting queries to information retrieval (IR) systems, users often have the option of specifying which, if any, of the query terms are heavily dependent on each other and should be treated as a fixed phrase, for instance by placing them between quotes. In addition to such cases where users specify term dependence, automatic ways also exist...

This paper is a result of the WOW project (Wind power On Wikipedia) which forms part of the SAPIENS (Scientometric Analyses of the Productivity and Impact of Eco-economy of Spain) project (Sanz-Casado et al. in Scientometrics 95(1):197–224, 2013). WOW is designed to observe the relationship between scholarly publications and societal impact or visi...

Interactive Information Retrieval refers to the branch of Information Retrieval that considers the retrieval process with respect to a wide range of contexts, which may affect the user's information seeking experience. The identification and representation of such contexts has been the object of the principle of Polyrepresentation, a theoretical fr...

According to the principle of polyrepresentation, retrieval accuracy may improve through the combination of multiple and diverse information object representations about e.g. the context of the user, the information sought, or the retrieval system. Recently, the principle of polyrepresentation was mathematically expressed using subjective logic, wh...

EDITOR'S SUMMARY At the ASIS&T Annual Meeting in Copenhagen, Peter Ingwersen expressed surprise and gratitude for being honored with the Association's 2016 Award of Merit. The professor emeritus from Denmark's Royal School of Library and Information Science thanked peers for recognizing him as a mentor and research originator. Ingwersen observed th...

This interactive panel session will introduce and debate the notion of Open Peer Review (OPR), an emerging approach to peer review that stems from the Open Science Movement. In essence, OPR makes all aspects of the peer review process transparent and open to authors, reviewers and readers. Audience members will be polled on their knowledge of and a...

For academic book authors and the institutions assessing their research performance, the relevance of books is undisputed. In spite of this, the absence of comprehensive international databases covering the items and information needed for the assessment of this type of publication has urged several European countries to develop custom-built inform...

interest in the subject is mirrored by more intense research in the area. To this end, the research published by Spain and Germany, the two EU countries with the highest installed photovoltaic capacity, was analyzed based on Web of Science data. The results show that: solar output has risen substantially; solar research has a greater impact (measur...

This paper analyses the following seven sub-fields of Sustainable Energy Research with respect to the influence of proceedings papers on citation patterns across citing and cited document types, overall sub-field and document type impacts and citedness: the Wind Power, Renewable Energy, Solar and Wave Energy, Geo-thermal, Bio-fuel and Bio-mass ener...

This paper analyses the patterns of Danish research productivity, citation impact and (inter)national collaboration across document types 2000–2012, prior to and after the introduction of the Norwegian publication point-based performance indicator in 2008. Document types analysed are: research articles; conference proceedings papers excluding meeti...

The contribution places biodiversity datasets in relation to other central elements of the modern scientific communication system and defines quantitative analyses of metadata of such datasets as belonging to the intersection of Scientometrics and Webometrics. The analyses show that rank distributions of social utility evidence, such as search even...

An analysis of scientific publications on solar energy was conducted to determine whether public interest in the subject is mirrored by more intense research in the area. To this end, the research published by Spain and Germany, the two EU countries with the highest installed photovoltaic capacity, was analyzed based on Web of Science data. The res...

This paper analyses the following seven sub-fields of Sustainable Energy Research with respect to the influence of proceedings papers on citation patterns across citing and cited document types, overall sub-field and document type impacts and citedness: the Wind Power, Renewable Energy, Solar and Wave Energy, Geo-thermal, Bio-fuel and Bio-mass ener...

The field of Information Retrieval (IR) is under steady development and change. Information collections have become larger and more diversified; elaborated IT platforms penetrate most life situations; computers have become more powerful; networks and devices more widespread; social media and information interaction in many forms are increasingly us...

These proceedings contain the refereed papers, posters and abstracts of keynotes, tutorials and panel discussion presented at the Fourth International Conference on the Theory of Information Retrieval (ICTIR13), held in Copenhagen, Denmark, during September 29 - October 2, 2013.

