Pérez-Álvarez, Marino

University of Oviedo | UNIOVI · Department of Psychology

This chapter sets out the increasing evidence that makes it clear that the understanding of psychosis from the biomedical perspective has reached its limits. It is proposed that this depletion has to do with the scientific model on which the research carried out from the biomedical model is based on, a statistical-mechanistic one. Against it, a hol...

1. Introducción. 2. Perspectivas futuras y retos en la prevención de la conducta suicida. 2.1. Visión de conjunto. 2.2. Modelos teóricos: rescatando a la persona. 2.3. Tecnologías de la información: la hora de la evaluación ambulatoria. 2.4. Avances en evaluación y medición: la necesidad de lo cualitativo. 2.5. Cuestiones metodológicas. 2.6. Interv...

Gender dysphoria in childhood and adolescence is currently more under the domain of queer ideology than within scientific and professional knowledge. This dominance of ideology translates into important practical consequences such as self-determination of gender identity based on sentiment and affirmative therapy of felt identity as the only accept...

La disforia de género en la infancia y la adolescencia está hoy en día más bajo el domino de la ideología queer que dentro de los conocimientos científicos y profesionales. Este dominio de la ideología se traduce en importantes consecuencias prácticas como la autodeterminación de la identidad de género con base en el sentimiento y la terapia afirma...

Background: As Mariano Yela is one of the most eminent Spanish psychologists, the centenary of his birth is a good occasion to revisit his work. Despite being best known for his contributions to psychometrics, Yela has also made important contributions to theoretical psychology, with particular interest in the question of its unity-diversity. Met...

This article examines in depth whether electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) satisfies bioethics’ four healthcare provision principles: nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, and autonomy. Treating patients ethically implies protecting them from damages, working to ensure their well-being, and respecting their decisions once they have been correctly infor...

Background: The empirical evidence accumulated on the efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency of psychotherapeutic treatments in children and adolescents calls for an update. The main goal of this paper objective was to carry out a selective review of empirically supported psychological treatments for a variety of common psychological disorders and...

Antecedentes: los tratamientos psicológicos han mostrado su eficacia, efectividad y eficiencia para el abordaje de los trastornos mentales; no obstante, considerando el conocimiento científico generado en los últimos años, no se dispone de trabajos de actualización en español sobre cuáles son los tratamientos psicológicos con respaldo empírico. El...

Evidence-Based Psychological Treatments for Adults: A Selective Review. Background: Psychological treatments have shown their effi cacy, effectiveness, and effi ciency in dealing with mental disorders. However, considering the scientifi c knowledge generated in recent years, in the Spanish context, there are no updating studies about empirically su...

Antecedentes: los tratamientos psicológicos han mostrado su efi cacia, efectividad y efi ciencia para el abordaje de los trastornos mentales; no obstante, considerando el conocimiento científi co generado en los últimos años, no se dispone de trabajos de actualización en español sobre cuáles son los tratamientos psicológicos con respaldo empírico....

Aim: This study attempts to demonstrate the relevance of the socio-cultural model of drugs in explaining the impressive development of ecstasy in the last 45 years. Method: First the study describes the use of ecstasy by groups which have left their imprint on the substance: university students, gays, yuppies and the “New Age” movement. Then the l...

Como continuación de la parte primera, el presente trabajo trata de comprender el uso del electroshock, una técnica cuya efectividad no ha sido inequívocamente demostrada. La falta de evidencia concluyente ha generado consensos que no proceden de un genuino debate interdisciplinario. El concepto de inhibición terapéutica carece de fundamento. El el...

This two-part paper exposes in a critical way the background and evidence to enable us to comprenhend the use of electroshock for different psychopathological disorders. Our aim is to find out how and why certain psychiatrists indicate this technique, some patients accept it, the health institutions endorse it, and certain scientific societies atte...

This two-part paper exposes in a critical way the background and evidence to enable us to comprenhend the use of electroshock for different psychopathological disorders. Our aim is to find out how and why certain psychiatrists indicate this technique, some patients accept it, the health institutions endorse it, and certain scientific societies atte...

