Pedro Jose Perez-Martinez

University of Campinas | UNICAMP · Departamento de Geotecnia e Transportes (DGT)

The current model of Brazilian cities dependent on individual transport and the low coverage of collective systems in metropolitan regions has generated problems that make it difficult for the population to move and increase pollutant emissions into the atmosphere. This article aims to analyze mobility patterns and relate them to infrastructures an...

EMISSION AND CRUST ENRICHMENT FACTORS FOR TRACE ELEMENTS (PM2.5) EMITTED BY THE VEHICLE FLEET IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL. Air pollution can cause several negative impacts on health and the environment. In large urban centers, this pollution is directly related to anthropogenic activities, mainly activities in the transportation s...

Os seres humanos, desde sempre, precisaram se locomover no espaço onde viviam devido aos mais diversos motivos. Com o passar dos tempos, diversas formas de deslocamentos foram sendo desenvolvidas, surgem então os veículos e as vias de transporte. Com a expansão das cidades, estes deslocamentos começaram a ser maiores e extensão e em quantidade, dem...

O modal rodoviário é o meio de transporte de maior utilização no Brasil, portanto, necessita de investimentos em expansão e manutenção visto que participa ativamente na economia e no desenvolvimento do país. Isto requer agilidade e rapidez na execução e alteração dos projetos de estradas, sendo necessária uma alternativa para a evolução dos process...

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is an unprecedented global health crisis and the effects may be related to environmental and socio-economic factors. In São Paulo, Brazil, the first death occurred in March 2020 and since then the numbers have grown to 175 new deaths per day in April 2021, positioning the city as the epicenter of the...

This paper presents an analysis of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the air quality of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP). The effects of social distancing are still recent in the society; however, it was possible to observe patterns of environmental changes in places that had adhered transportation measures to combat the spread of...

Hospitals host vulnerable people with potentially enhanced sensitivity to air pollutants. We measured particulate matter (PM) including PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 with a portable device in a hospital, a nearby reference building, and ambient air in Shiraz, Iran. Indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio values were calculated to infer on the origin of size-fractioned P...

The burning of biomass in pizza ovens can be an important source of air pollution. Fine particulate matter represents one of the most aggressive pollutants to human health, besides the potential to interfere with global radiative balance. A study in real-world condition was performed in three pizzerias in São Paulo city. Two of the pizzerias used e...

The study described in this manuscript analyzed the effects of quarantine and social distancing policies implemented due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on air pollution levels in four western megacities: São Paulo in Brazil; Paris in France; and Los Angeles and New York in the United States. The study investigated the levels of...

On-road freight transportation predominates in in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP), railways and other means of transportation do not have the same importance, being is responsible for around a large quantity greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions. This manuscript presents an assessment of urban road freight in the MRSP based on primary metri...

In this paper, we use origin and destination mobility surveys and high-resolution assignment and emission models to study air quality and short-lived climate pollutant impacts related to on-road transportation in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP). To begin with, we calculate transport carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel-driven v...

Aerosols are generated by a wide variety of sources, have different compositions, and have effects on climate, as well as on human health. Therefore, the analysis of aerosols in urban atmospheres has become increasingly more important. In this study, the sources of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were analyzed by complementary analytical techniques...

This study quantified the effects of traffic restrictions on diesel fuel heavy vehicles (HVs) on the air quality of the Bandeirantes corridor using hourly data obtained by continuous monitoring of traffic and air quality at sites located on this avenue. The study addressed the air quality of a city impacted by vehicular emissions and that PM10 and...

Black carbon (BC) concentration measurements were performed using a multi-angle absorption photometer (MAAP) in the eastern region of São Paulo city (EACH site) showing the dominance of heavy-duty diesel vehicle (HDV) emissions. The measurements were combined with traffic counts from a main road (the Ayrton Senna highway) that connects the city to...

We present a comprehensive review of published results from the last 30 years regarding the sources and atmospheric characteristics of particles and ozone in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP). During the last 30 years, many efforts have been made to describe the emissions sources and to analyse the primary and secondary formation of polluta...

This study develops an impact model for road freight transport and aims to analyse the sensitivity of the results to the model parameters. Scenarios are simulated to study the effect of this model on road freight transport operations. The model and the methodology are applied to the sampling data from the permanent road freight survey of the Spanis...

The urban population of South America has grown at 1.05%/yr, greater urbanization increasing problems related to air pollution. In most large cities in South America, there has been no continuous long-term measurement of regulated pollutants. One exception is São Paulo, Brazil, where an air quality monitoring network has been in place since the 197...

The impact of climatology—air temperature, precipitation and wind speed—and road traffic—vol-ume, vehicle speed and percentage of heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs)—on air quality in Madrid was studied by estimating the effect for each explanatory variable using generalized linear regression models controlling for monthly variations, days of week and param...

Burning of fuels from the transport sector is one of the main sources of air pollutants emission in urban areas. In order to implement public policies concerning air quality and public health, there is a need to develop emission inventories. Measurements inside traffic tunnels can provide an evaluation of emission factors of vehicles in-use in real...

