Peter John Hogarth

The University of York · Department of Biology

Recent observations of unusual mass stranding and mortality of two Indian Ocean crustacean species, the swimming crab Charybdis smithii and the mantis shrimp Natosquilla investigatoris , are documented and analysed. Strandings of C. smithii were observed for the first time in the equatorial Indian Ocean, the main area of its pelagic distribution. S...

Summary: A great diversity of organisms modify the physical structure of estuarine and coastal environments. These physical ecosystem engineers – particularly, dune and marsh plants, mangroves, seagrasses, kelps, reef-forming corals and bivalves, burrowing crustaceans and infauna – often have substantive functional impacts over large areas and acro...

Ectopic implantation of Xiphophorus causes the accelerated rejection of subsequent grafts of antigenically similar adult tissues; conversely, prior transplantation of adult tissues causes the accelerated rejection of subsequent grafts of related embryos. Xiphophorus embryos carry adult histocompatibility antigens before birth; the failure of the em...

The Department of Biology at the University of York distributes a leaflet in response to enquiries and to all applicants. It gives a comprehensive account of the courses on offer and, to a lesser extent, the teaching to be expected. It is essentially factual and substantially free of hyperbolic adjectives. Although the students viewed it as general...

MAURAKIS ,E. G., G RIMES ,D. V., M CGOVERN ,L. &H OGARTH ,P. J., Oc- currence of Potamon species (Decapoda, Brachyura) relative to lotic stream factors in Greece. Biologia, Bratislava, 59: 173|179, 2004; ISSN 0006-3088. This paper shows the current distributions of species of Potamon in Greece, and evaluates the eects of stream order and distance f...

MAURAKIS, E. G., GRIMES, D. V., MCGOVERN, L. & HOGARTH, P. J., Occurrence of Potamon species (Decapoda, Brachyura) relative to lotic stream factors in Greece. Biologia, Bratislava, 59: 173|179, 2004; ISSN 0006-3088. This paper shows the current distributions of species of Potamon in Greece, and evaluates the effects of stream order and distance fro...

Brachyuran crab community structure was compared between mangrove sites under different management systems from four locations along the Melaka Straits-Andaman Sea Coast. Klong Ngao, a mangrove estuary in Ranong Province of southern Thailand, lies within a Biosphere Reserve designated in 1997. Sites were positioned in plantations at a former charco...

Baseline ecological studies of pristine mangroves are important for monitoring, management and conservation of mangrove ecosystems. Diversity, density, biomass and community structure of crab and molluscan macrofauna were studied in a near-pristine mangrove forest in Sematan, Sarawak. In each of the nine 100-m2 plots, six 15-min catching periods we...

Khor Kalba and adjacent associated coastal (littoral) zone habitats of beach, halophytic scrubland and flats to the South of Kalba town and East of the Kalba to Oman highway, covers an area of approximately 12 km2. The total water catchment area of Wadi Rumh, the principal wadi flowing into the khor, albeit intermittently, covers an area of over 100...

Mangroves are a group of trees and shrubs, mostly evergreen, which have convergently evolved physiological and morphological adaptations to shallow intertidal environments. These are mostly composed of soft sediment, in which other vascular plants are rare. Mangroves are almost exclusively tropical in distribution and often dominate large areas of...

The author attempts to solve the mystery of the legend of the Borametz, or Vegetable Lamb of Tartary, which has been current in Europe since the 14th century. Despite the fact that cotton was known in the West by this time, little was understood of its origins, cultivation, and processing to obtain the textile. Travellers' tales and botanical wande...

Decomposition of Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Bruguiera parviflora and Sonneratia alba leaves was studied in situ using litter bags in both Cleared and Virgin Jungle Reserve (VJR) mangrove forests in Peninsular Malaysia. A single exponential model best described the rate of decomposition for each species. All leaf species decomposed...

This study examines Fluctuating Asymmetry (FA) in the isopod Crustacean Asellus aquaticus (Linn.). FA occurs in bilaterally symmetrical traits not closely related to survival or fecundity and is the presence of small random deviations from perfect symmetry caused by environmental or genetic stress. These stresses perturb the developmental programme...

In a collection of hermit crabs from supralittoral, intertidal, and subtidal areas of the Maldive archipelago (latitudes 7°0′N and 0°4′S, longitudes 72°30′ and 73°40′E), 27 species were found, belonging to the genera Coenobita Latreille 1829 (family Coenobitidae), Calcinus Dana 1851, Ciliopagurus Forest 1995, Clibanarius Dana 1852, Dardanus Paul'so...

Panulirus penicillatus (Olivier 1791), although widely distributed and locally abundant, is a relatively little known species of spiny lobster. Lobsters (n = 355) were caught by trapping in the Saudi Red Sea between Port Sharma and Yanbu. For a subsample of 60 of these, measurements were made of carapace length (CL), length of 2nd and 3rd pereiopod...

