Peter Hollander

Peter Hollander
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam | VU · Faculty of Human Movement Sciences

Ph.D.

About

95
Publications
44,496
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5,638
Citations
Additional affiliations
September 1971 - October 2007
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Position
  • Professor (Full)

Publications

Publications (95)
Article
Introduction: The American College of Sports Medicine prescribes regular performance of at least moderate-intensity physical activity for healthy aging. This study examined whether 1 session of 30 min of chair-assisted exercises for the elderly meets this intensity criterion. Method: This cross-sectional study included 47 cognitively healthy vol...
Article
INTRODUCTION: The American College of Sports Medicine prescribes regular performance of at least moderate intensity physical activity for healthy aging. This study examines whether one session of 30 minutes of chair-assisted exercises for elderly meets this intensity criterion. METHOD: This cross-sectional study included 47 cognitive healthy volunt...
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Full-text available
Descriptive study. To examine the individual heart rate-oxygen uptake (HR-VO(2)) relationship during exercise in persons with tetraplegia (TP). Rehabilitation Centre Heliomare, Wijk aan Zee, The Netherlands. The HR-VO(2) relationship was determined in untrained subjects with motor complete TP (C5 or C6, n=10 and C7 or C8, n=10) during a discontinuo...
Article
To determine whether walking with a rollator by persons 75 years of age or older is of sufficient intensity to improve aerobic fitness. A cross-sectional cohort study. University movement laboratory. Fifteen subjects 75 years of age or older (mean age, 83.7 y) who could only walk by using a rollator. Not applicable. During 6 minutes of self-paced t...
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This study evaluates the effects of training with noninvasive ventilatory support in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a randomised, controlled, observer-blinded trial. Twenty-nine patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and with a ventilatory limited exercise capacity (forced expiratory volume in one second <60% pr...
Article
To investigate the consequence of task complexity on gross mechanical efficiency and propulsion technique during the learning process of hand rim wheelchair propulsion. Three groups of unimpaired subjects (N=10 each) received a 3-week wheelchair practice period (3 week(-1), nine practice trials) with different levels of complexity, i.e. propelling...
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The objective of the present study was to evaluate a comprehensive set of urinary biomarkers for oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA, in man. Eighteen moderately trained males (mean age 24.6+/-0.7) exercised 60min at 70% of maximal O2 uptake on a cycle ergometer. Urine fractions for 12 h were collected 1 day before, and for 3 consecutive d...
Article
To investigate the effect of different wheelchair stroke patterns on efficiency and propulsion technique (force application and timing). Inexperienced, able-bodied subjects were randomly divided into two velocity groups (1.11 m/sec [n = 13] and 1.39 m/sec [n = 11]). An external (medium) load was set at 0.23 N/kg. Subjects performed four 4-min exerc...
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The purpose of this study was to compare quadriceps muscle strength (maximal voluntary contraction, MVC), endurance (T(LIM)), and dynamic work capacity (W(LIM)) in 89 patients (57 men and 32 women) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to 31 healthy controls (20 men and 11 women). Compared with the healthy subjects, COPD patients demons...
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute effects of inspiratory pressure support (IPS) of 5 cmH 2 O (IPS 5 ) and 10 cmH 2 O (IPS 10 ) on exercise endurance. Forty-five patients with COPD (mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 )=39±14% pred) performed three constant-load endurance tests on a cycle ergometer at 75% of maxim...
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether 11 weeks of whole body vibration (WBV) training applied in a way that is commonly seen in practice, i.e. without additional loads, would improve muscle activation and/or contractile properties of the knee extensor muscles and counter movement jump height in healthy subjects. Ten subjects b...
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Whole-Body vibration (WBV) may lead to muscle contractions via reflex activation of the primary muscle spindle (Ia) fibres. WBV has been reported to increase muscle power in the short term by improved muscle activation. The present study set out to investigate the acute effects of a standard WBV training session on voluntary activation during maxim...