In our recent paper, we study web search as an aid in the process of diagnosing rare diseases. To answer the question of how well Google Search and PubMed perform, we created an evaluation framework with 56 diagnostic cases and made our own specialized search engine, FindZebra (findzebra.com). FindZebra uses a set of publicly available curated sour...

The paper reports the developments and citation patterns over three time periods of research on Renewable Energy generation and Wind Power 1995–2011 in EU, Spain, Germany and Denmark. Analyses are based on Web of Science and incorporate journal articles as well as conference proceeding papers. Scientometric indicators include publication collaborat...

In our recent paper, we study web search as an aid in the process of diagnosing rare diseases. To answer the question of how well Google Search and PubMed perform, we created an evaluation framework with 56 diagnostic cases and made our own specialized search engine, FindZebra (findzebra.com). FindZebra uses a set of publicly available curated sour...

Background: The web has become a primary information resource about illnesses and treatments for both medical and non-medical users. Standard web search is by far the most common interface for such information. It is therefore of interest to find out how well web search engines work for diagnostic queries and what factors contribute to successes an...

Background: The web has become a primary information resource about illnesses and treatments for both medical and non-medical users. Standard web search is by far the most common interface to this information. It is therefore of interest to find out how well web search engines work for diagnostic queries and what factors contribute to successes an...

This paper analyses the following seven sub-fields of Sustainable Energy Research with respect to the influence of conference paper dominance on citation patterns across citing and cited document types, overall sub-field and document type impacts and citedness: Wind Power, Renewable Energy, Solar and Wave Energy, Geo-thermal, Bio-fuel and Biomass e...

This paper analyses the patterns of Danish research productivity, citation impact and (inter)national collaboration across document types 2000-2012, prior to and after 1) the university mergers in 2006 and 2) the introduction of the Norwegian publication point-based performance indicator 2008/09. Document types analysed are: research articles; conf...

Individuals can increasingly collect data about their habits, routines, and environment using ubiquitous technologies. Running specialized software, personal devices such as phones and tablets can capture and transmit users’ location, images, ...

We investigate the relations between user perceptions of work task complexity, topic specificity, and usefulness of retrieved results. 23 academic researchers submitted detailed descriptions of 65 real-life work tasks in the physics domain, and assessed documents retrieved from an integrated collection consisting of full text research articles in P...

According to the principle of Polyrepresentation (Ingwersen & Jäärvelin, 2005; Ingwersen, 2012) bibliographic references in scientific documents as well as citations to documents have the potential of serving as useful features for re-ranking of retrieved documents. References (and thus citations) can be seen as footprints of information interactio...

According to the principle of polyrepresentation, retrieval accuracy may improve through the combination of multiple and diverse information object representations about e.g. the context of the user, the information sought, or the retrieval system [9, 10]. Recently, the principle of polyrepresentation was mathematically expressed using subjective l...

With reference to Vanclay (Scientometrics in press, 2012) the paper argues for a pragmatic approach to the Thomson-Reuter’s journal impact factor. The paper proposes and discusses to replace the current synchronous Thomson-Reuter journal impact factor by an up-to-date diachronic version (DJIF), consisting of a three-year citation window over a one...

This book contains the text of three lectures from the 28th Sarada Ranganathan Endowment Lectures, held in Bangalore in December 2010. The lectures were delivered by Dr. Peter Ingwersen, Professor at the Danish School of Library and Information Science, Copenhagen. The first lecture on scientometric indicators presented two fundamental models of sc...

Data are the evidentiary basis for scientific hypotheses, analyses and publication, for policy formation and for decision-making. They are essential to the evaluation and testing of results by peer scientists both present and future. There is broad consensus in the scientific and conservation communities that data should be freely, openly available...

A professional recognition mechanism is required to encourage expedited publishing of an adequate volume of 'fit-for-use' biodiversity data. As a component of such a recognition mechanism, we propose the development of the Data Usage Index (DUI) to demonstrate to data publishers that their efforts of creating biodiversity datasets have impact by be...