Thirty-eight species of xanthoid crab are recorded for the first time from Dhofar Province, southern Oman. The geographical range of three species [Nanocassiope alcocki (Rathbun 1902), Actumnus digitalis (Rathbun 1907), and Macromedaeus crassimanus (A. Milne Edwards 1867)] is substantially extended. The pattern of xanthoid species diversity is disc...

Anomura (Crustacea, Decapoda) are described from 5 collection sites in Dhofar (southern Oman) and from near Muscat (northern Oman). These consist of the following: Paguridea: Aniculus erythraeus, Calcinus (3 species), Cestopagurus coutieri, Clibanarius (3 species), Dardanus (5 species), Diogenes (2 species), Paguristes (2 species) and Coenobita sca...

Surveys of the mangal along the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia form the basis of this study. Both soft-bottomed mangals and the less well known hard-bottomed mangals are represented. The distribution of Avicennia marina, the dominant mangrove species, is discontinuous in the northern part of the Red Sea. Its development increases southwards, and mea...

The Shore Crab (Carcinus maenas) is an excellent subject for school study, both in the field and the laboratory. It is easily collected and maintained and can be used for a wide range of investigations. Some background details are given and possible areas of investigation suggested.

Although mammalian fetuses are generally capable of antibody synthesis well before birth, little antibody is in fact produced. This is doubtless due partly to depression of the immune response by various immuno suppressive measures (p. 134). However, it stems also from the fact that the fetus is protected from exposure to foreign antigens (other th...

If a mouse is injected subcutaneously with a suspension of appropriate bacteria, two outcomes are possible. Either the mouse falls ill and succumbs to the infection within a few days, or it recovers. In the latter case, it is usually found to be resistant to any subsequent attempts at reinfection with the same type of bacterium; it has become immun...

The processes of reproduction normally proceed satisfactorily despite the immune system. Some forms of human infertility, nevertheless, do result from immune responses; these are discussed in sections 3.5 and 4.4. Male infertility can be caused by autoimmunity against spermatozoal or other seminal antigens, and female infertility by a woman’s respo...

Before considering the immune capability of the female reproductive system, it is as well briefly to summarize the relevant anatomy and physiology of reproduction in female mammals. Figure 4.1 illustrates the structure of the female genital tract in two representative species of mammal.

Probably the only way to make the complexities of the immunological relations between semen and the female genital tract seem, by comparison, relatively simple and straightforward is to consider the nature of the immunological relationship between mother and conceptus. This was touched on briefly in Chapter 1, and must now be considered in more det...

THE FETUS IS ANTIGENIC, THE MOTHER IS IMMUNOLOGICALLY RESPONSIVE while pregnant, and responses to her fetus are not blocked by a simple placental barrier keeping asunder what conception has brought together. Fetal survival cannot therefore be explained by a failure of the mother to recognize her pregnancy. A variety of evidence (some of it already...

The male reproductive system of a representative mammal is shown diagrammatically in Figure 3.1. The bulk of each testis consists of a convoluted mass of fine tubules of seminiferous epithelium, within which spermatozoa are produced.

The response to varying densities of prey was investigated by presenting predators (four human volunteers and a lizard, Lacerta lepida Daudin), in an arena, with from 5 to 120 fifth instar phase gregaria nymphs of the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forskål). The activity of the nymphs was also varied by varying the feeding and temperature con...

Juvenile shore crabs (Carcinus meanas L.) are highly variable with respect to carapace pattern; young crabs often have conspicuous patches of white or other pigment. Adult crabs, in contrast, are drab and usually very similar in pattern. It is probable that the patterns serve to make young crabs cryptic on certain backgrounds. Juvenile crabs of car...

A single injection of 20 μg chlorpromazine/g body weight given on days 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 resulted in greater testis and seminal vesicle weight, and a general increase in spermatogenesis assessed at 30 days of age. A considerably greater effect was obtained when the injection was given on day 7 compared with injection on any other day.

Advanced embryos of the viviparous poeciliid fish Xiphophorus hellerii (swordtail) were removed from the site of gestation within the ovary and re-implanted into the peritoneal cavities of unrelated immunologically competent adults of the same species. Most of those transplanted with intact fertilization membranes were normal in appearance, and man...

Résumé On a retenu des spermatozoïdes pendant quelques mois dans l'ovarie des femelles du poisson téléostéen viviparePoecilia. L'aspect immunologique de cette situation a été étudié pour savoir si les spermatozoïdes sont antigéniques. Le sérum des poissons traités par des injections de spermatozoïdes en suspension immobilise les spermatozoïdes acti...

Allografts within the ovary are rejected as rapidly as those made elsewhere; the Xiphophorus ovary is thus not a favoured site for allograft survival because of high gonadal hormone levels. Removal of one embryo of a brood from the ovary and its reimplantation elsewhere does not affect the development of the remaining members of the brood. Immune r...

A report on the hermit crabs collected during the Netherlands Seychelles Expedition, 1992-1993, supplemented by materials collected for Enterprise Oil and examined by one of the authors. Twentyseven species, representing three families, are recognized, including one new genus and four new species.

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