Peter K Buchanan

• PhD, University of Auckland
• Group Leader at Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research

The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-ca...

The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-ca...

Megasporoporia sensu lato has recently been intensively studied in China and South America, and four independent clades representing four genera have been recognized phylogenetically. In this study, more samples, mostly from subtropical and tropical Asia, Oceania, and East Africa, are analyzed. A phylogeny based on a 4-gene dataset of sequences (IT...

He aha ngā āhuatanga e eke ai tētahi rauemi Pūtaiao mō te rūma ako? Ka whaiwhakaaro tēnei tuhinga ki tēnei urupounamu mā te hoki atu ki te tukanga whakawhanaketanga i Ngā Hekaheka o Aotearoa, koia tētahi rauemi i whakairohia ai hei tautoko i te whakaako me te ako i roto mai i ngā kura kaupapa Māori mō te hekaheka o Aotearoa Niu Tīreni. I toko mai t...

Hericium novae-zealandiae is a native mushroom traditionally consumed by the indigenous Māori of New Zealand. To study erinacines and hericenones, compounds reported to be unique to the genus Hericium, the small molecular lipophilic constituents of H. novae-zealandiae were evaluated by chromatography coupled with diode array detection. Ethanol was...

Hericium novae-zealandiae is a New Zealand native mushroom with limited information. This study aimed to investigate the potential bioactivities of the ethanol extract of H. novae-zealandiae and four of its constituents, namely hericenone C, hericene B, ergosterol and ergosterol peroxide. The proliferation of DU145, LNCaP and PC3 cells were evaluat...

In this study, the taxonomic diversity of the Xylodon raduloides species complex (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) is examined. Specimens were studied using an integrative taxonomic approach that includes molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses, and environmental niche comparisons. Four different species were found inside the Xylodon radul...

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effect of the polysaccharides isolated from Hericium novae-zealandiae, a native New Zealand fungus, on the in vitro proliferation of prostate cancer cell lines, gene expression, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and oxidation. One water-soluble and two alkali-soluble polysaccharide fr...

Mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) have the greatest morphological diversity and complexity of any group of fungi. They have radiated into most niches and fulfil diverse roles in the ecosystem, including wood decomposers, pathogens or mycorrhizal mutualists. Despite the importance of mushroom-forming fungi, large-scale patterns of their evolut...

Our recent project supported through Unlocking Curious Minds funding from New Zealand’s Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment enabled us to introduce school students to the fascinating, yet frequently forgotten, fungal kingdom. In this project, we demystified the science of species discovery. We collaborated with students at three schools...

The traditional medicinal fungus, Lingzhi, has long been considered to be Ganoderma lucidum, but was recently described as G. lingzhi based on both morphological and molecular data. Months earlier than this description, the species was identified as G. sichuanense by another research group. A sequenced epitype for G. sichuanense was selected that,...

Both top-down (grazing) and bottom-up (resource availability) forces can determine the strength of priority effects, or the effects of species arrival history on the structure and function of ecological communities, but their combined influences remain unresolved. To test for such influences, we assembled experimental communities of wood-decomposin...

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia: Banksiophoma australiensis (incl. Banksiophoma gen. nov.) on Banksia coccinea, Davidiellomyces australiensis (incl. Davidiellomyces gen. nov.) on Cyperaceae, Didymocyrtis banksiae on Banksia sessilis var. cygnorum, Disculoides calophyllae on C...

Oomycota are mostly fungoid chromists, some of which have major ecological and economic significance. The majority are multicellular and used to be allied with fungi. Like fungi, they extend fungus-like threads (hyphae) into decaying matter or the cells and tissues of living hosts, including humans (Bulaji et al. 1999). Currently one of two non-pho...

Ecology Letters (2011) Assembly history, or the order of species arrival, can have wide-ranging effects on species, communities and ecosystems. However, it remains unclear whether assembly history primarily affects individual species, with effects attenuating at the level of communities and ecosystems or, alternatively, has consistent effect sizes...

The Amsterdam Declaration on Fungal Nomenclature was agreed at an international symposium convened in Amsterdam on 19–20 April 2011 under the auspices of the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF). The purpose of the symposium was to address the issue of whether or how the current system of naming pleomorphic fungi should be maint...

