Peter Michael Elias

Peter Michael Elias
University of California, San Francisco | UCSF · Department of Dermatology

About

890
Publications
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63,963
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Publications

Publications (890)
Article
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Background Autosomal recessive ichthyosis leads to structural or biochemical changes that impair skin barrier function. Hypothesis/Objectives To assess (1) the phenotype and genotype in a litter of Jack Russell Terriers with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI), and (2) the defective skin barrier and determine if a topical ceramide can...
Article
Stresses the need for biological evaluation of effects ( good and bad) of e skins on human skin ; before these devices are employed widely just because of their novelty and technological feasibility.
Article
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Permeability barrier disruption has been shown to induce immunological alterations (i.e., an “outside-to-inside” pathogenic mechanism). Conversely, several inflammatory and immunological mechanisms reportedly interrupt permeability barrier homeostasis (i.e., an “inside-to-outside” pathogenic mechanism). It is now widely recognized that alterations...
Article
Two serious health conditions, obesity and atopic dermatitis (AD), share some pathological features such as insulin resistance, leptin resistance and inflammation, and a growing body of evidence suggests a link between obesity and AD. Obesity predisposes an individual to and/or worsens AD, whereas AD increases the risk of obesity. Obesity and AD's...
Article
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in the general population. Skin barrier dysfunction is the central abnormality leading to AD. The cause of skin barrier dysfunction is complex and rooted in genetic mutations, interactions between the immune pathway activation and epithelial cells, altered host defense mech...
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Background: Little is known about mortality trends among patients with psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in the United States. Objectives: To ascertain mortality trends of PsO and PsA between 2010-2021, focusing on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We collected data from the National Vital Statistic System and calculat...
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Epidermal function is regulated by numerous exogenous and endogenous factors, including age, psychological stress, certain skin disorders, ultraviolet irradiation and pollution, and epidermal function itself can regulate cutaneous and extracutaneous functions. The biophysical properties of the stratum corneum reflect the status of both epidermal fu...
Book
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Cambridge Scholars Publishing are delighted to announce publication of The Miracle of Skin: Surface Matters by internationally renowned physician and dermatologist, Dr Peter M. Elias. Without our skin, we would shrivel and die. We would resemble prunes, rather than plums, or raisins, not grapes. It is this life-enabling function of skin, its abilit...
Article
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Nitric oxide (NO), a signaling molecule, regulates biological functions in multiple organs/tissues, including the epidermis, where it impacts permeability barrier homeostasis, wound healing, and antimicrobial defense. In addition, NO participates in cutaneous inflammation, where it exhibits pro-inflammatory properties via the cyclooxygenase/prostag...
Article
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Cognitive impairment is a symptom of neurological disorders, including dementia and Alzheimer’s disease; and mild cognitive impairment can be a precursor of both disorders. Aged humans and animal models with other systemic disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, display a higher incidence of cognitive decline. Epidemiological studi...
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Cetacean skin continues to be the investigative focus of researchers from several different scientific disciplines. Yet, most research on the basic functions of lipo‐keratinocytes, which constitute most of the cetacean epidermis, providing the first layer of protection against various environmental aggressors (including an ever‐increasing level of...
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Background: Cognitive impairment is common in the elderly. Prior studies suggest a link between chronic inflammation and cognitive dysfunction, while aging-associated epidermal dysfunction has been connected to elevations in circulating cytokines. Objective: We assessed here whether improvements in epidermal function can mitigate the progression...
Article
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Previous work has shown increased expression of genes related to oxidative stress in nonlesional atopic dermatitis (ADNL) skin. Although mitochondria are key regulators of reactive oxygen species production, their function in AD has never been investigated. Energy metabolism and the oxidative stress response were studied in keratinocytes (KCs) from...
Article
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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease in which dry and itchy skin may develop into skin lesions. AD has a strong genetic component, as children from parents with AD have a twofold increased chance of developing the disease. Genetic risk loci and epigenetic modifications reported in AD mainly locate to genes inv...
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Objective We compare here the principal characteristics of over-the-counter moisturizers with physiologic lipid-based barrier repair therapy. Data Sources An extended literature revealed that moisturizers are considered standard ancillary therapy for anti-inflammatory skin disorders, like atopic dermatitis (AD). Additional studies have shown that...
Article
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Background Newborn oil massage is a widespread practice. Vigorous massage with potentially harmful products and forced removal of vernix may disrupt skin barrier integrity. Hospitalized, very preterm infants treated with sunflower seed oil (SSO) have demonstrated improved growth but community-based data on growth and health outcomes are lacking. O...
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The stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the epidermis, serves a crucial role in maintaining body hydration and protection from environmental insults. When the stratum corneum is injured or when the genetic blueprints are flawed, the body is at risk of dehydration, secondary infections and allergen sensitization. Advancements in veterinary...
