Peter Gallmann

• Doctor of Engineering
• Swiss Bee Research Centre

Hans-Ulrich Thomas is a hobby beekeeper and beekeeping adviser. He collects books about bees, travels frequently on beekeeping tours and writes about his experiences. Dr Peter Gallmann is the Director of the Swiss Bee research Centre at the Research Station, Agroscope ALP in Liebefeld.

Decision making in honeybees is based on information which is acquired and processed in order to make choices between two or more alternatives. These choices lead to the expression of optimal behaviour strategies such as floral constancy. Optimal foraging strategies such as floral constancy improve a colony’s chances of survival, however to our kno...

Pollination by honey bees plays a key role in the functioning of ecosystems and optimisation of agricultural yields. Severe honey bee colony losses worldwide have raised concerns about the sustainability of these pollination services. In many cases, bee mortality appears to be the product of many interacting factors, but there is a growing consensu...

The application of non-invasive imaging technologies using X-radiation (diagnostic radioentomology, ‘DR’) is demonstrated for the study of amber-entombed social bees. Here, we examine the external and internal morphology of an Early Miocene (Burdigalian) stingless bee (Apinae: Meliponini) from the Dominican Republic using non-destructive X-ray micr...

Due to the variation of botanical origin honey differs in appearance, sensory perception and composition. The main nutritional and health relevant components are carbohydrates, mainly fructose and glucose but also about 25 different oligosaccharides. Although honey is a high carbohydrate food, its glycemic index varies within a wide range from 32 t...

Honey usually contains a variety of mineral substances. Ninety five samples of known geographic and botanic origin were analyzed in order to detect possible contamination by common air pollution or other pathways. It was found that most elements correlate significantly with electrical conductivity. The contamination level of the toxic elements Pb a...

Honey usually contains a variety of mineral substances. Ninety five samples of known geographic and botanic origin were analyzed in order to detect possible contamination by common air pollution or other pathways. It was found that most elements correlate significantly with electrical conductivity. The contamination level of the toxic elements Pb a...

Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux Zentrum für Bienenforschung Eidg. Forschungsanstalt für Nutztiere und Milchwirtschaft (ALP) Schwarzenburgstrasse 161 CH-3003 Bern Telephon +41 (0)31 323 84 18 Fax +41 (0)31 323 84 18

The report presents the current (2005) status of organic farming resarch in Switzerland. Switzerland has a long history of organic farming research, which in its beginnings has been carried out by organic farming pioneers and by private institutions like the Goetheanum, Möschberg Centre and the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL). It...

The protein content of 1.7% fat milk was standardized 'downwards' from ∼ 3.4% to values in the range ∼ 3.2-2.6%, by mixing with ultrafiltration (UF) permeate obtained from skim milk or quarg acid whey. Normal or protein standardised milk products were subjected to direct (150 °C for 2.7 s) or indirect (138 °C for 1 s) ultra-high temperature (UHT) h...

Milk containing ∼ 1.7% fat, but protein in the range ∼ 2.6-3.4% was prepared by mix∼ing calculated quantities of whole milk, skim milk and an ultrafiltration (UF) permeate obtained ∼from skim milk or quarg acid whey. The freezing point (PP) of each milk was measured before and ∼after ultra-high temperature (UHT) heating. The concentration of lactul...

This review deals with the “state of the art” regarding microwave heating of milk using household equipment with a frequency of 2450 MHz. The effect of microwave heat treatment depends on the quantity of the product and the geometry of the vessel used. Microwaves do not penetrate deeply into food which can lead to overheating at the surface or to i...

This paper summarises the test results on photo degradation of milk and dairy products, particularly yoghurt and butter, obtained by the authors and their colleagues over the past ten years. A large amount of data from relevant literature is also considered in this review. Two major aspects are treated: the extrinsic and intrinsic factors that infl...

Thesis (doctoral)--Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 1952.