This chapter initially defines what characterizes and distinguishes research frameworks from research models. The Laboratory Research Framework for IR illustrates the case. We define briefly what is meant by the concept of research design, including research questions, and what this chapter regards as central IIR evaluation research settings and va...

Adaptivity in IR interactions requires the IR systems adapting to users' situations and the users adapting to the systems. System adaption entails dynamic user modeling, effective information architecture and enhanced search features such as search integration and relevance feedback; user adaptation through interactions entails mental model buildin...

This panel aims at giving an overview on the situation of information science in a few selected European countries/regions (Scandinavia, France and former Yugoslavian countries). At the beginning the panelists will give an outline on the discipline in their country. In particular the following questions will be addressed: What is the state-of-the-...

In this contribution we investigate the potential influence between assessors' perceived completion of their work task at hand and their actual assessment of usefulness of the retrieved information. The results indicate that the number of useful documents found by assessors does not influence their perception of task completion. Also, with the exce...

The paper presents comparative analyses of two publication point systems, The Norwegian and the in-house system from the interdisciplinary Danish Institute of International Studies (DIIS), used as case in the study for publications published 2006, and compares central citation-based indicators with novel publication point indicators (PPIs) that are...

The aim of this study is to analyse the perceptions and demands concerning educational and working requirements of the information profession from the perspectives of employersandemployees in the Chinese public and private information sectors, with focus on information science and information management (IS/IM) training and skills. The paper introd...

The relevance of a document has many facets, going beyond the usual topical one, which have to be considered to satisfy a user's information need. Multiple representations of doc-uments, like user-given reviews or the actual document con-tent, can give evidence towards certain facets of relevance. In this respect polyrepresentation of documents, wh...

In this poster we investigate the associations between perceived ease of assessment of situational relevance made by a four-point scale, perceived satisfaction with retrieval results and the actual relevance assessments and retrieval performance made by test collection assessors based on their own genuine information tasks. Ease of assessment and s...

Interactive Information Retrieval refers to the branch of Information Retrieval that considers the retrieval process with respect to a wide range of contexts, which may affect the user's information seeking experience. The identification and representation of such contexts has been the object of the principle of Polyrepresentation, a theoretical fr...

In this poster, we describe central aspects of 65 natural information tasks from 23 senior researchers, PhDs, and experienced MSc students from three different university departments of physics. We analyze 1) the main purpose of the information task, 2) which and how many search facets were used to describe the tasks, 3) what semantic categories we...

The poster discusses the characteristics needed in an information retrieval (IR) test collection to facilitate the evaluation of integrated search, i.e. search across a range of different sources but with one search box and one ranked result list, and describes and analyses a new test collection constructed for this purpose. The test collection con...

Currently primary scientific data, especially that dealing with biodiversity, is neither easily discoverable nor accessible. Amongst several impediments, one is a lack of professional recognition of scientific data publishing efforts. A possible solution is establishment of a 'Data Publishing Framework' which would encourage and recognise investmen...

Aim The present article contributes to the current methodological debate concerning author co-citation analyses. (ACA) The study compares two different units of analyses, i.e. first- versus inclusive all-author co-citation counting, as well as two different matrix generation approaches, i.e. a conventional multivariate and the so-called Drexel appr...

We report data fusion experiments carried out on the four best-performing retrieval models from TREC 5. Three were conceptually-algorithmically very different from one another; one was algorithmically similar to one of the former. The objective of the test was to observe the performance of the 11 logical data fusion combinations compared to the per...

Background Currently primary scientific data, especially that dealing with biodiversity, is neither easily discoverable nor accessible. Amongst several impediments, one is a lack of professional recognition of scientific data publishing efforts. A possible solution is establishment of a 'Data Publishing Framework' which would encourage and recognis...

The paper analyses the general development of research in Brazil, 1981-2005 and compares to Mexico, Republic of South Africa (RSA) and the world. Publications from 15 research areas and their citations are analyzed for the three countries covering two five-year periods 1996-2005. The paper applies publication growth as well as Citedness and Field C...