This paper and its first part attempt to comprehend the use of electroshock, a technique whose effectiveness has not been unequivocally demonstrated. The lack of conclusive evidence has generated consensus, but it does not come from a genuine interdisciplinary debate. The concept of therapeutic inhibition is unfounded. Electroshock reduces the sens...

https://edicionespiramide.es/libro.php?id=5641422 La Psicología española está de enhorabuena. Tiene entre sus manos el primer compendio científico que aborda un tópico hasta ahora no cubierto por ningún manual español: el tratamiento psicológico de la psicosis. El objetivo de esta obra es contribuir a mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas con...

The book offers a comprehensive critique of Positive Psychology (its scientific and applied weaknesses, its metaphysical historical origin, its political connection with neoliberalism) and an alternative view of happiness and human life made upon an alternative view of psychology as a science (and of the role of political issues in social sciences)...

Background: From a contextual transdiagnostic approach, this study focuses on the importance of the processes of Experiential Avoidance and Activation in explaining and treating psychological problems. There exists widespread empirical evidence to suggest that the response pattern known as Experiential Avoidance, a general unwillingness to remain i...

Despite its buoyant expansion, psychology is still also buoyant in the sense that it is floating without a clear definition regarding the science of what it is exactly. The landscape of psychology remains strikingly fragmented. Its most cherished conception as a science of mind and behavior leads to more problems than it solves, among them the dual...

Esta obra trata de sintetizar el estado de la cuestión en lo concerniente a la evaluación de los trastornos del espectro psicótico. La razón de su nacimiento es bien sencilla: aún no existía en español un compendio de estas características. Hasta el momento, únicamente se había abordado esta temática parcialmente en manuales generales de evaluación...

The turn of qualitative inquiry suggests a more open, plural conception of psychology than just the science of the mind and behavior as it is most commonly defined. Historical, ontological and epistemological binding of this conception of psychology to the positivist method of natural science may have exhausted its possibilities, and after having c...

Background: Behavioral activation (BA) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) are considered particularly useful treatments when dealing with emotional problems of cancer survivors. The effi cacy of these two treatments, applied on a group basis, were evaluated and compared. Method: An analysis was carried out of pre-post treatment changes in...

Background: Negative symptoms represent the main cause of disability in schizophrenia, having recently been grouped into two general dimensions: avolition and diminished emotional expression, which includes affective flattening and alogia. The aim of this study was to explore the response of these two symptoms to a set of behavioral interventions...

Research suggests that the progressive abandonment of activities in cancer patients are related to depression and worse quality of life. Behavioral activation (BA) encourages subjects to activate their sources of reinforcement and modify the avoidance responses. This study assesses the effectiveness of BA in improving quality of life and preventing...

Purpose: This study analyses the premise that less time spent carrying out valuable activities and inflexible avoidance of thoughts, feelings and memories related to the oncological process may play an important role in the emotional problems of cancer survivors. Methods: Emotional state was evaluated, as was quality of life and psychological fl...

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most well-established and at the same time controversial disorders to the extreme of being placed in doubt. In the first of two parts, the established position is critically reviewed, beginning with showing fallacious reasoning on which the diagnosis is based, lacking clinical proof. Sim...

RESUMEN: El presente trabajo expone brevemente la visión que b.F. Skinner mantenía sobre las alucinaciones como fenómenos psicológicos, y defiende su vigencia y relevancia hoy en día. Para ello se parte de la concepción skinneriana sobre las conductas de percibir, imaginar y soñar. Se insiste en que, según el genial psicólogo americano, las diferen...

We know a great deal about schizophrenia, but the current state of the art is one of uncertainty. Researchers are confused, and patients feel misunderstood. This situation has been identified as due largely to the fact that the dominant neurobiological perspective leaves out the person. The aim of the present article is to review and integrate a se...

Diverse studies support the central role of Thought-Action Fusion (TAF) and other metacognitive variables in the understanding of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptomatology. However, a more detailed study of the involvement of these variables is needed. This article seeks to assess the possible mediating role of the factors of the Metacogni...

