Pete Lestrel

• Ph.D.
• University of California, Los Angeles

Abstract In this paper we attempted to modify Bongaarts' model considering all fetal wastage for estimating approximately true value of TFR. Also, it was found the effect of proximate variables on change the level of fertility during 1975 to 2007 in Bangladesh. For this study, data were extracted from Bangladesh Contraceptive Prevalence Surveys, Ba...

Body mass index (BMI) is a good indicator of nutritional status in a population. In underdeveloped countries like Bangladesh, this indicator pro-vides a method that can assist intervention to help eradicate many preventable diseases. This study aimed to report on changes in the BMI of married Bangla-deshi women who were born in the past three decad...

Menstrual disturbances generally affect the daily activities of young females. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of anthropometric measures and sociodemographic factors on menstrual disturbances among university students in Bangladesh. Data were collected from 995 stu-dents from Rajshahi University using a stratified sampling techn...

Secular changes in the head and body dimensions of the Japanese population were recorded during the last century, but studies on Japanese adult facial shape were poorly documented. This study aimed to document the secular changes in facial shape and their association with craniofacial measures of Japanese adult female students. Data were collected...

Two major views of human evolution have elicited considerable controversy. These are: [1] the "out of Africa" hypothesis and [2] the "multiregional" hypothesis. This paper is an attempt to try to reconcile these two scenarios using hominid cranial vault data. Elliptical Fourier functions (EFFs) were used to describe, in visual and numerical terms,...

Age at menarche has been shown to be an important indicator for diseases such as breast cancer and ischaemic heart disease. The aim of the present study was to document secular trends in age at menarche and their association with anthropometric measures and socio-demographic factors in university students in Bangladesh. Data were collected from 995...

This study was designed to identify possible craniofacial measurements that have an influence on the cephalic index (CI) of Japanese adult females. The total sample used in the current study consisted of 832 healthy Japanese adults. The subjects were all of Japanese birth and ancestry. The age range of the subjects was between 18-25 years. Eight cr...

An approach, computational shape analysis (CSA), is presented here which utilizes a Fourier-wavelet representation to numerically describe shape features of biological forms. Two elements are involved: 1) elliptical Fourier functions (EFFs), to provide estimates of global aspects, and 2) continuous wavelet transforms (CWTs) to generate an objective...

The aim was to study secular changes in head dimensions of Japanese adult males. The subjects were all of Japanese birth and Japanese ancestry. The age range of the subjects was between 18 and 25 years. Four head measurements were taken: head length, head breadth, head height and head circumference. In addition, stature and body weight were also me...

The aim of this work is to document secular changes in the head dimensions of Japanese adult females. The data set of the current study was compared with two others, one covering 19101917 and the other 1975-1979. The subjects of the present study were all of Japanese birth and ancestry, and were aged 18-25 years. Four head dimensions were measured:...

Dental crowding is defined as a discrepancy between tooth size and jaw size that results in a misalignment of the tooth row. Proposed reasons for crowding include excessively large teeth, small jaws, and a combination of both. Nevertheless, the parameters that would allow the prediction of crowding have not been identified. This study compared the...

We present a new approach called computational shape analysis, which utilizes a Fourier-wavelet representation for characterizing shape features of 2-D forms commonly encountered in a wide set of sub-disciplines within the biological sciences. The morphology of interest consists of the human cranial base (CB) as depicted on lateral cephalometric ra...

The presence of secular trends in sex differences for the onset or takeoff of the adolescent growth spurt and subsequent (adolescent) growth of Japanese boys and girls were investigated using data published in "The Statistical Report of the School Health Survey" of the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan. An optimum kernel reg...

The presence of secular trends in the onset or takeoff of the adolescent growth spurt and subsequent adolescent growth of Japanese boys and girls were investigated using data published in "The Statistical Report of the School Health Survey" by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan. An optimum kernel regression method was use...