Article
The purpose of this study was to analyze adaptations in gross mechanical efficiency and wheelchair propulsion technique in novice able-bodied subjects during the initial phase of learning hand-rim wheelchair propulsion. Nine able-bodied subjects performed three 4-min practice blocks on a wheelchair ergometer. The external power output and velocity...
Article
The purpose of this study was to analyse adaptations in kinematics and muscle activity/co-contraction in novice able-bodied subjects during the initial phase of learning hand rim wheelchair propulsion. Nine able-bodied subjects performed three 4-min practice blocks on a wheelchair ergometer. The external power output and velocity were constant for...
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Delta (delta) efficiency is defined as the ratio of an increment in the external mechanical power output to the increase in metabolic power required to produce it. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether differences in leg muscle activity between running and cycling can explain the observed difference in delta efficiency between...
Article
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether eleven weeks of Whole Body Vibration (WBV) training would improve the contractile properties of the quadriceps femoris muscles in both legs, and the counter movement jump height. Ten subjects in the experimental group (exp) trained three times a week and stood barefoot for five to eight minutes,...
Article
Differences in gross mechanical efficiency between experienced and inexperienced wheelchair users may be brought about by differences in propulsion technique. The purpose of this experiment was to study changes in propulsion technique (defined by force application, left-right symmetry, intercycle variability, and timing) and gross mechanical effici...
Article
Investigation of the effect of visual feedback on effective hand rim wheelchair force production and the subsequent effect on gross mechanical efficiency. Ten subjects in an experimental group and 10 subjects in a control group practised three weeks (3.wk(-1), i.e., a pre-test and 8 trials) on a computer-controlled wheelchair ergometer. Every trial...
Article
The purpose of the present study was to compare delta efficiencies of running with cycling, while several factors that can possibly influence delta efficiency were excluded. Twelve subjects performed a submaximal running and cycling test on subsequent days. Delta efficiencies of running and cycling were compared at equal metabolic intensities. Furt...
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In this study the validity of using heart rate (HR) responses to estimate oxygen uptake (VO2) during varying non-steady state activities was investigated. Dynamic and static exercise engaging large and small muscle masses were studied in four different experiments. In the first experiment, 16 subjects performed an interval test on a cycle ergometer...
Article
The purpose of this study was to determine the primary factors causing the differential oxygen uptake (VO2) response at submaximal intensities between one-legged and two-legged exercise, and whether peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) increases in proportion to the increase in active muscle mass. Two different types of exercise were used for this experime...
Article
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of rehabilitation on physical capacity, mechanical efficiency of manual wheelchair propulsion, and performance of standardized activities of daily living (ADL). Nineteen recently injured subjects with spinal cord injuries were tested on a wheelchair ergometer (maximal isometric strength,...
Article
The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in physical capacity and performance of activities of daily living (ADL) during the postrehabilitation period of persons with spinal cord injuries and to determine the factors explaining the changes in physical capacity. Nine subjects with tetraplegia and 11 subjects with paraplegia were measured...
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Full-text available
To evaluate the propulsive forces in front crawl arm swimming, derived from a three-dimensional kinematic analysis, these values were compared with mean drag forces. The propulsive forces during front crawl swimming using the arms only were calculated using three-dimensional kinematic analysis combined with lift and drag coefficients obtained in fl...
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To investigate changes in lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) during the first 2 years post-injury, and to determine whether changes in risk profiles were associated with sport activity and/or changes in physical capacity parameters. Risk profiles and physical capacity were investigated in 19 subj...
Article
The purpose of this study was to study the effects of a 7-wk wheelchair training program on physical work capacity in able-bodied subjects. Effects of training intensities of 50 and 70% heart rate (HR) reserve (HRR) were studied for different subject groups. Twenty-seven able-bodied male subjects participated in this study. They were randomly divid...
Article
The objective of this study was to investigate effectiveness of force application, the ratio power output/energy expenditure, and timing parameters of wheelchair propulsion in persons with tetraplegia (TP, n=17) and paraplegia (PP, n=12), at two different intensity conditions. All subjects performed a maximal exercise test on a wheelchair ergometer...
