Pedro Jimenez-Reyes

• Sports Science PhD
• Lecturer at Rey Juan Carlos University

An association has been reported between anterior pelvic tilt (APT) and hamstring injuries; however, no research has examined if an ecological training-based intervention could alter APT in soccer specific tasks. This study investigated the effects of a multicomponent intervention, combining lumbopelvic control exercises and running technique train...

Basketball is a high intensity intermittent sport. The aim is to analyze the relationship between the vertical force-velocity profile (FV-v profile) and performance in the 30-15 intermittent fitness test (30-15 IFT), with the repeated sprint ability (RSA), both linear and with changes of direction (COD). 42 basketball players, 32 males (n1=32) and...

Introduction This study analyzed the impact of various overload conditions on sprint performance compared to free sprinting, aiming to identify the loading scenarios that most closely replicate the mechanics of unresisted sprints across the full acceleration spectrum. While velocity-based training methods have gained popularity, their applicability...

Repeated-sprint ability is a significant factor in football performance. Notably, hamstring injuries in football players often occur during sprinting activities and fatigue-inducing conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the impact of repeated-sprint training (RST) on repeated-sprint ability variables and sprint kinematics. Fou...

Featured Application Both integrated game-based and resisted sprint training methods effectively enhance acceleration in professional women’s football. Incorporating high-speed actions into training significantly improves sprint performance across distances, offering a practical solution during competitive periods. Abstract The recognition of high...

Alterations to intra- and inter-limb coordination with improved maximal velocity performance remain largely unexplored. This study quantified within-day variability in lower-limb segmental coordination profiles during maximal velocity sprinting and investigated the modifications to coordination strategies in 15 recreationally active males following...

Alterations to intra- and inter-limb coordination with improved maximal velocity performance remain largely unexplored. This study quantified within-day variability in lower-limb segmental coordination profiles during maximal velocity sprinting and investigated the modifications to coordination strategies in 15 recreationally active males following...

The objectives of this study were to analyse the peak muscle-tendon (MT) strain of the hamstring during an entire acceleration sprint overground and examine their relationship with relative joint angles and segment orientation in the sagittal plane, which are the direct causes of MT strain. Kinematic data were recorded using a 3D inertial motion ca...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the interday reliability of mechanical variables obtained from the horizontal and vertical force–velocity (FV) profiles in adolescent female basketball players. If found to be reliable, the associations between FV parameters (theoretical maximal force, velocity, and power), squat jump (SJ) height, 30-m...

The aim of this study was 1) to define a new index to describe running coordination, named % of coordination, and 2) to examine whether it could represent an order parameter in relation to running velocity. Twelve international middle-distance athletes (six males and six females) performed three trials at easy, 5000 m pace and sprint velocities whi...

Featured Application Acceleration Capacity as a Multilinear Performance Modulator. Abstract Background: The study aimed to analyze the relationship between the mechanical parameters of the horizontal force–velocity profile (Hzt FV profile) and performance over two different change of direction (COD) protocols (505test and modified 505test [M505tes...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of an incremental running exercise until exhaustion on twitch responses and jump capacity in endurance trained runners. For this purpose, 8 experienced endurance male runners were required to perform neuromuscular function tests before and after a submaximal running bout (control condition...

The aims were to compare predicted maximal velocity from load–velocity relationships established with different resisted and assisted loads by different regression analyses to the measured maximal velocity during sprint running, and to compare maximal velocity measured between a robotic pulley system and laser gun. Sixteen experienced male sprinter...

Introduction: The implementation of optimal sprint training volume is a relevant component of team sport performance. This study aimed to compare the efficiency and effectiveness of two different configurations of within-season training load distribution on sprint performance over 6 weeks. Methods: Twenty male professional FH players participated i...

Background. The muscular response of athletes in a judo contest is one of the most important aspect to measure with precision. Objective. Our purpose was to obtain and analyse the variability of strength associated to muscular performance parameters during a judo contest. Methods. Thirty-five men performed five 5-minute bouts with 15 minutes of pas...

When poor reliability of “output” variables is reported, it can be difficult to discern whether blame lies with the measurement (ie, the inputs) or the overarching concept. This commentary addresses this issue, using the force-velocity-power (FvP) profile in jumping to illustrate the interplay between concept, method, and measurement reliability. W...

Janicijevic, D, González-Hernández, JM, Jiménez-Reyes, P, Márquez, G, and García-Ramos, A. Longitudinal effects of traditional and rest redistribution set configurations on explosive-strength and strength-endurance manifestations. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2022-This study aimed to compare the long-term effects of resistance training progr...

