Peter Hines

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• Master of Arts, Geography, Cambidge University, 1984
• Visiting Professor at South East Technological University

The application of lean thinking has made a significant impact both in academic and industrial circles over the last decade. Fostered by a rapid spread into many other industry sectors beyond the automotive industry, there has been a significant development and "localisation" of the lean concept. Despite successful "lean" applications in a range of...

Little has been written about new product and packaging development processes within the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry. While often taking on the status of apocryphical folklore, branded FMCG product development failure rates as high as 90%–95% have appeared in the popular and consultancy press. However, no rigorous study has addressed...

Many academic articles have been published in the past 20 years promoting the Lean approach in manufacturing and in service industries. Very little attention has been paid to the possibility of applying Lean Thinking to the academic institutions that these articles stem from. This article explains why the application of Lean in universities is a go...

The European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) is a European framework and the most commonly used excellence Model in European countries, including Portugal, even though the Shingo Model has been growing in scope and is increasingly also being implemented, especially in European countries. Both are excellence Models created under different f...

Lean methodologies have been implemented in various sectors, helping to improve the overall efficiency and performance of organisations. The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between Lean and occupational safety and its impact on people’s behaviour. To this end, a survey was developed and a statistical study carried out. The s...

This special issue addresses the Shingo Model, its Principles, application in industry and the challenge for the Shingo Prize. The Model, in its current format, dates from 2008 and the Prize originated in 1988 and is regarded by the Shingo Institute as the world’s highest standard for organisational excellence (Shingo Institute, 2021) having been n...

Purpose This article seeks to explore the key motivational factors driving Generation Z (Gen Z), within the context of the significant influence of the digital paradigm, employing the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as a content motivational framework. Design/methodology/approach Utilizing an abductive methodology, the study combines deductive ins...

Purpose This paper aims to investigate how implementing lean six sigma and Industry 4.0 (LSSI4.0) can influence a company’s financial performance and discusses the current trend involving LSSI4.0 in China. Design/methodology/approach For statistical analysis, financial data was sourced from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research database....

Purpose - Implementation of Lean methodologies in the Charity sector is still an underdeveloped topic with little literature. The purpose of this research is to gain a deeper understanding of the challenges and benefits of implementing Lean in this sector, by responding to the areas of interest and difficulties experienced by a focus group and an e...

In the competitive world we are facing, organizations strive to achieve excellence. To this end, organizations must also ensure the safety, health and well-being of their employees. The EFQM and the Shingo models are globally recognized excellence models that help organizations to enhance their performance. In view of the above, the need arose to s...

Kaizen events are an important part of lean programmes. Traditionally these events bring together a small team to work together over a 3-to-5-day period with a facilitator. This paper explores how these events can be run remotely. We ask: What are the impacts and challenges posed by COVID-19 on kaizen events? What would you need to change in their...

Driven by the digital transformation currently pursued by organizations, artificial intelligence (AI) applications have become more frequent. Nevertheless, its impact on employees’ behaviors and attitudes is still poorly known. As employees’ engagement (EE) is a key element for a successful Lean Production (LP) implementation, there is the need to...

This paper sets out to investigate the microfoundations of lean leadership. To do so, we explore the Japanese philosophical concepts of Monozukuri, Hitozukuri, and Kotozukuri, representing that passion and craftsmanship for making things, developing people, and making things happen. The paper delves into how to foster lean leadership as a pivotal s...

The authors discuss how lean can be used to better understand the employee experience in a lean organisation and trigger a self-development capability in employees. They present the People Value Stream as a continuous improvement process to better understand the employee experience in a lean organisation, and discuss how it triggers self-developmen...

p>The aim of this paper is to consider the mental and physical wellbeing of employees through a lean-inspired People Value Stream lens. Poor wellbeing is a major cause of reduced productivity for organisations and a drain on healthcare services. We develop a conceptual approach as to how the inter‐related spheres of mental and physical health might...

