Peter Albert Everts

Max Planck University

Autologous biologics, defined as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMC), are cell-based therapy treatment options in regenerative medicine practices, and have been increasingly used in orthopedics, sports medicine, and spinal disorders. These biological products are produced at point-of-care; thereby, avoiding expensi...

Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic c...

There is a global interest in optimizing post-surgical tissue repair strategies, leading to better patient outcomes and fewer complications, most ideally with reduced overall cost. In this regard, in recent years, the interest in autologous biological treatments in orthopedic surgery and sports medicine has increased greatly, and the addition of pl...

The first aim of this study was to examine the cellularity and quality of autologous bone marrow aspirates harvested with two novel FDA-cleared devices, namely the Aspire™ bone marrow aspiration system (AS-BMAS) and the Marrow Cellution bone marrow aspiration device (MC-BMAD). Compared to traditional bone marrow harvesting needle systems, both thes...

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic articular disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of cartilage and bone tissue, leading to the appearance of subchondral cysts, osteophyte formation, and synovial inflammation. Conventional treatments consist of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), analgesics, and glucocorticoids. Howev...

In recent years, systemic inflammation has emerged as a pivotal player in the development and progression of various degenerative diseases. This complex, chronic inflammatory state, often undetected, can have far‐reaching consequences for the body's physiology. At the molecular level, markers such as C‐reactive protein, cytokines and other inflamma...

Bone marrow cellular therapy has undergone a remarkable evolution, significantly impacting the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. This review traces the historical trajectory from early mythological references to contemporary scientific advancements. The groundbreaking work of Friedenstein in 1968, identifying fibroblast colony-forming cells i...

The use of autologous biological preparations (ABPs) and their combinations fills a void in health care treatment options that exists between surgical procedures and current pharmaceutical treatments. There is a wide range of ABPs that can safely and effectively be prepared at point of care using tissues from the patient such as peripheral blood, b...

Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparations are prepared at the point of care. Centrifugation cellular density separation sequesters a fresh unit of blood into three main fractions: a platelet-poor plasma (PPP) fraction, a stratum rich in platelets (platelet concentrate), and variable leukocyte bioformulation and erythrocyte fractions. The e...

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a pervasive condition that limits quality of life and burdens economies worldwide. Conventional pharmacological treatments primarily aimed at slowing the progression of degeneration have demonstrated limited long-term efficacy and often do not address the underlying causes of the disease. On the other hand, orthob...

Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparations are prepared at point of care. Centrifugation cellular density separation sequesters a fresh unit of blood into three main fractions: a platelet-poor plasma (PPP) fraction, a stratum rich in platelets (platelet concentrate) and, bioformulation dependent, also leukocyte and erythrocyte fractions. Th...

Musculoskeletal pain management is evolving rapidly alongside evidence for use of autologous orthobiologics. Interventionalists have the skillsets to precisely deliver platelet-rich plasma (PRP), bone marrow concentrate (BMC), and adipose tissue concentrate (ATC) with image-guided injections. These treatments are potential catalysts in plans design...

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a pervasive condition that limits quality of life and burdens economies. Traditional pharmacological treatments aimed at slowing degeneration are ineffective in the long-term. Orthobiologics, regenerative agents derived from the patient’s own tissue, are a promising emerging therapy for degenerative disc disease....

Chronic wounds, characterized by prolonged healing processes, pose a significant medical challenge with multifaceted aetiologies, including local and systemic factors. Here, it explores the complex pathogenesis of chronic wounds, emphasizing the disruption in the normal phases of wound healing, particularly the inflammatory phase, leading to an imb...

Autologous biological preparations have emerged as a growing area of medical innovation in a variety of medical, interventional, procedures. These cellular therapies are often referred to as autologous biologics, and they are derived from patient’s own tissues, including blood, bone marrow, and fat tissue to prepare platelet-rich plasma (PRP), bone...

Bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) has emerged as a safe therapeutic orthobiological option to treat symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA). Physicians are attracted to use BMAC for knee OA treatments because of the presence of MSCs, as these specialized cells have self-renew and multidirectional-differentiation potentials. Furthermore, the hete...