The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of fatigue on sprint biomechanics. Fifty-one football players performed twelve maximal 30 m sprints with 20 s recovery between each sprint. Sprint kinetics were computed from running speed data and a high-frequency camera (240 Hz) was used to study kinematic data. A cluster analysis (K-mean cluster...

Background Maximal aerobic speed (MAS) is a useful parameter to assess aerobic capacity and estimate training intensity in middle- and long-distance runners. However, whether middle- and long-distance runners reach different levels of MAS compared to other endurance athletes with similar V̇O 2max has not been previously studied. Therefore, we aimed...

Dancers require many specific dance skills of a ballistic nature. The design of supplementary training to improve the strength of the lower limbs and jump height is a relevant area of research. The purpose of this study was (1) to compare the effect of plyometric training versus combined training on countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), and...

Dancers require many specific dance skills of a ballistic nature. The design of supplementary training to improve the strength of the lower limbs and jump height is a relevant area of research. The purpose of this study was (1) to compare the effect of plyometric training versus combined training on countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), and...

Objective: This study aimed to compare the acute effects of a full squat (SQ) or hip thrust (HT) with two different loading intensities (60% and 85% 1 RM) on sprint ability in junior male tennis players. Methods: Nineteen tennis players were included in this research. They underwent four different experimental conditions: HT at 60% 1 RM, HT at 85%...

The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of maturation status on the components of the sprint force-velocity (F-V) profile in young soccer players. Sixty-two male young soccer players from the same professional soccer academy took part in the present study. A cross-sectional design was implemented to compare the main components o...

This study aimed to compare sprint, jump performance, and sprint mechanical variables between endurance-adapted milers (EAM, specialized in 1500–3000-m) and speed-adapted milers (SAM, specialized in 800–1500 m) and to examine the relationships between maximal sprint speed (MSS), anaerobic speed reserve (ASR), sprint, jump performance, and sprint me...

This chapter presents a double perspective from theory to practice contributing to the scientific-based evidence what is behind the real examples of best sprinters over the world in order to understand how best coaches train in a daily basis and elite competition context. During From theory section we will introduce from a general perspective (i) t...

Netball is a collective sport characterized by intermittent high-intensity actions. Therefore, the players must develop high levels of relative bilateral and unilateral strength and power for both improve performance and also reduce injury risk. The purpose of this study was (i) to provide a reference about the mechanical outputs obtained in the ve...

This study examined which mechanical variables derived from a vertical jump (i.e., concentric peak force [ConcPF] and eccentric peak force [EccPF], flight time [FT]: contraction time [CT], eccentric deceleration rate of force development [EccDecRFD]), linear sprint (i.e., theoretical maximal force [F0] and velocity [V0], maximal power output [Pmax]...

The aim was to determine the respective influences of sprinting maximal power output (PHmax) and mechanical Force‐velocity (F‐v) profile (i.e. ratio between horizontal force production capacities at low and high velocities) on sprint acceleration performance. A macroscopic biomechanical model using an inverse dynamics approach applied to the athlet...

The purpose was to compare step-by-step kinematics measured using force plates (criterion), an IMU only and a combined laser IMU system in well-trained sprinters. Fourteen male experienced sprinters performed a 50-m sprint. Step-by-step kinematics were measured by 50 force plates and compared with an IMU-3D motion capture system and a combined lase...

Jumping performance (e.g., countermovement jump [CMJ]), as a measure of neuromuscular performance, has been suggested as an easy-to-use tool which simultaneously provides neuromuscular and metabolic information and, thereby, allows coaches to confidently monitor the status of their athletes during a workout. This hypothesis has been satisfactorily...

Purpose: Sprint kinematics have been linked to hamstring injury and performance. This study aimed to examine if a specific 6-week multimodal intervention, combining lumbopelvic control and unning technique exercises, induced changes in pelvis and lower-limb kinematics at maximal speed and improved sprint performance. Methods: Healthy amateur ath...

The aim of the present study was to analyze the association of the sprint force-velocity profile [Hzt FV profile] variables with change of direction [COD] performance in female futsal players. Twelve female futsal players (age: 19.83 ± 4.2 years; body height: 160.75 ± 8.37 cm; body mass: 57.64 ± 8.3 kg) volunteered to be evaluated in the following...

Sprint running and change of direction (COD) present similar mechanical demands, involving an acceleration phase in which athletes need to produce and apply substantial horizontal external force. Assessing the mechanical properties underpinning individual sprint acceleration might add relevant information about COD performance in addition to that o...

The aim was to determine the relationships among components of the force-velocity (F-V) profiles in jumping and sprinting, with both biological and chronological ages in 89 young soccer players belonging to categories from U10 to U18. Participants performed countermovement jumps (CMJ) and 20-m sprint tests. F-V components assessed were associated w...