This paper investigates the impact of social media utilization on problem-solving routines in organizations undergoing Lean Production (LP) implementation. A multi-case study was conducted in three firms from different sectors with distinct maturity levels of LP implementation. Empirical evidence was collected through complementary ways, such as se...

This paper employs a real-time, open-question qualitative survey method to investigate the past, present, and future of the Lean Industry 4.0 field. A major trend is found in researchers moving from technological backgrounds such as engineering, or other STEM subjects, into more socio-technical departments and developing interests in wider areas su...

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between organisational culture (OC) profiles and the adoption of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) design principles. We surveyed 153 middle and senior managers from Brazil and India, whose manufacturing companies have been implementing I4.0. Participants provided answers regarding the perceived OC characteristics t...

This paper employs a real-time, open-question qualitative survey method to investigate the past, present, and future of the Lean Industry 4.0 field. A major trend is found in researchers moving from technological backgrounds such as engineering, or other STEM subjects, into more socio-technical departments and developing interests in wider areas su...

The recent and large number of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) publications, along with various levels of maturity in practical implementations, make it prone to myths. The objective of this paper is two-fold. First, we aimed at identifying the myths and facts related to I4.0 implementation. Second, we examined their pervasiveness between organisations with di...

Purpose This paper reports exploratory findings about teaching in the metaverse using a virtual reality (VR) platform and head-mounted displays. This paper addresses three research questions: Is the metaverse an appropriate platform for teaching Lean? What are the benefits and problems of this approach over traditional classroom methods? What are t...

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to extend the People Value Stream concept further by developing a view of what the world would look like through the eyes of a positive psychology employee-centred lens. We hope to provide a frame for further discussion, research, and practical application in this area. Design/methodology/approach – In this co...

Key Behavioral Indicators are essential to developing and maturing ideal behaviors that enable any organization to embed a sustainable culture of CI. They can be used across the organization in any area of function. This in-depth case study by Professor Peter Hines and STMicroelectronics explains why KBIs are critical and illustrates their applicat...

Purpose – The focus of Lean has increasingly moved from a tools-based to a systems-based approach with particular emphasis on people. However, a conceptual framework for this is lacking. The People Value Stream concept provides a starting point for further discussion, research, and practical application in this area. Design/methodology/approach –...

Purpose Lean remains popular in a wide range of private and public sectors and continues to attract a significant amount of research. However, most of this research is not grounded in theory. This paper presents and discusses different expert viewpoints on the role of theory in lean research and practice and provides guidelines for future research....

Virtual reality offers an immersive, remote alternative to in-person teaching. We teach a Lean masterclass entirely in real-time virtual reality. By summer 2021, we had taught five masterclasses for 117 senior-level managers from more than 50 leading organisations. In these courses, participants located all over the world can interact with each oth...

Academic literature on Lean Manufacturing (LM) is widely available. However, due to its fragmentation, the contribution of LM from practical and academic perspectives is controversial. This paper establishes the practical implications of LM studies carried out worldwide and identifies novel research streams. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to draw on literature underpinning social support to explore individual level considerations when designing social support systems for academic entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws from literature in the fields of entrepreneurship, organisational support, stress and coping, and conservatio...

Over the last three decades, there has been a vogue in manufacturing, and increasingly in services organisations to implement Lean. However, in many cases these journeys have not been as successful or sustainable as their architects had planned. The question is why have the results been worse than planned and have organisations got their implementa...

Purpose There is convincing evidence that companies need a special form of leadership to succeed with lean transformations. The general advice for lean leaders, however, is often obvious or unrealistic. The purpose of this paper is to propose and discuss specific lean leadership practices for top-managers, middle managers and front-line managers....

Purpose Hospital organisations are currently experiencing significant challenges that have encouraged a move towards a value-based approach to health care. However, such a transition requires understanding the underlying competencies required to enable such a focus. This paper aims to undertake a systematic review of the available literature on man...

Over the last 5 years we have conducted research in over 100 companies worldwide. Of these, around 40 have shown themselves to have, in their different ways, the Essence of Excellence we were looking for. So, what separates the really great from the merely good? The answer lies not in what you see or the tools people use, but in the feel, the pur...