Article
Competitive pool swimming events range in distance from 50 to 1500 m. Given the difference in performance times (+/- 23-1000 s), the contribution of the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems changes considerably with race distance. In training practice the regression line between swimming distance and time (Distance = critical velocity x time + anae...
Article
Forces in human swimming consist of two components, a drag force and a lift force. The lift force is assumed to be beneficial because of the relative small energy loss to the water. This energy loss can be quantified by determining the propelling efficiency, ep (defined as the ratio of the useful power to the total power output). The first purpose...
Article
To compare the lipid and (apo-)lipoprotein profile and blood pressure of men with long-standing spinal cord injuries (SCI) to those of an age-matched able-bodied (AB) population, and to assess the most important determinants of this profile and blood pressure. A cross-sectional study of persons with chronic SCI residing in the community. Tests were...
Article
Two graded exercise tests on a cycle ergometer were examined in regard to their predictability of the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) based upon the deflection points (Dp) in the heart rate curves. The "constant duration" test (DUR-test) was based upon data from a previous maximal test. The "constant distance" test (DIS-test) was based upon the subjec...
Article
To determine longitudinal changes in physical capacity and physical strain during activities of daily living (ADL), 37 men with spinal cord injuries (C4/5-L5) performed an exercise test and various ADL on two occasions (T1 and T2; interval 34.5 +/- 1.5 months). Parameters of physical capacity were aerobic power (VO(2peak)) and maximal power output...
Article
Forces acting on the forearm and hand during swimming can be decomposed into drag forces and lift forces. In this study drag and lift forces were measured on two models of a human hand and forearm when towed in a towing tank. To compare the results of models with different size at different velocities force data were normalized to drag and lift coe...
Article
An analysis of the mechanics and energetics of swimming reveals that different factors play key roles in success in competitive swimming events. Knowledge of these performance factors will help the development of optimal training programmes, especially when their relative importance can be identified. One approach to doing this is to evaluate the e...
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Full-text available
To describe physical strain during activities of daily living (ADL), 44 men with spinal cord injuries (C4-L5) performed a set of standardised tasks. The physical strain was defined as the highest heart rate response expressed as a percentage of the individual heart rate reserve (%HRR). The physical strain averaged over the subjects who performed al...
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In the 1930s, two scientists from different disciplines were concerned with why dolphins can swim so quickly. They agreed that the performance measured in horsepower should be the criterion for their approach. It was clear to both that oxygen intake has a decisive role in the metabolic energy supply in the organism (determines the total power) as w...
Article
An analysis of the mechanics and energetics of swimming reveals that different factors play key roles in success in competitive swimming events. Knowledge of these performance factors will help the development of optimal training programmes, especially when their relative importance can be identified. One approach to doing this is to evaluate the e...
Article
Forty-three men (age 33 +/- 9 yr) with spinal cord injuries (SCI) were observed during a normal workday while heart rate was recorded continuously. Physical strain was estimated using the heart rate response expressed relative to the individual heart rate reserve (%HRR). The mean physical strain during the day for group I (C4-C8, N = 9), II (T1-T5,...
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Full-text available
The reliability of heart rate responses to non-steady-state tasks among 37 men with spinal cord injuries (lesion level: C4/5-L5) was examined with a simple heart rate recording device (Sport Tester PE3000). Three identical trials of 6 different transfers and an 8-cm curb ascent were performed on one day (Trial 1 and 2; n = 37) and one week later (T...
Article
The reliability of heart rate responses to non-steady-state tasks among 37 men with spinal cord injuries (lesion level: C4/5-L5) was examined with a simple heart rate recording device (Sport Tester PE3000). Three identical trials of 6 different transfers and an 8-cm curb ascent were performed on one day (Trial 1 and 2; n = 37) and one week later (T...
Article
This study investigated in rather specific wheelchair tests the relationships among estimates of isometric upper-body strength (Fiso), sprint power (P30), aerobic power (VO2peak), and maximal power output (POaer) in a group of 44 men (age 34 +/- 12 yr) with longstanding spinal cord injuries ranging from C4/C5 to L5. Fiso was defined as the maximum...