Article
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Nitric oxide (NO), a free radical molecule synthesized by nitric oxide synthases (NOS), regulates multiple cellular functions in a variety of cell types. These NOS, including endothelial NOS (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS) and neural NOS (nNOS), are expressed in keratinocytes. Expression levels of both iNOS and nNOS decrease with aging, and insufficie...
Article
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Background Hospitalized preterm infants with compromised skin barrier function treated topically with sunflower seed oil (SSO) have shown reductions in sepsis and neonatal mortality rate (NMR). Mustard oil and products commonly used in high-mortality settings may possibly harm skin barrier integrity and enhance risk of infection and mortality in ne...
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Topical and systemic retinoids are often used long-term in the treatment of ichthyoses and other disorders of cornification. The Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance (PeDRA) Use of Retinoids in Ichthyosis Work Group was formed to address the numerous clinical concerns with use of these medications in children and adolescents and to establish bes...
Article
The epidermis forms a barrier that defends the body from desiccation and entry of harmful substances, while also sensing and integrating environmental signals. The tightly orchestrated cellular changes needed for the formation and maintenance of this epidermal barrier occur in the context of the skin microbiome. Using germ-free mice, we demonstrate...
Article
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Background Autism, a childhood behavioral disorder, belongs to a large suite of diseases, collectively referred to as autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Though multifactorial in etiology, approximately 10% of ASD are associated with atopic dermatitis (AD). Moreover, ASD prevalence increases further as AD severity worsens, though these disorders share...
Article
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder characterized by eczematous and pruritic skin lesions. In recent decades, the prevalence of AD has increased worldwide, most notably in developing countries. The enormous progress in our understanding of the complex composition and functions of the epidermal barrier allows for a deeper...
Article
Sphingomyelin (SM) is a constituent of cellular membranes, while ceramides (Cer) produced from SM on plasma membranes serve as a lipid mediator that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In the skin, SM also is a precursor of Cer, an important constituent of epidermal permeability barrier. We investigated the role of epiderm...
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Loss-of-function mutations in arachidonate lipoxygenase 12B (ALOX12B) are an important cause of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI). 12R-lipoxygenase (12R-LOX), the protein product of ALOX12B, has been proposed to covalently bind the corneocyte lipid envelope (CLE) to the proteinaceous corneocyte envelope (CE), thereby providing a scaf...
Preprint
The epidermis forms a barrier that defends the body from desiccation and entry of harmful substances, while sensing and integrating environmental signals. The tightly orchestrated cellular changes required for the proper formation and maintenance of this epidermal barrier occur in the context of the skin microbiome. Using germ free mice, we demonst...
Article
Inherited or acquired blockade of distal steps in the cholesterol synthetic pathway results in ichthyosis, due to reduced cholesterol production and/or the accumulation of toxic metabolic precursors, while inhibition of epidermal cholesterol synthesis compromises epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis. We showed here that 3β‐hydroxysteroid‐δ8,...
Article
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Topical and systemic retinoids have long been used in the treatment of ichthyoses and other disorders of cornification. Due to the need for long‐term use of retinoids for these disorders, often beginning in childhood, numerous clinical concerns must be considered. Systemic retinoids have known side effects involving bone and eye. Additionally, pote...
Article
Zusammenfassung Diverse vererbte und erworbene Störungen epidermaler Strukturproteine und Enzyme beeinträchtigen Permeabilität, Barrierefunktion und antimikrobielle Abwehr bei atopischer Dermatitis (AD). Obwohl verschiedene Mutationen in Filaggrin (FLG) überwiegen, sind Veränderungen in anderen S‐100‐Vorstufen‐Proteinen des cornified envelope (Horn...
Article
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Diverse inherited and acquired abnormalities in epidermal structural and enzymatic proteins compromise permeability, barrier function and antimicrobial defense in atopic dermatitis (AD). Though several mutations in filaggrin (FLG) predominate, alterations in other S‐100, cornified envelope precursor proteins (hornerin [HRNR], filaggrin 2 [FLG2], SP...
Article
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Background: Activation of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) has been implicated in inflammation, pruritus, and skin barrier regulation, all characteristics of atopic dermatitis (AD), as well as Netherton syndrome which has similar characteristics. However, understanding the precise role of PAR2 on neuro-immune communication in AD has been hamper...
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Nitric oxide (NO) regulates a variety of epidermal functions, including epidermal proliferation, differentiation, and cutaneous wound healing. However, whether nitric oxide (NO) and its synthetic enzymes regulate epidermal permeability barrier homeostasis is not clear. In the present study, we employed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) KO mice...
Preprint
Full-text available
Background: Though multifactorial in etiology, approximately 10% of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with atopic dermatitis (AD). Moreover, ASD prevalence increases further as AD severity worsens, though these disorders share no common causative mutations. We assessed here the link between these two disorders in the standard, valproic...