10,David.Hibbett29,Seung-Beom30,G.Sybren2,Jos2,Sabine.Huhndorf31,Kevin.Hyde32,AhmedIsmail2,Peter.Johnston13,Duygu.Kadaifciler33,Paul.Kirk34,UrmasKõljalg35,Cletus.Abstract:TheAmsterdamDeclarationonFungalNomenclaturewasagreedat

The Amsterdam Declaration on Fungal Nomenclature was agreed at an international symposium convened in Amsterdam on 19-20 April 2011 under the auspices of the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF). The purpose of the symposium was to address the issue of whether or how the current system of naming pleomorphic fungi should be maint...

A new ammonia fungus, Coprinopsis austrophlyctidospora, is described from Nothofagus and Pinus forests in New Zealand and from Eucalyptus forest in Australia. In ecology and macro-morphology, this species is similar to the Northern Hemisphere species C. phlyctidospora, but the new species differs in morphological characters of the basidiospore, i.e...

http://www.ento.org.nz/nzentomologist/new_issues/NZEnto34_1_2011/Volume_34_40-44.pdf The toxic ectomycorhizal fungi Amanita muscaria (Agaricales: Amanitaceae) was first recorded in New Zealand in 1937, and it is now widespread throughout the country. We collected decaying fruiting bodies of the mushroom in 2005 and 2006 and placed them in enclosed...

A new ammonia fungus, Coprinopsis austrophlyctidospora, is described from Nothofagus and Pinus forests in New Zealand and from Eucalyptus forest in Australia. In ecology and macro-morphology, this species is similar to the Northern Hemisphere species C. phlyctido-spora, but the new species differs in morphological characters of the basidiospore, i....

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 675–684 Community assembly history is increasingly recognized as a fundamental determinant of community structure. However, little is known as to how assembly history may affect ecosystem functioning via its effect on community structure. Using wood-decaying fungi as a model system, we provide experimental evidence that l...

The role of fungi in determining rates of wood decomposition and nutrient release in forest ecosystems is poorly understood. The decomposition of wood from three species of Nothofagus by 12 species of widely occurring New Zealand wood-decay fungi was investigated in vitro under standardized conditions. Wood mass loss varied strongly among fungal sp...

We describe and illustrate three Heterobasidion species distributed in East Asia, based on both dried specimens and cultures. Heterobasidion parviporum, formerly known as H. annosum from Asia, is characterized by effused-reflexed basidiocarps with cuticulate pilei, small round pores, thin context and short tubes in each layer. Examination of the ty...

We describe and illustrate three Heterobasidion species distributed in East Asia, based on both dried specimens and cultures. Heterobasidion parviporum, formerly known as H. annosum from Asia, is characterized by effused-reflexed basidiocarps with cuticulate pilei, small round pores, thin context and short tubes in each layer. Examination of the ty...

Background/Question/Methods Carbon dynamics and other ecosystem processes have proven difficult to explain as they often appear idiosyncratic. Recent studies have identified community structure such as species diversity and composition as a major determinant of ecosystem processes. However, community structure itself often appears idiosyncratic,...

The rigorous study of processes shaping geographic distributions of lineages is a relatively new and emerging field in mycology. While it was previously generally believed that most fungi have wide distributions and largely unstructured populations, recent studies have shown that this is not the case. The study of distributions in tandem with molec...

We examined phylogeographic relationships in the cosmopolitan polypore fungus Ganoderma applanatum and allies, and conservatively infer a possible age of origin for these fungi. Results indicate that it is very unlikely that members of this species complex diversified before the break-up of Gondwana from Laurasia ca 120M years ago, and also before...

The phylogenetic relationships of two Japanese Heterobasidion species, H. annosum sensu lato and an undetermined species, were revealed based on three gene loci, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd), heat shock protein (hsp) and elongation factor 1-alpha (ef). The tree, based on combined data of gpd, hsp and ef, showed that Japanese H. an...

An annotated list is provided of 450 taxa of fungi (including oomycetes and myxomycetes) that have been recorded in New Zealand in close association with teatree, that is, species of Kunzea and Leptospermum. Nearly all records refer to fungi growing with K. ericoides (kanuka) or L. scoparium (manuka), as ectomycorrhizal mycobionts, endophytes, path...

The phylogenetic relationships of two Japanese Heterobasidion species, H. annosum sensu lato and an undetermined species, were revealed based on three gene loci, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd), heat shock protein (hsp) and elongation factor 1-α (ef). The tree, based on combined data of gpd, hsp and ef, showed that Japanese H. annosu...