The case of a young man who had terrible voices from a mental health unit for first psychotic episodes is exposed. After referring the biographical background, we focus on the experiences of voices and attitudes towards them. Next, the case is formulated according to the disturbance-ipseity model. The idea here is that psychotic symptoms represent...

El presenta trabajo ofrece una visión crítica y reconstructiva de la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT) aplicada a la esquizofrenia. Dado que la terapia partía de concepciones psicopatológicas transdiagnósticas, no fue difícil expandir el tratamiento al ámbito de los síntomas psicóticos, existiendo razones conceptuales, clínicas y experimenta...

Definido el papel del psicólogo en el campo de la salud, no se dejarían de reconocer, sin embargo, ciertas dificultados para su implantación efectiva. Estas dificultades son tanto de competencia profesional como de actuación. En particular, este trabajo llama la atención hacia determinadas habilidades profesionales de carácter social que el psicólo...

The supposed science of happiness appropriated by positive psychology (PP) is reviewed on its own scientific empirical and theoretical basis. It begins by showing that even its best formulations, such as Lyubomirsky’s positive-activity model and Fredrickson’s broaden-and-build theory probably are, consist more than anything else of common sense tau...

This study was designed to ascertain the associations between public and private self-focused attention and individuals’ relationships with their voices (auditory verbal hallucinations). A sample of 60 subjects with psychiatric disorders who heard voices were given a series of scales to measure their relationship with their voices, self-focused att...

Este estudio investiga la relación entre el dolor que experimentan personas con enfermedades reumáticas y su personalidad. La hipótesis propuesta apunta a que los estilos más desadaptativos de la personalidad normal se relacionarán con el nivel de dolor.

This article describes the construction and psychometric properties of the DAIMON Scale for measuring a person’s interaction with his/her voices from the point of view of their pragmatic and dialogical characteristics in a sample of mental health service users who hear voices. Reliability was calculated using the Chronbach’s α, and test-retest and...

The purpose of this study was to adapt the 'Voice and You' Scale (VAY) (Hayward, Denney, Vaughan, & Fowler, 2008) to Spanish and explore its psychometric properties for measuring the perceived relationship with voices. A sample of 50 psychiatric patients with verbal auditory hallucinations (48 had a psychotic disorder and two a borderline personali...

The purpose of this study is to offer a model in which auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) can be conceptualized as dialogical experiences. This model is of interest in that it integrates several different perspectives (phenomenological, cognitive, social, and evolutionary) and the findings of empirical research on the subject. Hallucinations are...

Hypnosis has often been considered a mysterious phenomenon. In recent decades, procedures have been developed that have allowed us to explain this behavior in terms of variables of social or cognitive theories. However, previous approaches have not permitted formulating or delimiting the conditions that are responsible for following suggestions or...

Se empieza por destacar la Teoría de la Conducta de Ribes y colegas como el sistema psicológico probablemente con mayor grado de cientificidad. Se destaca también la figura del propio Emilio Ribes como un psicólogo total. El artículo a comentar es sitúa en este contexto. Se refiere al desligamiento funcional como la propiedad que define al comporta...

It begins by highlighting the Theory of Behavior by Ribes and colleagues, as probably the psychological system with greater degree of scientific nature. The figure of Emilio Ribes himself is also highlighted as a total psychologist. The target article is situated in this context. It refers to the functional detachment as the property that defines t...

Background: Psychological therapies are becoming more and more important in schizophrenia, and not as mere adjuncts to medication. The psychotherapy of schizophrenia is taking on a new lease of life in the wake of person-based phenomenological and psychological developments. Method: The case in question was a complex one, with variegated symptom...

The general life satisfaction is the core indicator of subjective well being, a significant health public parameter. This research aims at describing satisfaction with life of people suffering chronic diseases and at determining what personality characteristics are more adaptive in such conditions. For this purpose the total sample of 160 subjects...

