Pedro Schwartz

del Pino Foundation Universidad San Pablo CEU · Economics

Spain was effectively on silver from 1868 down to the II Republic in 1931. Being off the gold standard and on a depreciating silver standard from the 1890s on helped the economy adjust almost painlessly to the several economic crises it suffered during that period and resulted in a much milder recession than the rest of the world in the 1930s. This...

This article is a step towards empirically assessing how close the Eurozone is to becoming an ‘optimal currency area’, as originally defined by Mundell (1961). For this purposewe have compiled ten indicators, organised them in four partial indices, and summarised them in an overall indicator of ‘optimality’. The resulting picture is mixed, with zon...

(Abstract of the book) The UK decided not to join the euro on economic grounds. This was a decision which met with approval from the vast majority of UK liberal economists and which has been proved right by the course of events. Indeed, even the major supposed benefit of the euro – reduced currency volatility – is questionable when the volatility o...

In spite of general reductions in government spending, the prime minister has found room in the government's budget to spend money on a major survey of what makes the British people happy. This will be used, in the prime minister’s own words, to guide government policy towards improvement in general wellbeing rather than improvements in national in...

Este artículo póstumo del profesor William A. Niskanen compara con clarividencia las cuatro posibilidades de asociación que tiene ante sí la Unión Europea utilizando el criterio de cuál de estas formas de asociación consigue las máximas economías de escala. Después de señalar las sombras y las luces de la Unión Económica en áreas como la agricultur...

This paper analyzes possible arbitrage opportunities in credit derivatives markets using self-…nancing strategies combining Credit Default Swaps and Asset Swaps Packages. We present a new statistical arbitrage test based on the subsampling methodo-logy which has lower Type I error and selects arbitrage opportunities with lower downside risk than ex...

El autor hace una reflexión que pretende introducir propuestas de mejora de la calidad del sistema universitario en España. Algunas de las mejoras que defiende son los préstamos al alumnado, las desgravaciones fiscales o el bono universitario, las cuales ya han tenido aplicación con éxito en otros países. Tras analizar la preocupante falta de calid...

Responses to the financial crisis are undermining the Chinese walls painfully built between monetary and fiscal authorities. Central banks and state treasuries are working side by side as lenders of last resort. Central banks are helping economic ministers with purchases of public debt and discounting of private paper. Regulation and control of fin...

This Report compares the strategy of the ECB with that of eight other central banks, to suggest reforms in its goals, institutional arrangements and monetary instruments. Despite the comparative success of the euro as an international currency, the present financial crisis has uncovered some flaws in the functioning of the ECB that can be put in or...

This Report compares the strategy of the ECB with that of eight other central banks, to suggest reforms in its goals, institutional arrangements and monetary instruments. Despite the comparative success of the euro as an international currency, the present financial crisis has uncovered some flaws in the functioning of the ECB that can be put i...

In Spain the minimum wage appears to have no significant employment-reducing effect for workers over 18. For the under 18s, however, minimum wages and employment are negatively related. The government should consider lowering the minimum wage for younger workers.

DURING THE LAST TWENTY YEARS, SPANIARDS HAVE BEEN LED TO concentrate their attention on economic affairs. ‘Enrichissez-vous’ has been the cry of the government to all classes. World prosperity, a modicum of business freedom, some well-timed reforms, a great. deal of enterprising spirit have spelt economic success and an end to persistent underdevel...

The British Government has focused the discussion on the adoption of the euro on its economic consequences. Whilst there are economic arguments for the UK joining the euro, the political implications of the UK joining the euro are much more important. The paper discusses how the most crucial aspects of the political debate are not notions of 'sover...

EE UU y la UE mantienen una disputa por las ayudas públicas concedidas a sus compañías aeronáuticas. Los dos han declarado una moratoria para buscar una solución aceptable para ambos.

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Departamento de Análisis Económico. Fecha de lectura: 12-06-03 Bibliogr.: p. 509-532

We have been able to grow well-ordered crystalline overlayers of either alkylthiols or dodecane on the surface of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkylthiols on Au(111) by exposing the surface of a preexisting SAM to the appropriate amount of flux at carefully controlled temperatures. Low-energy helium diffraction shows that, with one notable e...

Ce rapport contient des comptes rendus bases sur les donnees du Sondage sur le recours repete a l'assurance-emploi (SRRAE).

La muerte del Profesor Lluch a manos de terroristas vascos ha segado en su plenitud una vida de la que aún cabía esperar abundantes frutos. Político socialista, escritor polémico, activo aficionado al fútbol y a la ópera, destacó sobre todo como universitario centrado en el estudio de la historia de la cultura y del pensamiento económico. Su obra c...

In an attempt to quantify the role played by the rigidity of the molecular backbone on the self-assembly process, monolayers of 4-methyl-4′-mercaptobiphenyl assembled on Au(111) were characterized by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and low-energy atomic beam diffraction. Two phases of different density were observed. In the low-density ‘striped...