Synchronic and diachronic indicators are used to measure the impact of a set of publications from Carlos III University of Madrid (UC3M), in order to verify if UC3M papers contribute to enhancing the impact and visibility of the journals in which they were published. Both Diachronic Journal Impact Factors and the Field Crown Indicator are used in t...

Artiklen demonstrerer Laboratorie-perspektivet på informationssøgning og hvordan det er indeholdt i det Integrerede Kognitive Forskningsperspektiv. Først diskuteres Laboratorie-perspektivets underliggende antagelser og velkendte ulemper og begrænsninger. Dernæst diskuteres informationsinteraktion fra et Integreret Kognitivt Perspektiv. ’Ultra-light...

Information Interaction in Context 2008 began with two half day tutorials. The role of a tutorial is to give a detailed introduction to a single topic related to the themes of the symposium. The first tutorial by Ayse Göker and her colleagues focused on information interaction in mobile environments. The second tutorial by Peter Ingwersen proposed...

This paper describes the preliminary results of a case study of task-based interactive information seeking and retrieval behaviour of virtual museum visitors in context. The research described here is part of a larger study: this paper specifically looks at 1) leisure tasks/interests and derived information needs, and 2) main characteristics of vir...

The paper presents the results of a case study of searcher's relevance criteria used for assessments of Web pages in a perspective of learning style. 15 test persons participated in the experiments based on two simulated work tasks that provided cover stories to trigger their information needs. Two learning styles were examined: Global and Sequenti...

Quantitative bibliometric measurements of research activity are frequently used, e.g. for evaluating applicants for academic positions. The purpose of this investigation is to assess research activity within the medical speciality of Clinical Biochemistry by comparing it with a matched control group from other medical specialities in Denmark. A lis...

The principle of polyrepresentation offers a theoretical framework for handling multiple contexts in information retrieval (IR). This paper presents an empirical laboratory study of polyrepresentation in restricted mode of the information space with focus on inter and intra-document features. The Cystic Fibrosis test collection indexed in the best...

Information science (IS) is a multidisciplinary field concerned with “facilitating the effective communication of desired information between human generator and human user” (Belkin 1978, 58). IS became established as an academic discipline with the creation of the American Society for Information Science in 1937 (now abbreviated ASIS&T) and the UK...

This paper discusses the Integrated Research Framework for Information Seeking and Retrieval (ISR) originating from (Ingwersen & Järvelin, 2005) by comparing it to the Laboratory Research Framework for IR and two nested models of contexts involved in ISR: that of Kekäläinen & Järvelin (2002), based on work task activities, and the model by Ingwerse...

The article reports on the mid-term and final scientometric evaluations of the Danish Strategic Environmental Research Program (SMP), which consisted of 13 virtual research centers from 1993 to 1997, nine of which are studied bibliometrically here. Citations are measured from 1993 to 2002. Central indicators are: center impact factor (CIF), the num...

The paper demonstrates how the Laboratory Research Framework fits into the holistic Cognitive Framework for IR. It first discusses the Laboratory Framework with emphasis on its underlying assumptions and known limitations. This is followed by a view of interaction and relevance phenomena associated with IR evaluation and central to the understan di...

The study presents a comparative analysis between first and all-author co-citation analyses, as well as comparison between two matrix generation approaches. We thus continue the latest research in author co-citation analysis (ACA), where the results of the traditional first-author analyses based on ISI citation indexes are challenged by incorporati...

Var-1 Var-2 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 25% 0.038 0.040 0.045 0.048 0.050 0.049 0.044 0.037 0.031 50% 0.040 0.045 0.049 0.052 0.053 0.051 0.045 0.036 0.031 75% 0.042 0.047 0.052 0.054 0.055 0.051 0.045 0.036 0.030 Significant differences, Var-1: 16, 32, 64, 128 > 256, 512 and 16, 32, 64 > 2. Significant differences, Var-2: none. (p = 0.05, Friedman...

The principle of polyrepresentation offers a theoretical framework for handling multiple contexts in Information Retrieval (IR). This paper presents an empirical study of polyrepresentation of the information space with focus on inter and intra-document features. The Cystic Fibrosis test collection indexed in a best match system constitutes the exp...