Elliptical Fourier functions (EFF) were generated for the boundary outline of the mandibular form in 24 non-orthodontic growth study subjects at 9, 11, 13, and 15 years of age. The mean residual fit (observed versus predicted points) of the mandibular form was 0.11 mm, with a range from 0.09 to 0.14 mm, suggesting an accurate fit. The mean plot for...

A method is presented for the numerical analysis of sex differences in size and shape of the proximal humeral outlines using elliptical Fourier functions (EFFs). A skeletal sample consisting of right and left humeri pairs of 69 individuals, 36 males and 33 females, was used. The proximal superior view in the plane of the proximo-distal axis of each...

The purpose of this study was to compare the shape of the maxilla in Norma lateralis of cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients with non-CLP controls matched for sex and age. This study utilized elliptical Fourier functions to assess the presence of residual shape changes in the cleft palate maxilla after treatment, compared with controls. Longitudinal...

Elliptical Fourier functions (EFF) were generated for the boundary outlines of the hard tissue craniofacial complex including the maxilla, mandible, and cranial base in order to quantitatively describe adult patients (n = 98) who were initially classified into nine skeletal groups by a combination of conventional cephalometric measures and clinical...

The application of various functional appliances to correct antero-posterior skeletal discrepancies in the treatment of Class III malocclusion has received increased attention. In this context, elliptical Fourier functions (EFF) are particularly useful for eliciting boundary-outline information. This longitudinal study was undertaken to visually an...

Photographs (norma occipitalis) of Japanese adult skulls (n = 171) were mathematically described with Fourier analysis to assess shape changes over time. The materials used were adult male skulls excavated from the Kanto District and covered four age-periods; Jomon (2000-1000 BC). Kamakura (14C. AD), Muromachi (15C. AD). and Edo (18C. AD). Mean raw...

The primate cranial base (CB) represents a complex irregular structure even when limited to two dimensions, making it difficult to describe quantitatively using the conventional metrical approach composed of angles and distances. Consequently, a curve-fitting procedure, elliptical Fourier functions (EFF), was utilized; which accurately defines the...

Functional appliances are now routinely used in orthodontic treatment to correct anteroposterior skeletal discrepancies, based on the assumption that existing functional patterns can be modified to yield a new morphological pattern. However, the mechanisms by which this correction occurs remain in dispute as current measurement procedures, primaril...

This study demonstrated the feasibility and utility of fitting a Fourier function to the facial profile to accurately characterize changes in shape associated with aging, orthodontic or prosthodontic treatment, and orthognathic surgery. In contrast to conventional metric approaches, Fourier analysis provided a detailed measurement of the facial pro...

Because the majority of morphological structures encountered in Biology are irregular in form, conventional metrics composed of distances, angles and ratios, are inefficient shape descriptors. To circumvent this drawback in the application of morphometrics to describe 2 dimensional shapes, an alternative procedure based on Fourier analysis was deve...

It is increasingly recognized by quantitative morphologists that the use of the conventional metrical approach (CMA), consisting of linear distances, angles, and ratios, to describe the size and shape of complex morphological forms as well as the shape changes between forms, is a procedure that is inherently deficient. Conventional metrics were des...

A generalized procedure, elliptical Fourier analysis, for accurately characterizing the shape of complex morphological forms of the type commonly encountered in the biological sciences, is described. Elliptical Fourier functions are derived as a parametric formulation from conventional Fourier analysis, i.e., as a pair of equations that are functio...

Fourier analysis, a curve-fitting procedure, was selected to determine age-related shape changes in the midsaggital cranial base (CB) outline. The results were compared with the commonly used CB angle (Nasion-Sella-Basion), which is insensitive to the CB irregularities and includes Nasion, a non-CB landmark. The midsaggital CB outline was measured...

Because the cranial base has an irregular morphology, the utilization of conventional metrics, e.g., the cranial base angle (basin-sella-basion), cannot efficiently measure its shape. To circumvent this drawback, an alternative procedure based on Fourier analysis was developed and applied to the cranial base. Serial data, from 30 females and 30 mal...