In recent years, autologous concentrated alpha-2-macroglobulin (c-A2M) has emerged as a potential treatment for cartilage pathology as well as for nociceptive inflammatory arthritis due to its ability to trap and bait inflammatory mediators. It has been successfully used in the treatment of musculoskeletal pathology to reduce pain and improve mobil...

Background: Chronic low back pain is one of the most common causes of disability, affecting more than 600 million people worldwide with major social and economic costs. Current treatment options include conservative, surgical, and minimally invasive interventional treatment approaches. Novel therapeutic treatment options continue to develop, targe...

Autologous biological preparations have emerged as a growing area of medical innovation in a variety of medical, interventional procedures. These cellular therapies are often referred to as autologous biologics. These preparations are derived from the patient’s own tissues, including blood, bone marrow, and fat tissue to prepare platelet-rich plasm...

Platelet-and fibrin-rich orthobiologic products, such as autologous platelet concentrates, have been extensively studied and appreciated for their beneficial effects on multiple conditions. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and its derivatives, including platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in clinical and laboratory settings...

Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessel from existing vessels and is a critical first step in tissue repair following chronic disturbances in healing and degenerative tissues. Chronic pathoanatomic tissues are characterized by a high number of inflammatory cells; an overexpression of inflammatory mediators; such as tumor necrosis factor-α...

Angiogenesis is new blood vessel formation from existing vessels and is a critical first step in tissue repair following chronic disturbances in healing and degenerative tissues. Chronic pathoanatomic tissues are characterized by a high number of inflammatory cells, overexpression of inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) a...

Platelet and fibrin-rich orthobiologic products, such as autologous platelet concentrates, have been extensively studied and appreciated for their beneficial effects in multiple conditions. PRP and its derivatives, including PRF, have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in clinical and laboratory settings, particularly in the treatment of musculoskel...

Orthobiologic procedures are based on altering the microenvironment of musculoskeletal tissues to induce an anti-inflammatory effect and reduce pain, promote healing of these tissues, or provide mechanical support. Allograft tissues have these inherent qualities and can be used as such. This could provide patients whose own autologous tissues may b...

The objectives of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) regenerative medicine applications in interventional orthopedics are to support the body to form new functional tissues to replace degenerative or defective ones. The use of PRP is based on the presence of platelet growth factors, cytokines, proteases, and adhesive proteins. PRP therapies have...

Autologous biological cellular preparations have materialized as a growing area of medical advancement in interventional (orthopedic) practices and surgical interventions to provide an optimal tissue healing environment, particularly in tissues where standard healing is disrupted and repair and ultimately restoration of function is at risk. These c...

In recent years, autologous biological preparations have emerged as a growing area of medical innovation in interventional orthopedical procedures and surgical interventions. These cellular therapies are often referred to as orthobiologics and are derived from patient's own tissues, like blood, bone marrow, and adipose tissue to prepare platelet-ri...

In recent years, autologous biological preparations have emerged as a growing area of medical innovation in interventional orthopedical procedures and surgical interventions. These cellular therapies are often referred to as orthobiologics and are derived from patient's own tissues, such as blood, bone marrow, and adipose tissue to prepare platelet...

In recent years, autologous biological preparations have emerged as a growing area of medical innovation in interventional orthopedical procedures and surgical interventions. These cellular therapies are often referred to as orthobiologics. These preparations are derived from patient’s own tissues, including blood, bone marrow, and fat tissue to pr...

Background Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMC) are being used clinically as therapeutic agents for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Purpose/Hypothesis The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of BMC and PRP on pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis up to 24 months after...

Background Variability in transfusion outcomes and excessive postoperative bleeding represents a significant problem in cardiac surgery. The effort to reduce bleeding complications and transfusion outcomes is desirable. Our study investigated the feasibility of reducing bleeding complications and transfusion requirements by applying perioperatively...

The purpose of this manuscript is to highlight and review the status of literature regarding efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) dysfunction. A review of the literature on PRP interventions on the SIJ or ligaments was performed. Seven studies had improvements in their respective primary end point and de...