The polyrepresentation principle suggests that cognitively and functionally different representations of information objects may be used in information retrieval to enhance quality of results. In the paper, several empirical studies that intentionally or unintentionally have tested the principle are introduced and discussed. The continuum proposed...

In the past 10 years, webometrics has increased dramatically. Not only is the term used more often, there are more articles and even monographs on the topic, and at least one professor has been appointed in the field. The next step is to face how to merge or federate parts of the open Web, dedicated scientific Web segments, like Google Scholar and...

IR research is now conducted in multi-media, multi-lingual, and multi-modal environments but largely in a context-free manner (Ingwersen & Jäärvelin, 2005). However, the retrieval of such information depends on time, place, history of interaction, task in hand, and a range of other factors that are not given explicitly but are implicit in the inter...

L'A. retrace sa carriere de scientifique de l'information, depuis sa sortie de la Royal School of Librarianship a Copenhague en 1973. Il evoque notamment ses travaux sur les systemes d'information et la recherche d'information interactive, ainsi que ses recherches en bibliometrie et scientometrie.

The cognitive information concept is outlined and discussed in relation to selected central conceptions associated to Library and Information Science (LIS). The paper discusses the implication of the conception to information acquisition, both in a narrow information seeking and retrieval sense as well as in more general terms concerned with daily...

The principle of polyrepresentation is a coherent and comprehensive cognitive framework that can be applied simultaneously to the cognitive space of the user and the information space of IR systems. The principle has the potential to guide the design of interactive IR systems that take full advantage of the available document representations and us...

The contribution defines webometrics within the framework of informetric studies, bibliometrics, and scientometrics as belonging to library and information science, and associated with cybermetrics as a generic sub-field. It outlines a consistent and detailed link typology and terminology and makes explicit the distinction between the web node leve...

T The Turn analyzes the research of information seeking and retrieval (IS&R) and proposes a new direction of integrating research in these two areas: the fields should turn off their separate and narrow paths and construct a new avenue of research. An essential direction for this avenue is context as given in the subtitle Integration of Information...

Because of the increasing presence of scientific publica- tions on the Web, combined with the existing difficulties in easily verifying and retrieving these publications, re- search on techniques and methods for retrieval of scien- tific Web publications is called for. In this article, we report on the initial steps taken toward the construction of...

There is a growing realisation that relevant information will be accessible increasingly across media and genres, across languages and across modalities. The retrieval of such information will depend on time, place, history of interaction, task in hand, and a range of other factors that are not given explicitly but are implicit in the interaction a...

In this article, we define webometrics within the framework of informetric studies and bibliometrics, as belonging to library and information science, and as associated with cybermetrics as a generic subfield. We develop a consistent and detailed link typology and terminology and make explicit the distinction among different Web node levels when us...

Introduction: Our objective was to investigate the coverage of Danish health sciences research in the Science Citation Index (SCI) on both the journal and article levels. In addition, we estimated the coverage of country-based analyses for the domain-specific databases MEDLINE and EMBASE. Further, international collaboration in the health sciences...

We wished to assess the development in number and impact of publications in anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine from 1981 to 2000 in the four Scandinavian countries: Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Denmark. For comparison, we also analyzed data from the UK and the Netherlands. Publication and citation data from 1981 to 2000 were gathered from...

The paper is a bibliometric study of the publication and citation patterns and impact of South African research 1981–2000 in five selected research fields: Animal & Plant sciences; Chemistry; Biochemistry; Microbiology & molecular biology, including genetics; and Physics, excluding Space science. Data are collected from Science Citation Index via t...

Introduction: This paper compares the scientific production and the bibliometric quality of candidates receiving a PhD degree or a doctoral degree (DMSci) from a Danish medical faculty during the period 1995-1997. Material and methods: Using Medline and Science Citation Index Expanded, the number of publications and citations for the two types of d...

This paper discusses the research into information seeking and its directions at a general level. We approach this topic by analysis and argumentation based on past research in the domain. We begin by presenting a general model of information seeking and retrieval which is used to derive nine broad dimensions that are needed to analyze information...