The cranial base midsaggital aspect was analyzed longitudinally in 16 male and 6 female Macaca nemestrina using standardized cephalometric radiographs. Because the cranial base angle includes the superiorly-directed growth of the frontal bone, a procedure which minimizes the influence of the frontal aspect was required. Using Fourier analysis, diff...

Most time-dependent processes such as growth are characterized by changes in size and shape. An accurate assessment of such morphological changes at specific points in time and over time has remained problematic. The conventional metrical approach, consisting of a comparatively few and subjectively chosen distances, angles, and ratios remains an in...

Cephalometric measurements of the cortical thickness of the inferior mandibular border and the inferior aspect of the mandibular symphysis were compared in two groups of subjects, one with complete dentition and the other wearing complete maxillary and mandibular dentures. Although the cortical thickness of the inferior mandibular border increased...

The tendency toward relapse in intercuspid width has been examined with those cases having final intercuspid width less than 27 mm showing significantly less relapse than those cases with final intercuspid width of 28 mm or more. The point of contact between the cuspid and first premolar has been introduced as a key point on the arch, determining a...

The applicability of Fourier analysis to quantitate the midsagittal cranial base has been demonstrated utilizing fetal Macaca nemestrina. This methodology accurately measures the irregular form of the endocranial profile, minimizes the effects of size, and maximizes shape differences. This method provides a quantitative dimension to the descriptive...

A shape comparison of two forms requires a procedure that ensures comparability. A computer program has been written to compute a quantitative measure of shape differences between irregular bounded forms. The curve-fitting procedure, utilizing Fourier's series, is particularly well-suited for two-dimensional closed forms. The program provides sever...

A quantitative description of the shape of the distal femur is provided by Fourier analysis. Fourier analysis also facilitates the separation of the size and shape components which allows the removal of the distorting effect of size. Hence, comparisons between the hominoid groups can be based solely on shape. A sample of 91 hominoid distal femora f...

A comparative study of individuals exhibiting the trisomy 21 syndrome (Down's) and a normal group has shown statistically significant differences in cranial shape (norma lateralis). These differences illustrate the departure from normal growth seen in individuals displaying the trisomy 21 syndrome. Fourier analysis is a preferred method since it is...

Fourier analysis, in contrast with the conventional metrical approach, is particularly well suited for studies of longitudinal growth since the method permits the accurate measurement of irregular morphological shapes. A longitudinal analysis of lateral cephalometric radiographs (15 males and 15 females) revealed the presence of an adolescent growt...

This paper represents a revision of the regression estimates proposed in an earlier version (Journal of Human Evolution 1973 2, 405–411). An attempt has been made to incorporate new fossil material and the increasing number of absolute dates. The results of this new analysis suggest that the trend in the relationship of hominid cranial capacity wit...

The application of a linear regression approach to hominid data shows that there is more regularity in hominid cranial capacity over time than has been supposed. Two outcomes of this analysis are: (1) the possibility that the South African Australopithecus africanus sites are older than the presently accepted estimates of perhaps around 2·5 million...

Although there seems to be a regular relation of protein change versus time via an exponential equation of the form ID =e(kt), nevertheless, examination of the data indicates that such an exponential fit may be premature. Two other models, ID = kt + b and ID = bt(k) + c represent better fits. Without better data none of the models appears convincin...

This paper describes the use of the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) for characterizing shape features of 3D structures, more exactly contour-based 3D landmarks. The goal is to explore the CWT as a multiscale tool to generate rotation-and translation-invariant shape features.

The objective of this investigation was to establish clinical 'norms' of craniofacial skeletal orientation and the associated soft tissue facial profile for adult white males. Lateral and frontal cephalometric radiographs and study casts taken on 305 white males, with 28 or more teeth and 25-75 years of age, were used to develop these craniofacial...