Four species of Favolaschia are accepted for New Zealand: F. calocera, F. pustulosa, and two new species F. cyatheae and F. austrocyatheae. Favolaschia cyatheae, F. austrocyatheae, and F. pustulosa are native to New Zealand. Favolaschia calocera, first described from Madagascar, has also been previously reported from New Zealand, Norfolk Island, an...

A brief account of the fungi found in New Zealand on cabbage trees (Cordyline spp.) and New Zealand flaxes (Phormium spp.) is followed by an annotated listing of all fungi known to grow on living or dead parts of these endemic monocotyledonous plants. Records have been gleaned mainly from the New Zealand Fungal Herbarium (PDD) and its associated da...

A brief account of fungi associated with nikau (Rhopalostylis sapida and R. baueri var. cheesemanii), in New Zealand is followed by an annotated listing of all fungi known to grow on living or dead parts of these endemic palms. Records have been gleaned mainly from the New Zealand Fungal Collection (PDD) and its associated database, and from the li...

Until recently, fungi have been omitted from conservation initiatives in New Zealand and Australia, despite their importance to biodiversity, to ecosystem functioning, and to humanity. Whole ecosystem conservation has been assumed to encompass fungi along with other biota. In a renewed assessment of threat status by the New Zealand Department of Co...

The biogeographic distribution of ammonia fungi is reviewed using collection records of ammonia fungi, mainly obtained by artificial applications of urea in the field and in laboratory experiments. Distribution records are fragmentary at a global scale. However, generally speaking, the biogeographic distribution of ectomycorrhizal ammonia fungi app...

 Coprinopsis phlyctidospora (syn: Coprinus phlyctidosporus) from the Netherlands, Japan, New Zealand, and Australia can be segregated into two groups, northern and southern, based on the nucleotide sequences of their ITS regions. The mating type of a C. phlyctidospora isolate was tetrapolar. Mating reactions were compatible between monokaryotic tes...

A brief account of fungi associated with kauri (Agathis australis) in New Zealand is followed by an annotated listing of all fungi known to grow on living or dead parts of this endemic tree. Records have been gleaned mainly from the New Zealand Fungal Herbarium (PDD), Herbarium of Forest Research (NZFRI(M)), and the literature. The fungi include fe...

Taxonomic knowledge of the Aphyllophorales of Australasia is reviewed. Recent literature is cited for groups of Aphyllophorales arranged pragmatically by type of hymenophore (polypore fungi (poroid and related lamellate taxa), corticioid, clavarioid, hydnoid, cantharelloid, cupuloid), along with numbers of recorded species, estimates of endemism an...

The role of fungi in the decomposition of wood in the peach forests is discussed. Wood decay occurred by fungal enzymatic dissolution of the wood cell walls composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. A complex mixture of wood of different states of decay was used to maintain diversity of Saprobic decay fungi.

The type specimens of Perenniporia clelandii (Lloyd)Ryvarden, Perenniporia subcretacea (Lloyd) Ryvarden,Perenniporia subaurantiaca (Rodw. & Clel.)P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden, Perenniporia oviformisG.Cunn. ex P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden, andPerenniporia podocarpi P.K.Buchanan & Hood, alloriginally described from Australasia, as well as ofPerenniporia clelan...

An annotated list is provided of 906 taxa of fungi (including oomycetes and myxomycetes) which have been recorded in New Zealand in close association with the five endemic taxa of Nothofagus (southern beech), as ectomycorrhizal mycobionts, pathogens, or saprobes causing decay of wood and leaves. The list has been compiled from data associated with...

A phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer regions of the nuclear ribosomal RNA region (ITS) sequences has been undertaken for species in the genus Schizopora. Four known species were studied, viz. S. radula, S. paradoxa, S. flavipora, S. nothofagi, and a hitherto undescribed species from Taiwan. Allopatric differentiation was app...

Saprobic fungal taxa on decomposing mountain beech (Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook. f.) Poole) logs were investigated in relation to properties of logs including stage of decay, size, nutrient concentration, and moisture content. We also determined whether logs become increasingly heterogeneous in nutrient concentration and moisture...

Six new species of New Zealand polypore fungi are described and illustrated. Antrodia novaezelandiae sp. nov. has resupinate basidiocarps with regular, angular, straw‐coloured pores, and allantoid spores. Byssomerulius psittacinus sp. nov. is easily recognised in the field by bright reddish purple, resupinate basidiocarps which fade on drying to va...