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) from Bone Marrow Concentrate (BMC) have emerged as a promising treatment for degenerative musculoskeletal pathologies, such as Osteoarthritis (OA). Many aspiration techniques have been described in the literature with little consensus on optimal methodology. This study aimed to compare MSC quantity in unilateral versus...

Background: Autologous blood products, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are commercial products broadly used to accelerate healing of tissues after injuries. However, their content is not standardized and significantly varies in composition, which may lead to differences in clinical efficacy. Also, the underlying molecular mechanisms for therape...

Emerging autologous cellular therapies that utilize platelet-rich plasma (PRP) applications have the potential to play adjunctive roles in a variety of regenerative medicine treatment plans. There is a global unmet need for tissue repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal (MSK) and spinal disorders, osteoarthritis (OA), and patients with chronic c...

There is no consensus on the optimal rehabilitation protocol after platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment for tendinopathy despite basic science studies showing the critical role of mechanical loading in the restoration of tendon structure and function posttreatment. In this article, we will review tendon mechanobiology, platelet biology, and review...

Background Approximately 47 million people in the United States have been diagnosed with arthritis. Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections have been documented to alleviate symptoms related to knee osteoarthritis (OA) in randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMC)...

Aim: The most common risk associated with intradiscal injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is discitis with Cutibacterium acnes. It is hypothesized that antimicrobial activity of PRP can be enhanced through inclusion of leukocytes or antibiotics in the injectate. Materials & methods: Multiple PRP preparations of varying platelet and leukocyte co...

Orthobiologic injections, like Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate (BMC), can offer solutions to clinical maladies that have not received adequate resolution or sufficient improvement via the use of drugs, rehabilitation, or surgery. BMC has materialized as a significant autologous biological means for tissue repair and regenerative processes. We revi...

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment may encourage hair growth by promoting cellular maturation, differentiation, and proliferation. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP as a treatment for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Materials and methods: A literature search combined with meta-analysis w...

OBJECTIVE: Conflicting evidence exists on the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the treatment of chronic ischemic leg ulcers. The aim of this trial was to investigate whether additional HBOT would benefit patients with diabetes and ischemic leg ulcers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients with diabetes with an ischemic wound (n = 120)...

Autologous and single-donor allogenic platelet preparations are increasingly being used in many areas of regenerative medicine. However, there are few properly controlled randomized clinical trials, and the preparation, content and characteristics of platelet preparations are generally poorly defined and controlled. The Platelet Physiology Subcommit...

In stalled, chronic wounds, more aggressive and proactive wound closure efforts are needed. We describe adjunctive use of epidermal grafting in patients with chronic wounds. Wound bed preparation consisted of surgical necrotectomy or sharp debridement, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, negative pressure wound therapy, compression therapy, platelet-rich pl...

Tissue repair at wound sites begins with clot formation, and subsequently platelet degranulation with the release of platelet growth factors, which are necessary and well-regulated processes to achieve wound healing. Platelet-derived growth factors are biologically active substances that enhance tissue repair mechanisms, such as chemotaxis, cell pr...

Platelet concentrates for topical use are innovative tools of regenerative medicine and their effects in various therapeutical situations are hotly debated. Unfortunately, this field of research mainly focused on the platelet growth factors, and the fibrin architecture and the leukocyte content of these products are too often neglected. In the four...

In the field of platelet concentrates for surgical use, most products are termed Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP). Unfortunately, this term is very general and incomplete, leading to many confusions in the scientific database. In this article, a panel of experts discusses this issue and proposes an accurate and simple terminology system for platelet conc...

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is often associated with major postoperative blood loss, postoperative pain, and impaired wound healing. The application of autologous platelet gel (APG), prepared from the buffy coat of a unit of autologous blood, has been advocated to improve haemostasis after surgery, to decrease perioperative blood loss, diminish p...

Acute and chronic musculoskeletal injuries in sports are common and problematic for both athletes and clinicians. A significant proportion of these injuries remain diffi cult to treat, and many athletes suffer from decreased performance and longstanding pain and discomfort. In 2008, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) published a consensus do...