Understanding the relationship between mechanical variables derived from actions such as jumping, sprinting, or ballistic bench press throwing and sport-specific performance moves is of scientific and practical interest for strength and conditioning coaches for improving training programs. We examined the association between mechanical variables de...

In jumping, countermovement increases net propulsive force and improves performance. We aimed to test whether this countermovement effect is velocity specific and examine the degree to which this varies between athletes, sports or performance levels. Force-velocity profiles were compiled in high-level skiers (N= 23) and sprinters (N= 30), with thei...

Strength and conditioning specialists commonly deal with the quantification and selection the setting of protocols regarding resistance training intensities. Although the one repetition maximum (1RM) method has been widely used to prescribe exercise intensity, the velocity-based training (VBT) method may enable a more optimal tool for better monito...

The aim was to compare pacing, biomechanical and perceptual responses between elite speed-and endurance-adapted milers during a sprint interval training session (SIT). Twenty elite and world-class middle-distance runners (male: n = 16, female: n = 4; 24.95 ± 5.18 years; 60.89 ± 7 kg) were classified as either speed-or endurance-adapted milers accor...

We evaluated the gender-specific associations between the mechanical variables derived from the horizontal force-velocity (FV) profile (i.e., theoretical maximal force [F0], velocity [V0], maximal power output [Pmax], peak ratio of the effective horizontal component [RFpeak], and the force application technique index [DRF]) and the change of direct...

Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate the concurrent validity and reliability of a novel low-cost digital dynamometer to assess maximal isometric strength in neck movements. Methods. Twelve recreationally active participants (6 women and 6 men; age: 24.1 ± 3.4 years old; height: 1.71 ± 0.06 m; weight: 64.6 ± 11.7 kg) performed neck flexion, ext...

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the potential post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) effects of two different warm-up strategies, involving dynamic stretching (DS) or heavy load leg press (HL) on several key physical qualities in tennis players. Methods: Twenty-six elite male tennis players (age: 19.22 ± 4.20 years; body...

This study aimed to compare acute and delayed markers of mechanical, neuromuscular, and biochemical fatigue between resistance training sessions leading to or not to failure. Twelve resistance-trained men completed 2 sessions that consisted of 6 sets of the full-squat exercise performed against the 10 repetitions maximum load. In a randomized order...

This study aimed to assess the association of the mechanical variables derived from the force-velocity (FV) profile (i.e. theoretical maximal force [F0], velocity [V0] and maximal power output [P max ]) with change of direction (COD) performance in soccer, basketball and tennis players. Fifty-four male athletes (soccer n = 23; tennis n = 16; basket...

In this paper we illustrate the main differences regarding workload management between individual and team sports, and how a true individualization of all the periodization factors in team sports could result in a better managed fitness-fatigue equilibrium and, thus, in a reduced injury risk and enhanced performance. Future studies should illustrat...

González-Hernández, JM, Jiménez-Reyes, P, Cerón, JJ, Tvarijonaviciute, A, Llorente-Canterano, FJ, Martínez-Aranda, LM, and García-Ramos, A. Response of muscle damage markers to an accentuated eccentric training protocol: do serum and saliva measurements agree? J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-This study aimed (a) to examine the acute and de...

This study aimed to observe the effect of 8 weeks of resisted sled training (RST), with optimal loading for maximal power output production and initial levels of force, on the magnitude of improvement in sprint performance and individual sprint mechanical outputs in female amateur rugby union players. The study examined the horizontal Power-Force-V...

This study aimed to compare the effect of three interset rest intervals (1, 3, and 5 minutes) on (I) mean velocity during a resistance training session conducted in a Smith machine with the squat and bench press exercises, and (II) the pre- and post-exercise force-velocity relationship. Fifteen male university students completed three sessions (i.e...

Jumping ability has been identified as one of the best predictors of dance performance. The latest findings in strength and conditioning research suggest that the relationship between force and velocity mechanical capabilities, known as the force-velocity profile, is a relevant parameter for the assessment of jumping ability. In addition, previous...

The pacing behaviors used by elite athletes differ among individual sports, necessitating the study of sport-specific pacing profiles. Additionally, pacing behaviors adopted by elite runners differ depending on race distance. An “all-out” strategy, characterized by initial rapid acceleration and reduction in speed in the later stages, is observed d...

We tested the hypothesis that the degree of adaptation to highly focused sprint training at opposite ends of the sprint Force-Velocity (FV) spectrum would be associated with initial sprint FV profile in rugby athletes. Training-induced changes in sprint FV profiles were computed before and after an eight-week in-season resisted or assisted sprint t...

Objective To analyze the concurrent validity and reliability of an iPhone application for assessing range of motion (ROM) and joint position sense (JPS) in ankle and knee joints. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Sport laboratory. Participants Twenty healthy and physically active volunteers. Interventions All participants performed a ROM an...