Este es un trabajo de discusión teórica que indaga sobre la psicología del �efecto placebo� (EP) y las posibilidades de su recuperación clínica. Tiene cuatro partes. En la primera, se exponen los resultados básicos, conforme a las pautas estándar e inversa en la ocurrencia del EP. En la segunda se revisan críticamente las explicaciones en términos...

Background: Magical thinking consists of accepting the possibility that events that, according to the causal concepts of a culture, cannot have any causal relationship, but might somehow nevertheless have one. Magical thinking has been related to both obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investi...

La invención de trastornos mentales se extiende a la infancia. Algunos problemas que tienen los adultos con la atención, la actividad y el humor de los niños están siendo capitalizados por la industria farmacéutica como dianas para la comercialización de medicamentos, sobre el supuesto de que son enfermedades cerebrales. Nos referimos, en particula...

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between childhood traumas, mindfulness, and dissociation (more specifically, absorption and depersonalization) in healthy subjects with and without hallucination proneness. A sample of 318 subjects was given the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale-Revised (R. P. Bentall & P. Slade, 1985). From...

The purpose of this work was to study the relationship between self-focused attention and mindfulness in participants prone to hallucinations and others who were not. A sample of 218 healthy participants was given the Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale-revised (LSHS-R, Bentall and Slade, 1985). Based on this sample, two groups were formed: participa...

Positive Psychology is being called into question. It has received substantial criticism, to which its advocates, naturally, have reacted. The present article sets out, above all, to establish the reasoning behind the criticisms of Positive Psychology's very foundations: positivity and scientificity. In contrast to the marked emphasis on the benefi...

Emerging from cognitive behavioural traditions, mindfulness and acceptance-based therapies hold promise as new evidence-based approaches for helping people distressed by the symptoms of psychosis. These therapies emphasise changing the relationship with unusual and troublesome experiences through cultivating experiential openness, awareness, and en...

Background: Epigenetics is changing the widely accepted linear conception of genome function by explaining how environmental and psychological factors regulate the activity of our genome without involving changes in the DNA sequence. Research has identified epigenetic mechanisms mediating between environmental and psychological factors that contri...

Metacognitions of five groups of patients (current hallucinating patients with schizophrenia, neverhallucinated people with psychosis, OCD patients, patients with schizotypical personality disorder, and a clinical control group) and a non-clinical group were compared. The study also explores the role of schizotypy on relationships between metacogni...

The purpose of this work was to study the relationship between self-focused attention and mindfulness in participants prone to hallucinations and others who were not. A sample of 218 healthy participants was given the Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale-revised (LSHS-R, Bentall and Slade, 1985). Based on this sample, two groups were formed: participa...

This work presents affinities existing between the phenomenological view of schizophrenia and recent cognitive research on this disorder. We postulate that the core abnormality in schizophrenia is a particular kind of disturbance of the sense of self, which has two main aspects, an enhanced sense of awareness or hyperreflexivity, and diminished sel...

Introduction: The purpose of this work was to study the relationship of absorption, depersonalisation, and self-focused attention in subjects prone to hallucination. Methods: A sample of 218 healthy subjects was given the LSHS-R Hallucination Scale (Bentall & Slade, 1985). Three groups, subjects with high, medium, and low hallucination proneness...

The purpose of this work was to study the relationship between reported traumatic experiences in childhood and positive psychotic symptoms. We hypothesized that dissociative experiences were potential mediators between childhood trauma and hallucinations, but not delusions. The sample comprised 71 patients diagnosed with psychoses. They were assess...

The term «third-generation therapies» refers to a series of therapies that emerge in the 1990s within the tradition of behavioral therapy. The aim of this article is to review their achievements and challenges. The method involves analyzing recent formulations of these therapies so as to identify their distinctive characteristics and the clinical i...

The purpose of this work was to study the relationship of metacognition, absorption, and depersonalization in hallucinating patients. A within-subjects correlational design was employed. We formed four groups from a clinical population (schizophrenic patients with hallucinations, schizophrenic patients with no hallucinations but with delusions, sch...