Cardiopulmonary bypass procedures remain complex, involving many potential risks. Therefore, a nationwide retrospective study was conducted to gain insight into the number of incidents and accidents in Dutch adult perfusion practice. An anonymous postal survey (85 questions about hardware, disposables, fluids and medication, air emboli, anticoagula...

Chronic pain is the main complication following inguinal hernia repair. A possible explanatory factor is the suture fixation of the mesh. Glue fixation might overcome this problem. Albeit at a very low frequency, human and bovine components of fibrin sealants currently available could contain blood-borne pathogens. Autologous platelet-rich fibrin s...

Improvement of tissue-engineered grafts is still a challenge in the field of regenerative medicine. Using multipotent stromal cells (MSCs), which have immunosuppressive qualities in an allogeneic situation, off-the-shelf implants can be created. This study compared allogeneic and autologous MSCs at an orthotopic (L1 transverse process model) and ec...

The aim of this study is to evaluate multiple conditions on the formation of bone growth in a goat model. We prepared from a unit of whole blood, platelet-leukocyte gel (PLG) to stimulate bone formation, based on the release of platelet growth factors. Two 3-compartment cages containing autologous bone, calcium phosphate, and trabecular metal were...

Dear Sir: We have read the manuscript by Rai et al. ‘‘Combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with polycaprolactone- tricalcium phosphate scaffolds for segmental bone defect repair’’1 with great interest. We are impressed with the results of their investigation. We agree with their conclusions that the application of autologous platelet growth fa...

Platelet-leukocyte gel (PLG) contains high concentrations of platelets and leukocytes. As leukocytes play an important role in the innate host-defense, we hypothesized that PLG might have antimicrobial properties. This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of PLG against Staphylococcus aureus and the contribution of myeloperoxidase (MPO), p...

Background: Platelet-leukocyte gel (PLG) is being used during various surgical procedures in an attempt to enhance the healing process. We studied the effects of PLG on postoperative recovery of patients undergoing open subacromial decompression (OSD). Methods: PLG was produced from platelet-leukocyte-rich plasma (P-LRP), prepared from a unit of...

The therapeutic use of autologously prepared, platelet-leukocyte-enriched gel (PLG) is a relatively new technology for the stimulation and acceleration of soft tissue and bone healing. The effectiveness of this procedure lies in the delivery of a wide range of platelet growth factors mimicking the physiologic wound healing and reparative tissue pro...

In this study we describe the potential role of autologous platelet gel and fibrin sealant in unilateral total knee arthroplasty to improve the postoperative range of motion and to reduce the incidence of arthrofibrosis. Total knee arthroplasty is often associated with a considerable amount of post-operative blood loss. Persistent limited motion d...

The therapeutic use of autologously prepared platelet-leukocyte gel (PLG) is a relatively new technology which might stimulate and accelerate soft-tissue and bone healing. The effectiveness of this procedure lies in the exogenous delivery of a wide range of platelet growth factors, intentionally released from autologously prepared PLG. The rational...

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Three commercial systems for whole blood separation were compared to obtain the buffy coat composed of platelet-rich plasma (BC-PRP) and leucocytes . These samples of the buffy coat were used to make a platelet gel (PG), which was used to measure platelet growth factor (PGF) release, to perform a white blood cell (WBC) count and to measure myeloper...

In this study, three commercial systems for the preparation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were compared and platelet growth factors release was measured. Ten healthy volunteers donated whole blood that was fractionated by a blood cell separator, and a table-top centrifuge to prepare PRP. Furthermore, an autologous growth factor filter was used to c...

Strategies to reduce blood loss and transfusion of allogeneic blood products during surgical procedures are important in modern times. The most important and well-known autologous techniques are preoperative autologous predonation, hemodilution, perioperative red cell salvage, postoperative wound blood autotransfusion, and pharmacologic modulation...

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is often associated with a considerable amount of post-operative blood loss, necessitating the transfusion of allogeneic blood, which can add to the complications. Optimization of strategies to reduce the need for blood transfusion is desired. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of autologous platelet gel...