From 2005 to 2011 Abbott Diagnostics Longford’s reagent manufacturing facility was primarily focused on transferring products from its sister site in Chicago and ramping up production. Thereafter, the organisation set about establishing a Lean Framework which would connect its many systems and tools and empower every employee in the organisation to...

This research program involved the benchmarking, verification visit, semi-structured interview and modelling of a group of 8 first tier and 13 second tier Toyota suppliers in Japan together with a similar grouping in the UK. The benchmarking questionnaires were sent to the participating companies approximately one month before a visit was made. The...

Purpose – The lean enterprise model has been adopted in a wide range of industries beyond its origins in the motor industry. To achieve this there has been a considerable extension of the lean concept outside high-volume repetitive manufacture. The purpose of this paper is to present an in-depth study of the application of lean within the British R...

Animal farming exceeds all forms of transport in terms of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Despite the implications of the seriousness of addressing animal farming in relation to mitigating the effects of GHG emissions, to date, the relationship between consumer behaviour and climate change has tended to neglect the role of animal foods. This...

This publication was developed as part of the SUCCESS (SUstainable Channelled Change in Every Scale and Situation) research programme which ran from 2004 to 2008. The programme was part of the Cardiff University Innovative Manufacturing Research Programme (CUIMRC) and has been sponsored by the Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSR...

This article explores how Lean Thinking can be successfully extended into the legal sector, which in most advanced economies is dominated by the public sector. Two public sector cases from Portugal and Wales are discussed. The authors look at where and how implementation of Lean Thinking might start, and the modifications required to do this succes...

Starting from the weaknesses of traditional formal cost accounting systems, this article describes a possible integrative model based on synergies between the Strategic Cost Management approach and some Lean Management tools. This approach has been designed therefore to help enhance the effectiveness of existing costing systems and hence help to pr...

The new found popular interest in sustainable development is highly skewed towards areas that are politically visible, such as transport and in particular the evils of air travel. This situation is mirrored in the academic community with an explosion of articles on sustainable transport (an EBSCO web search yielded 552 academic references to Sustai...

Purpose Supply chain performance is two‐dimensional: efficiency and effectiveness. The purpose of this paper is to further define and explore the demarcation between supply chain effectiveness and supply chain efficiency. Design/methodology/approach A case‐study research method is adopted in this paper. This contribution discusses an approach for...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss a holistic framework for guiding applied research within the field of new product development. This work is a precursor to developing a framework for undertaking lean product lifecycle management (PLM). Design/methodology/approach The research approach taken in this work has been based around theory...

The issues associated with traditional standard costing and transfer pricing systems are well documented. These approaches are particularly problematic within the agrifood industry because of the natural variability of products, market price volatility, poor understanding of production costs and low levels of customer alignment. Continuing competit...

Purpose – To establish learning points on how an alternative to traditional standard costing and inter‐company transfer pricing mechanisms can be developed and implemented for non‐engineered (agrifood) products such as primary farm produce that acts as a catalyst for inter‐firm collaboration as a part of a supply chain‐wide Lean change initiative....

The success of Japanese manufacturing firms over a wide range of product categories is well established; however, one can argue that the success of an individual manufacturing system (such as the excellent Toyota Production System) has not been the causal factor. Rather, it is the thorough and speedy implementation of these systems throughout the c...

Purpose: Lean Thinking has become established within many industries as the de facto operating system. However, there have been suggestions from the academic community that Lean Thinking is narrow in its applicability and is only appropriate for certain high-volume repetitive manufacturing industries. This paper seeks to explore this issue by the a...

Vehicle supply has traditionally been based on forecast-driven production, and a large fraction of cars has been sold from stock—a practice which incurs considerable cost in terms of stock holding and sales incentives. Derived from successes in other industries, the benefits of responsive supply systems capable of providing customized vehicles in s...