A brief history of taxonomic research on New Zealand polypore fungi is given, followed by a checklist of published New Zealand records of these fungi. In total, 169 Poroid taxa a accepted, of which 48 have currently misapplied or uncertain names. A further 359 names used for New Zealand polypore fungi are cited as synonyms, and 33 names are treated...

An annotated list is presented of all fungi known to be associated with indigenous species of Metrosideros in New Zealand. This includes information on 209 species of fungi, with records taken from the literature, as well as unpublished information associated with specimens held in Herbarium PDD and in Herbarium NZFRI(M). There are relatively few p...

Fungal sporocarps of selected species were collected from two substrates (standing dead spars and fallen logs, and the forest floor) in mountain beech (Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides) forest. Sporocarp C, N, P, Ca, K, Mg, Si, Al, andNa concentrations were determined. There was considerable variation in mineral element concentrations betwee...

Three new species are described from misidentified collections of New Zealand polypore fungi. Postia globicystidia sp. nov. is characterised by globular cystidial elements arising from generative hyphae. Diplomitoporus cunninghamii sp. nov. has a pseudo‐dimitic hyphal system, allantoid spores, and effused‐reflexed basidiocarps. Polyporus septosporu...

Two new multipileate species of Postia (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycotina) are described. Postia brunnea sp. nov. is characterised by a compound fruit-body with imbricate pilei, a brown, dark umbrinous upper pileus surface, hyphal walls that partially dissolve in KOH, and ellipsoid (somewhat pip- or D-shaped) spores with slightly thickened walls. The s...

Eight species of Psilocybe are reported from New Zealand: P. argentina, P. aucklandii, P. coprophila, P. makarorae sp. nov., P. novae-zelandiae, P. semilanceata, P. subaeruginosa, and P. subcoprophila. Of these, P. aucklandii, P. makarorae, P. subaeruginosa, and P. semilanceata stain blue-green with damage, a reaction characteristic of Psilocybe sp...

Six species of Pleurotus (Fr.) P.Kumm, are recognised. Descriptions are given for P. purpureoolivaceus comb. nov. (= P. rattenbulyi), P. velatus sp. nov. and P. parsonsii. Three new records, P. australis, P. opuntiae and P. pulmonarius, are described from New Zealand material, and cultural characters and mating systems are reported. An anamorphic s...

Twenty-six taxa described by J.B. Cleland, L. Rodway and E. Cheel in the Polyporaceae have been reviewed and the type specimens examined. The name of 1 species is accepted, 16 taxa are treated as synonyms of existing names, 3 lacked type material or material was inadequate to support an identification, and new combinations are proposed for 6 names:...

Two new species of Aphyllophorales are described from New Zealand: Perenniporia podocarpi and Plicaturopsis scarlatinus. Eight species are newly recorded from New Zealand, and an earlier record of one species is substantiated with specimens. The new combinations, Aurantioporus pulcherrimus (Rodway) comb. nov. and Phanerochaete rosea (P. Henn.) comb...

All species described by G. H. Cunningham in Pellicularia and Peniophora are revised; additional details and illustrations are given. A new genus, Palifer, is erected to accommodate Peniophora verecunda. The following new combinations are proposed: Ceraceomyces cerebrosus, Chondrostereum vesiculosum, Gloeocystidiellum inconstans, G. sacratum, Gyrop...

Two new taxa, Tremella tawa McNabb and T. vesiculosa McNabb, are described and illustrated. The species were first recognised as undescribed and named by R. F. R. McNabb, but he died before publishing the names.

The Coelomycete fungus Ascochyta paspali (H. Sydow) Punith., causing leaf stripe disease of Paspalum dilatatum Poir., is described in New Zealand. The disease is widespread in the northern half of the North Island. Leaf lesions are elongate and light brown to greyish brown. The fungus, sporulating within lesions, produces pale brown, 1(-3) septate,...

Mycelium of Ascochyta paspali can grow systemically in xylem vessels of roots leaves and inflorescences of paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum). Symptoms of leaf stripe disease occur only on a proportion of the leaves that are infected. The fungus occurs in the host throughout the year, both as a pathogen and as an endophyte. No teleomorph has been found....

Unlike many saprobic edible mushrooms, few of the edible mycorrhizal mushrooms can be cultivated. The market is supplied with what can be collected in the Northern Hemisphere during the few months of the year that each species fruits. Most do not preserve well and few have made the accidental journey from the Northern to the Southern Hemisphere. Th...

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