Article
Six male subjects with spinal cord injuries (SCI) participated in this investigation to compare peak values of oxygen uptake (\(\dot V\)O2). heart rate (f c), ventilation (\(\dot V\) E), respiratory exchange ratio (R) and power output (W) obtained using a discontinuous (DP) and a continuous jump max protocol (JMP) in a maximal wheelchair exercise t...
Article
The surgical treatment of osteosarcoma with a tibial rotationplasty seems to offer functional advantages in comparison with an above-knee amputation. It has not been established whether the functional advantages are accompanied by a lower rate of energy expenditure during walking. In children with a tibial rotationplasty (n = 15), an above-knee amp...
Article
The influence of maximum exercise has been studied in 10 patients with primary fibromyalgia syndrome (PFS) and 10 healthy sedentary control persons. The exercise consisted of a bicycle ergometertest and a steptest, both till exhaustion. In both tests, the mean maximum workload of the PFS patients was lower than that of the controls. Significantly l...
Article
In this study the gross efficiency of swimming was determined in a group of male (N = 6) and female (N = 4) competitive swimmers. The gross efficiency is defined as the ratio of the power output (W) to the power input (W). In a range of swimming velocities (0.95-1.6 m.s-1), the power input (rate of energy expenditure, 445-1137 W) was calculated fro...
Article
In the present study active and passive drag was measured in 12 male High school swimmers. The active drag was measured on the MAD-system. The passive drag was measured during towing in a prone position in a Swimming treadmill. The passive drag was measured using the force transducer of the MAD-system. The active drag at 1.5 m/s ranged from 50-75 N...
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Full-text available
In this study the propelling efficiency (ep) of front-crawl swimming, by use of the arms only, was calculated in four subjects. This is the ratio of the power used to overcome drag (Pd) to the total mechanical power (Po) produced including power wasted in changing the kinetic energy of masses of water (Pk). By the use of an extended version of the...
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Full-text available
The improvement of electromyographic (EMG) devices for the detection of electric potentials produced in voluntary complex movements and the evolution of methodological approaches to data acquisition and computerized analysis of patterns, are responsible for the increased applications of EMG in bioengineering, rehabilitation, sport and occupational...
Article
Eight wheelchair sportsmen conducted eight wheelchair exercise tests on a treadmill. Two workload strategies were followed: strategy 1--increments in speed at a constant slope and strategy 2--increments in slope at constant velocity. Thus, data on cardio-respiratory and propulsion technique parameters were obtained on two identical series of 16 spe...
Article
Propulsive arm forces of 32 male and 9 female swimmers were measured during front crawl swimming using arms only, in a velocity range between 1.0 m s-1 and 1.8 m s-1. At constant velocity, the measured mean propulsive force Fp equals the mean active drag force (Fd). It was found that Fd is related to the swimming velocity v raised to the power 2.12...
Article
The effect of muscle dimensions on economy (force-time integral divided by the amount of energy utilized) was investigated in male rats (body mass range 95-490 g), anaesthetized with pentobarbital. The medial gastrocnemius muscle in situ performed 6 maximal isometric contractions of 350 ms duration (1.s-1) at twitch optimum length at 35 degrees C....
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Full-text available
Two well-trained speed-skaters were subjected to a biomechanical analysis incorporating push-off forces, cinematographic data, and link segment modeling. To gain knowledge on the backgrounds on technique and performance in speed-skating, the muscle coordination was studied by EMG and muscle contraction velocities. In speed-skating during the push-o...
Article
Fourteen well-trained speed skaters performed all-out exercise tests during ice speed skating, low walking (walking-like movement in skating position), and dry skating (side to side deep sitting push-offs). These dry land training activities, widely used by speed skaters during the summer period, are compared to speed skating in relation to the con...
Article
Propulsive arm forces of twelve elite male swimmers during a front crawl swimming-like activity were measured. The swimmers pushed off against grips which are attached to a 23 m tube at 0.8 m under the water surface. The tube was fixed to a force transducer. Since at constant speed, mean propulsive force equals mean drag force this method also prov...