We estimate the energy consumption of toll highway transport on a number of Spanish roads. Regression parameters are balanced according to coefficients from an empirical analysis based on survey data by vehicle type. The mean energy consumption and subsequent CO2 emissions on the toll highway sections are estimated as 1895 MJ/h/lane-km and 0.15 tCO...

In this paper we carry out a thorough review of the current research related to the benefits and costs arising from the implementation of longer and heavier vehicles (LHVs). From this review we concluded that despite the many studies available, little has been said about the sensitivity of the benefits and costs to the ultimate performance of the k...

En este estudio se han calculado las tendencias en el crecimiento del pino silvestre (Pinus sylvestris L.), desde comienzos de los años 60, en el Estado de Brandenburgo (Este de Alemania). Del mismo modo se han investigado las interacciones entre los factores que causan el crecimiento radial y en altura, como son la temperatura, la precipitación y...

In this paper we show measurements of air pollutants for a mixed vehicle fleet, heavy and light duty vehicles (HDV, LDV), in the Rodoanel and Janio Quadros tunnels in the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo (MRSP) in May-July 2011. Measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and Particle Matter (PM10) were perform...

This paper estimates the energy consumption of transport toll highways for 202 road segments and for seven vehicle types: gasoline cars, diesel cars, motorcycles, vans, articulated trucks, rigid trucks and buses. Energy consumption is related to traffic volume, Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) and Annual Average Hourly Traffic per lane (AAHT), a...

This paper studies the external costs of surface freight transport in Spain and finds that a reduction occurred over the past15 years. The analysis yields two conclusions: trucks have experienced a reduction in external costs, and rail has lower externalities. The external costs of road freight transport decrease between 1993 and 2007 (44%). The ex...

The interurban road transport is one of the largest sources of emissions within all the economical sectors of Spain and accounts for 30% of the total energy consumption and subsequent CO2 emissions. Fuel consumption, mostly gasoline and diesel, has decreased by −0.7% between 2004 and 2009 despite the increase of vehicle fleet (14.7%) and related tr...

In this paper CO2 emissions reduction targets in the Kyoto Protocol and in the energy policy of the EU are transferred to the transport sector. First, we analyze CO2 emissions from transport in the reference year (1990) and their evolution from 1990 to 2007. Later, we propose a nonlinear method ology for distributing the dynamic CO2 emissions reduc...

This paper proposes a territorial articulation study model based on a set of indicators. The indicators used in this study were urban distribution, weighted distance of road network and road accessibility. We have applied the indicators to four regions in the Spanish province of Almería: Alpujarra Almeriense, Alto y medio Almanzora, Los Vélez and P...

SUMMARY Greenhouse gas emission reduction is the pillar of the Kyoto Protocol and one of the main goals of the European Union (UE) energy policy. National reduction targets for EU member states and an overall target for the EU-15 (8%) were set by the Kyoto Protocol. This reduction target is based on emissions in the reference year (1990) and must b...

In the last few years, the European Union (EU) has become greatly concerned about the environmental costs of road transport in Europe as a result of the constant growth in the market share of trucks and the steady decline in the market share of railroads. In order to reverse this trend, the EU is promoting the implementation of additional charges f...

In the last few years, the European Union (EU) has become greatly concerned about the environmental costs of road transport in Europe as a result of the constant growth in the market share of trucks and the steady decline in the market share of railroads. In order to reverse this trend, the EU is promoting the implementation of additional charges f...

This paper provides a new methodology for estimating fuel consumption and emissions by enabling a correct comparison between freight transportation modes. The approach is developed and integrated as a part of an intelligent transportation system dealing with goods movement. A key issue is related to energy consumption ratios and consequent CO2 emis...

This paper studies the energy consumption and subsequent CO2 emissions of road highway transportation under three toll systems in Spain for four categories of vehicles: cars, vans, buses and articulated trucks. The influence of toll systems is tested for a section of AP-41 highway between Toledo and Madrid. One system is free flow, other is traditi...

ABSTRACT This paper shows that the concentrations of sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide have decreased due to the increment of the quality of fuels and more preventive vehicle emission standards developed during the study period. However, the concentrations of nitrogen oxides, particle matter and ozone have been kept despite the improvement of the...

This study analyzes trends in freight transport, energy use, and greenhouse gas emissions in Spain from 1990 to 2007. Freight transport contributes 8.5% of Spain's greenhouse gas emissions. The emissions have experienced a 68% increase from 1990, which is 53% above the level that Spain committed to under the Kyoto Protocol; road freight made up mos...

This paper shows how the methodologies used in current practice might lead to an underestimation of energy consumption by different passenger transport modes, and also offers recommendations for improvements to these methodologies. The first recommendation is related to energy consumption rates. The studies reviewed use traditional energy consumpti...