After pointing out the uncertainty and confusion to which neurobiological research has led schizophrenia, as shown and acknowledged in recent reviews, we offer seven reasons for reconsidering schizophrenia a disorder of the self, rather than of the brain. The first reason starts out conceiving schizophrenia as a disorder of the self, in the perspec...

Positive Psychology (PsP) is probably the most significant movement within psychology so far in this new century. However, in spite of its enormous success and the undoubted attractiveness of its most high-profile topics (happiness, well-being, optimism), it lacks robust scientific and philosophical bases. This article begins by arguing that PsP ha...

In this paper we present the adaptation of the Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS), developed by Kanter, Mulick, Busch, Berlin, and Martell (2007), in a Spanish sample. The psychometric properties were tested in a sample of 263 participants (124 clinical and 139 non-clinical). The results show that, just as in the original English ver...

The purpose of this work was to study the potentially mediating role of certain dissociative factors, such as depersonalization, between self-focused attention and auditory hallucinations. A total of 59 patients diagnosed with schizophrenic disorder completed a self-focused attention scale (M. F. Scheier & C. S. Carver, 198529. Scheier , M. F. and...

The article confronts the brain-centered trend invading psychology, social sciences, humanities and popular culture. Four points are discussed. First, it describes the power of neuroimaging and how much it can be stretched to supposedly explain human activities. Faced with its seduction, the emergence of a critical neuroscience, which examines cond...

Recent contributions to the theoretical conception and empirical evaluation of schizophrenia in the light of phenomenology are opening the way to new perspectives in psychotherapy. The phenomenological conception understands schizophrenia as a disturbance of the basic sense of selfhood (ipseity) characterized by hyper-reflexivity and diminished sen...

The purpose of this research was to study traumatic and dissociative experiences in a sample of Spanish psychotic patients. A total of 37 psychotic patients filled out the Dissociative Experiences Scale (E. B. Carlson & F. W. Putnam, 1993), a questionnaire on traumas (J. R. E. Davidson, D. Hughes, & D. G. Blazer, 1990), and the Positive and Negativ...

La publicación de este libro ha traído tras de sí una fuerte polémica. Especialmente por la reacción de la Sociedad Asturiana de Psiquiatría hacia los autores, tachando a éstos de inmorales, frívolos e ignorantes. La controversia puede ser revisada a través de Internet para quienes estén interesados. El libro no ha pasado desapercibido teniendo una...

Resumen: En este artículo se presenta la adapta-ción española del Environmental Reward Observation Scale o EROS (Escala de Observación de Recompensa desde el Entorno). A partir de las teorías que evidencian la estrecha relación entre el refuerzo proveniente del medio y el estado anímico -fundamento de los modernos tratamientos de Activación Conduct...

In this paper we present the Spanish adaptation of the Environmental Reward Observation Scale (EROS). Based on theories that outline the relationship between environmental reward and mood - starting point of modern Behavioral Activation treatments for depression-, Armento and Hopko (2007) developed the EROS, a brief self-report measure designed to...

This study describes the contributions that phenomenology can make to our to understanding of schizophrenia. It begins by showing that phenomenology is recovering the psychopathological tradition lost after the success of the DSM-III and the establishment of neurobiology as the dominant approach. Its contributions are described in three parts: its...

This study describes the contributions that phenomenology can make to our to understanding of schizophrenia. It begins by showing that phenomenology is recovering the psychopathological tradition lost after the success of the DSM-III and the establishment of neurobiology as the dominant approach. Its contributions are described in three parts: its...

This article deals with an application of Aristotle's four causes, the material, the formal, the efficient, and the final causes. Based on an initial systematic application, a new application is proposed in which some previously unconsidered aspects of Aristotle are developed. According to this new application, the material cause would be found in...

This work begins by proposing the need for exploring the mode of being of mental disorders. It is a philosophical study in an Aristotelian perspective, with special emphasis on the anthropological–cultural dimension. It is difficult for such an inquiry to be carried out from within psychiatry or clinical psychology, committed as these fields are to...