Article
A fast (0.1 mm steps within 2 ms), strong (40 N continuously) and accurate (resolution 0.002 N and 1.0 micron) muscle ergometer was developed to test dynamic and static properties of mammalian muscle. Both for twitches and for tetani isometric, isokinetic and isotonic contractions can be measured accurately. Force-velocity data and time to peak-for...
Article
A detailed description of a respiratory valve to measure oxygen uptake while swimming is given. The effect on body drag of the addition of this equipment was measured in four subjects swimming over a range of speeds (0.9–1.9 m s−1). The respiratory valve has a low airflow resistance (29 Pa at an airflow of 81 · s−1) and a small deadspace (30 ml)....
Article
Speed skating exercise can be better understood by taking account of physiological and biomechanical considerations. Comparison with other sports shows the unique and peculiar way of skating propulsion. The relatively long lasting isometric muscle contractions during the gliding phase, alternated with high power output push-offs, place unusual dema...
Article
Two hand rim propelled wheelchairs, a daily-use (active) wheelchair (R) and a marathon sports wheelchair (S), were compared to a three-wheeled crank (C) and a (synchronic) lever (L) propelled wheelchair. All wheelchairs were analysed with respect to cardio-respiratory parameters ([Vdot]E, [Vdot]O2, HR, RER), power output and gross mechanical effici...
Article
In this study 11 subjects performed exercise resulting in delayed onset muscular soreness in m. gastrocnemius with one leg, the experimental leg. The other leg served as control. Pre-exercise and 24, 48 and 72 h postexercise, soreness perception, resting EMG level of m. gastrocnemius, and volume and skin temperature of both legs were measured, and...
Article
In order to measure active drag during front crawl swimming a system has been designed, built and tested. A tube (23 m long) with grips is fixed under the water surface and the swimmer crawls on this. At one end of the tube, a force transducer is attached to the wall of the swimming pool. It measures the momentary effective propulsive forces of the...
Article
Five elite speed skaters and fourteen well trained skaters of a lower performance level performed three maximal tests: a 3,000 m race from which the skating position and the stroke frequency were derived, an oxygen consumption test both during skating and during a bicycle ergometer test. From all subjects anthropometric measures were taken. The eli...
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Full-text available
We studied nine freshmen and 14 senior oarsmen undergraduates during seven months of training and compared them with 17 age and sex-matched sedentary control subjects in order to assess the influence of heavy physical exercise on cardiac dimensions and maximal oxygen uptake. Standard M-mode echocardiographic techniques were used. At the start of th...
Article
To study the influence of weight carrying on the cardiorespiratory system during dynamic exercise (walking) four conditions, i.e., rest, and treadmill exercise at 25, 50, and 75% of the individual VO2max, were combined with weight carrying of 10, 20, and 30 kg. In all experiments oxygen uptake, heart rate and pulmonary ventilation were measured. Fo...
Article
Resistance of jaw muscles to fatigue during short repetitive maximal clenching efforts was compared with resistance to fatigue in other muscle groups. Three volunteers were examined for maximal clenching force, handgrip and arm-flexor forces during isometric contractions. For the latter two muscle groups, a typical decrease in the developed force d...
Article
The shortening of the R-R interval in response to voluntary and electrically induced isometric muscle contractions of short duration was investigated in 15 volunteers. In some of those experiments the effect of vagal blockade was also studied. The results show: 1) a lag time between the start of the contraction and the following decrease in R-R int...
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Full-text available
RESUME Le but de cette étude était de déterminer la tension cardio-vasculaire au cours d'activités quotidiennes d'un groupe de 50 paraplégiques masculins. La fréquence cardiaque des sujets était mésusée et les activités étaient observées au cours d'une journée normale à la maison, au travail ou autre part. Les résultats préliminaires indiquent qu'a...
Article
Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium of Biomechanics in Swimming and the Fifth International Congress on Swimming Medicine held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 21-25, 1982"--Half t.p.

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