Preprint
Full-text available
Background: Autism, a childhood behavioral disorder, belongs to a large suite of diseases, collectively referred to as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Though multifactorial in etiology, approximately 10% of ASD are associated with atopic dermatitis (AD). Moreover, ASD prevalence increases further as AD severity worsens, though these disorders shar...
Article
Background The nonlesional skin of atopic dermatitis (AD) children with peanut allergy (PA) is associated with increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL), low urocanic (UCA) and pyroglutamic (PCA) acids (filaggrin [FLG] breakdown products), and reduced ratio of esterified ω-hydroxy fatty acid sphingosine ceramides (EOS-CER) to non-hydroxy fatty aci...
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Objective To determine whether topical applications of thiosulfinate-enriched Allium sativum extract (TASE) can accelerate acute cutaneous wound healing (WH) in a murine model.Methods Keratinocyte viability and in vitro wound closure were assessed in keratinocyte cultures. Effects of topical TASE (0.5 μg/mL of allicin in 97% ethanol) on acute cutan...
Article
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Protective role of the skin is against external insults and maintenance of electrolyte homeostasis of the body. Cutaneous dysfunction can account for the development of both cutaneous and systemic disorders. Thus, improvements in cutaneous functions can benefit a number of extracutaneous and cutaneous functions. Resveratrol, a natural ingredient, d...
Article
Although a compromised epidermal permeability barrier can contribute to the development of contact dermatitis, whether subjects with hand eczema display abnormalities in baseline epidermal permeability barrier function in their uninvolved skin remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to assess epidermal permeability barrier function in sub...
Article
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Chronologically-aged skin displays multiple functional changes in both the dermis and the epidermis. It appears that epidermal dysfunction, compromised permeability homeostasis, reduced stratum corneum hydration and elevated skin surface pH predispose to the development of aging-associated cutaneous and extracutaneous disorders. Improvements in epi...
Article
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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial, heterogeneous disease associated with epidermal barrier disruption and intense systemic inflammation. Previously, we showed that exosomes derived from human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC-exosomes) attenuate AD-like symptoms by reducing multiple inflammatory cytokine levels. Here, we i...
Article
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Aged humans display a chronic and low-grade inflammation, termed “inflammaging”, which has been potentially linked to the subsequent development of some aging-associated systemic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease and obesity. Though the origin of aging-associated systemic inflammation...
Article
Background: Adverse cutaneous reactions to skin care products (SCP) are becoming increasingly common and may be indicative of defective permeability barrier function. Aim: To determine the differences in transepidermal water loss rates (TEWL) between skin patch positive vs negative to skin care products in normal Chinese females. Methods: Skin...
Article
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Studying skin barrier function is central to our understanding of many skin disorders. The past decade has seen a surge of skin barrier related investigative work. Genetic, biochemical and cell biology experiments have added much evidence to the importance of the barrier in disease pathogenesis of a variety of disorders including ichthyosis, atopic...
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Pigmentation evolved in ancestral humans to protect against toxic, ultraviolet B irradiation, but the question remains: "what is being protected?" Because humans with dark pigmentation display a suite of superior epidermal functions in comparison with their more lightly pigmented counterparts, we hypothesized and provided evidence that dark pigment...
Article
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Fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4) is an acyl-CoA synthetase that is required for normal permeability barrier in mammalian skin. FATP4 (SLC27A4) mutations cause ichthyosis prematurity syndrome, a nonlethal disorder. In contrast, Fatp4−/− mice die neonatally from a defective barrier. Here we used electron microscopy and lipidomics to characteriz...
Article
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Background: While clinical signs, symptoms, as well as etiology of sensitive skin in general populations have been extensively studied over the last decades, characteristics of sensitive skin in normal subjects, particularly gender-related characteristics, still remain unknown. Objective: In the present study, we characterize facial sensitive sk...
Article
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Becker’s nevus is a common pigmented dermatosis, usually featured by ipsilateral pigmented patch with hypertrichosis. Becker’s nevus is often treated with various types of lasers although other regimens are available. However, clinical outcomes appear inconsistent among studies. To summarize the clinical outcomes of Becker’s nevus treated with lase...
Article
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Because of the importance of epidermal functions, including stratum corneum hydration and maintenance of permeability barrier homeostasis, in the pathogenesis of a variety of cutaneous and systemic disorders, a wide range of products has been developed to improve epidermal functions. However, the underlying mechanisms whereby certain products, incl...
Article
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Background Filaggrin (Flg) and hornerin (Hrnr) share similar structural and functional features. Both proteins have been implicated as essential proteins for skin barrier maintenance. Loss‐of‐function mutations of these genes constitute a risk factor for atopic dermatitis and eczema‐related asthma. Furthermore, both FLG and HRNR protein levels are...
Article
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Hesperidin is a bioflavonoid, with high concentration in citrus fruits. In addition to its well-known benefits for cardiovascular function, type II diabetes, and anti-inflammation, recent studies have demonstrated multiple benefits of hesperidin for cutaneous functions, including wound healing, UV protection, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, antis...