The transport of freight and passengers has grown linked to economic growth, but at a higher rate, especially for passengers. These increases have been well above population

El OMM tiene como principal objetivo observar y evaluar las tendencias generales de movilidad en las principales áreas metropolitanas españolas a partir del análisis de una serie de indicadores. El OMM cumple este año su quinto aniversario desde su c

The Spanish transport sector has grown rapidly during the last 15 years and will continue growing in next years. The transport sector is the source of greenhouse gases (GHG) with the highest growth rate, especially due to road transport growth [1]. This paper reviews sector impact on GHG emissions and considers effects of different alternative meas...

The globalization of sustainable development requires the use of transferable indicator systems which help in finding a balanced solution to the conflicts between the objectives of economic, environmental and social sustainability. This paper serves as a methodological basis for building an indicator system, in phases, which enables The assessment...

This study analyzes trends in transport sector indicators in comparison with the EU as a whole. The weaknesses of the sector in Spain are highlighted: greater growth in passenger emissions than in freight ones and growth rates twice EU levels. This scenario is due to an inefficient modal distribution, and the less efficient modes are growing. Impro...

Purpose and methodologyThis paper summarizes the results of a permanent road freight sample survey carried out in 1997-2003 on heavy duty vehicles in Spain. In particular, this work reviews some of the key indicators that are measuring the efficiency and the operational performance of the freight road transport. The indicators of transport are comi...

In this study, Green House Gas (GHG) emission estimations per inhabitant are made and projected to year 2025, for the Spanish Autonomous Communities (SAC). The estimations are based on an econometric model which explains the relations between GHG emissions per inhabitant and the growth of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per inhabitant. The model i...

Several approaches can be used to analyse performance, energy consumption and CO 2 emissions in freight transport. In this paper we define and apply a vehicle-oriented, bottom up survey approach, the so called 'vehicle approach', in contrast to a 'supply chain approach'. The main objective of the approach is to assess the impacts of various freight...

En este estudio se analiza la evolución de los indicadores del sector transporte y la comparación con el conjunto de la Unión Europea. Se ponen de manifiesto las debilidades del sector en España: mayor crecimiento de las emisiones de viajeros que mercancías y crecimientos dobles que en la UE. Este escenario se debe a una distribución modal ineficie...

Abstract: Height growth of 19 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) stands in Germany, Austria and Finland, for which long-term records of foliar nutrient levels were available, was assessed retrospectively by stem analyses and compared with data from regionally applied yield tables as references. Gridded historical time ser...

The correlative approach within the Recognition project comprises the Historical Development Investigation (HDI), and the Present State Analysis (PSA) (Chapter 2.1 and 2.2). Results of the HDI are presented in Chapter 4.1. This section presents results of the PSA: temporal trends and spatial patterns of height growth changes in relation to changes...

This study summarizes most recent findings on the contribution of transport, especially road transport, to air pollution and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) in Spain. The evaluation of the national emissions inventory and the calculation of vehicle emissions during the period 1990–2003, using the database developed by the Direction of Air Quali...

Este estudio analiza los problemas de contaminación derivados del transporte en España: la contaminación atmosférica y la emisión de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (GEI). La evaluación del inventario nacional de emisiones durante el periodo 1990 2003, utilizando datos por habitante de la Dirección de Calidad Ambiental del Ministerio de Medio Ambiente,...

Scots pine growth trends have been determined in Brandenburg (eastern Germany) since the early 1960s. We investigated the interactions between recognized causal factors such temperature, precipitation and foliage nutrient contents in Scots pine and radial and height growth. We performed height stem analysis on 63 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) tr...

Temporal trends and spatial patterns of height growth changes of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests across Europe were analyzed in relation to changes in air temperature and precipitation, and to levels of foliar nitrogen. Results show that mean height growth rates...

Scots pine growth trends have been determined in Brandenburg (eastern Germany) since the early 1960s. We investigated the interactions between recognized causal factors such temperature, precipitation and foliage nutrient contents in Scots pine and radial and height growth. We performed height stem analysis on 63 Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) tr...

El principal objetivo de este estudio es la detección de las anomalías en las tendencias de crecimiento, su interacción con las tendencias en el clima y en la nutrición. Los crecimientos en altura de la picea noruega (Picea abies (L.) Karst) y del pino silvestre (Pinus sylvestris L.) son utilizados para describir y modelizar los lugares de ubicació...

The main target of this study is the detection of possible changes in forest site productivity and interaction with changes in the environmental conditions by the use of temporal and spatial analysis techniques. Height and radial increments of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were used in to describe and mod...

The ambitious planned development of the high-speed rail (HSR) network in Spain requires the implementation of new sector regulations to fully achieve its objectives, namely to make the sector more competitive and to promote a more balanced and efficient transport system. For this purpose, the Spanish administration recently launched the new Rail S...

RESUMEN La consideración de los aspectos ambientales y energéticos del transporte está suponiendo un cambio de tendencia en la planificación de los modos del transporte. Se busca no sólo la eficiencia económica, sino que esta debe complementarse con la eficiencia ambiental. De hecho, estos aspectos constituyen hoy en día un elemento clave en la def...