Purpose - This conceptual paper addresses the often neglected human aspect of lean implementation, specifically how an organisation can cultivate the appropriate mindset and culture so that employees engage fully in the transition to lean and change improvements are sustained. Design/approach – Individual difference factors (job characteristics, jo...

Recent reviews of the Operations Management research literature have shown a surprising little shift towards empirical methodologies from traditional modeling solution methods. In addition, there is generally a lack of empirical testing and validation of manufacturing strategies. Coupled to this fact is that empirical work is rarely carried out in...

Recent reviews of the ‘operations management’ (OM) research literature have shown a surprising little shift towards empirical methodologies from traditional modelling solution methods. In addition, there is generally a lack of empirical testing and validation of manufacturing strategies. Coupled to this fact is that empirical work is rarely carried...

Planning processes for the operations of entire supply chains require examination because business competition demands coherent strategies from them. Research into processes for strategic operations planning has defined the steps and procedures required. Some research has partially addressed planning processes for integrated supply chains. The pres...

The Lean Transformation of the Supply Chain represents a major challenge in Lean Management studies and involves both the reduction of waste (both within and between companies) and supply chain alignment to the actual needs of the final customer. At the same time, Lean Management is looking for an information system able to support a Lean Transform...

This book explores the application of Lean into a small service organisation. The case in point in a single card dealership in the UK.

Describes a two- and, later, a three-dimensional view of supply chain dynamics within a theoretical framework derived from research carried out in the UK automotive industry. However, the authors believe that the models developed have a far wider applicability than this narrow sectoral and geographic focus. The research has been developed within tw...

Going Lean provides an overview of the Lean Enterprise Research Centre Project, LEAP which looks at applying lean into the UK automotive customer base of what was then Corus. It provides a lot of details about Value Stream Mapping in a supply chain setting.

Describes the approach one company has taken to develop such a logical, time-phased supply chain improvement plan. This approach involves input from a range of representatives from within the organisation, thereby avoiding the often misguided pursuit of “hobby horses”. The approach described has been derived from matrix-based methods of Japanese or...

This paper describes the application of a new variant of process benchmarking called value stream mapping to the development of a supplier network around a prominent distributor of electronic, electrical and mechanical components. This involved mapping the activities of the firm, identifying opportunities for improvement and then undertaking with t...

This paper describes the application of a lean logistics approach to the development of a supplier network around a prominent distributor of electronic, electrical and mechanical components. This involved mapping the activities of the firm, identifying opportunities for improvement and then undertaking an improvement programme with the firm. The re...

Previous studies have shown by benchmarking that significant advantage has been gained by the application of the Toyota Production System (TPS) both within Toyota and in their direct and indirect suppliers. However, no detailed analysis has taken place to verify where this advantage lies and how it has been achieved. In addition analysis of whether...

The development of sustainable competitive advantage has long been the “holy grail” of western management. Evidence presented in this paper shows that at least one of the world’s leading companies has sought to achieve advantage by leverage of knowledge and skill within its complete supply chain. The company is Toyota of Japan. A description of the...

This paper addresses the issue of whether many purchasing organisations are presently attempting to operate within an inappropriate framework. Namely, are they putting structure and roles ahead of strategy and the process? To overcome the resulting problems associated with the status quo a new lean model is presented which starts with strategy deve...

This paper describes the Value Stream Analysis Tool (VALSAT) as a rigorous analysis and decision-making tool in the supply chain or value stream context. The tool can employ both tacit and explicit knowledge for the advantage of the supply chain in which it is used. Although the approach owes its origins to new product development in the Japanese s...

Value Stream Management is a new strategic and operational approach to the data capture, analysis, planning and implementation of effective change within the core cross-functional or cross-company processes required to achieve a truly lean enterprise. This paper describes the method in detail including a summary of the previous Value Stream Mapping...

Abstract This paper addresses the issue of whether many purchasing organisations are presently attempting to operate within an inappropriate framework. Namely, are they putting structure and roles ahead of strategy and the process? To overcome the resulting problems associated with the status quo a new lean model is presented which starts with str...