To answer the question whether we should convene another Bret-ton Woods, we must find out what the problems are that would have to be solved by another such conference and what actually happened in July 1944 that was so marvelous. Problems and Memories The problems of today, which some people would solve with a new international agreement, are mone...

A low-energy atom diffraction study of the self-assembly of decanethiol on Au(111) is presented that includes both the growth kinetics and the adsorption energetics for this model system of soft/hard interfaces. Initial dosing on bare gold very rapidly forms the known low-density, lying-down, striped monolayer with a sticking coefficient close to u...

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of major compositional changes on the bioavailability of piroxicam from immediate-release formulations filled in hard gelatin capsules. The capsules were manufactured according to a 2(5-1) + star point (resolution V) experimental design to investigate the effects of sodium lauryl sulfate leve...

We present a study using several techniques of the growth of decanethiol monolayers deposited on single-crystal gold surfaces. Through independent measurements of coverage, energetics, and structure as a function of the growth rate and temperature, we provide a quantitative, in-depth description of the molecular processes by which these aliphatic m...

The technique of probing metal film growth on metal substrates with thermal energy atom scattering (TEAS) has been well demonstrated and therefore shows promise for the investigation of the growth of organic thin films on metal surfaces. He beam specular reflectivity, which is typically 30% for a surface such as Au(111), drops to very low values du...

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the impact of formulation and process changes on dissolution and bioavailability/bioequivalency of metoprolol tartrate tablets manufactured using a high-shear granulation process. A half-factorial (2(4-1), Res IV) design was undertaken to study the selected formulation and processing variables during...

Low-energy helium atom diffraction measurements of the surface structure of n-alkanethiol films deposited from a molecular beam on to the (111) face of gold single crystals (at an impingement rate on the order of 1011±1 molecules cm-2 s-1) show that the thiols form “striped” overlayers. These structures are similar to those previously seen by Duboi...

RESUMEN Las dificultades financieras de la Corona española en el Siglo de Oro favorecieron la propuesta de emparejar los ya conocidos montes de piedad con unos nuevos «erarios públicos», que facilitarian fondos a la Corona y a los particulares sin caer en la práctica nefanda de la usura, contratando a censo y no a préstamo. Las Cortes de Castilla c...

We report the observation by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low energy atom diffraction, of new, striped, structures at the surface of monolayers of n‐alkane thiols [CH3 (CH2)n−1 SH with n=8,10,12] self‐assembled on the (111) face of single crystal gold. These structures can be prepared by slow (room temperature) or thermally accelerated t...

In 1821, John Bowring published, probably with only his own additions, a manuscript of Bentham's under the title of Observations on the restrictive and prohibitory commercial system: especially with a reference to the Decree of the Spanish Cortes of July 1820 . It seems likely that Bentham's text was originally conceived as an appendix to a work th...

El joven profesor Cardoso, del Instituto Superior de Economía de la Universidad Técnica de Lisboa, publica así bajo el patrocinio de la Academia de las Ciencias de Lisboa alguno de los textos manuscritos de carácter económico de la Biblioteca de esa institución. No es éste el primer tomo de memorias de la Academia que se imprime: de hecho ya habían...

Con las presentes notas no pretendo sino lanzar la discusión entre los asistentes a estas III Jornadas sobre el enfoque conveniente para ir realizando entre todos la historia del pensamiento económico en España. Es ésta una tarea de mucha complejidad, a la que ya venimos contribuyendo los economistas e historiadores desde hace al menos dos siglos s...

This report contains a survey of the properties of Josephson-effect devices and an evaluation of their potential utility in Naval surveillance and communication systems. Emphasis was placed on finding an existing system that could be retrofitted to improve performance. The study focused on receiver front-end characteristics and signal-processing ap...

Abstract The paper explores an efficiency hypothesis regarding the contractual process between large retailers, such as Wal-Mart and Carrefour, and their suppliers. The empirical evidence presented supports the idea that large retailers play a quasi-judicialrole, acting as “courts of first instance” in their relationships with suppliers. In this ro...

The theory of International Trade should have been treated as a part of the Theory of Inter-individual Trade and the Market but economists have studied it separately because the assumption of factor immobility eases modelling and mathematical treatment. By rescuing Adam Smith's theory of international trade from obloquy this paper tries to emphasis...

The regulators in our midst see the single European financial market as something that will happen as soon as they permit it but not before—all culminating in the annus mirabilis of1992. But the causa-tion of social processes is more complicated. Interests, personalities, technological conditions, institutions, and ideas contribute to the shaping o...

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Estudio editado con motivo de la celebración en Madrid del 8º Congreso del Centro Europeo de la Empresa Pública

Estudio editado con motivo de la celebración en Madrid del 8º Congreso Europeo de la Empresa Pública

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Traducción de: Inequality reexamined Incluye bibliografía e índice

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