Short hurdling races are sprint races in which athletes must also clear 10 hurdles. Assessing the force-velocity (F-V) profile in sprinting has been found useful for implementing individualized training programs and determining the mechanical effectiveness in force application. This study therefore compared the sprint mechanical F-V profile between...

Practical duration stretching after aerobic activities is a recommended component of the first part of warm-up due to its effects on performance. However, its effects on proprioceptive skills are unknown. This study aimed to analyze the effects of running and practical duration static and dynamic stretching on postural balance and the joint positio...

Jiménez-Reyes, P, Casado, A, González, JE, and Rodríguez-Fernández, C. Influence of hurdling clearance on sprint mechanical properties in high-level athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Short hurdling races are sprint races in which athletes must also clear 10 hurdles. Assessing the force-velocity (F-V) profile in sprinting has been f...

The aim of this study was to test individual adaptation kinetics to a high-resistance sprint training program designed to improve maximal horizontal power (Pmax), and compare the group and individual results of a classical “pre-post” analysis, and a “pre-peak” approach. Thirteen male and 9 female trained sprinters had their 30-m sprint performance...

Aims The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of hamstring eccentric (NHE) strength training versus sprint training programmed as complements to regular soccer practice, on sprint performance and its mechanical underpinnings, as well as biceps femoris long head (BFlh) architecture. Methods In this prospective interventional control stu...

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the changes in countermovement jump (CMJ) height after two drop-jump (DJ) protocols with different volumes, and to explore the possibility of predicting the changes in CMJ height based on the vertical force–velocity (F–v) profile. Method Thirty-four male athletes (age: 21.9 ± 2.0 years) were tested on three occ...

This study aimed to describe the seasonal changes in the sprint force-velocity (Fv) profile of professional soccer players. The sprint Fv profile of 21 male soccer players competing in the first division of the Spanish soccer league was evaluated 6 times: preseason 1 (September 2015), in-season 1 (November 2015), in-season 2 (January 2016), in-seas...

This study aims at assessing physical fitness performance and its relationship with the differential ratings of perceived exertion of training load (dRPE TL) and match load (dRPE ML) in a Spanish professional soccer team at the beginning of several in-season periods: 1–4 weeks, 5–8 weeks and 1–8 weeks. Performance and mechanical variables over the...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the differences in salivary proteome at rest and in response to an acute exercise in men and women. For this, unstimulated whole saliva samples in rest and after a bout resistance exercise leading to failure (ELF) of both men and women (n = 5 for each sex) were subjected to isobaric Tandem Mass Tags (TMT...

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the changes in countermovement jump (CMJ) height after 2 drop jump (DJ) protocols with different volumes, andto explore the possibility of predicting the changes in CMJ height based on the vertical force-velocity (F-v) profile. Method: Thirty-four male athletes (age: 21.9 ± 2.0 years) were tested on 3 occasions...

Purpose: Ballet dancers are required to achieve performance feats such as exciting and dramatic elevations. Dancers with a greater jump height can perform a wider range of skills during their flight time and implement more specific technical skills related to the aesthetic components of a dance choreography. New findings suggest the relationship b...

Background: High-intensity training, a still unexplored exercise for individuals with Parkinson's disease, is positively related with increased functionality and aerobic profile in healthy individuals. The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and acceptance of sprint running in individuals with mild-to-moderate Parkinson's. Ad...

Uric acid (UA) is the most abundant antioxidant compound in saliva and one of the most sensitive biomarkers for detecting changes in the oxidative status of the organism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of: (i) different methods of saliva sampling and (ii) the correction by salivary flow or total protein on UA concentrations in sal...

Context Foam-rolling exercises are frequently included in warmups due to their benefits for increasing range of motion (ROM). However, their effects on proprioception and vertical jump have not been analyzed and therefore remain unclear. Moreover, the effects of performing practical-duration foam-rolling exercises after typical warmup exercises suc...

Background Movement velocity has been proposed as an effective tool to prescribe the load during resistance training in young healthy adults. This study aimed to elucidate whether movement velocity could also be used to estimate the relative load (i.e., % of the one-repetition maximum (1RM)) in older women. Methods A total of 22 older women (age =...

Human saliva has gained interest in the last years as a diagnostic fluid and several proteomic studies have identified haptoglobin (Hp) as a possible salivary biomarker in different diseases. However, there are only a few reports that documented the measurement of Hp in human saliva. The objectives of this study were to develop and validate a metho...

Lower limb external maximal power output capacity is a key physical component of performance in many sports. During squat jump and countermovement jump tests, athletes produce high amounts of mechanical work over a short duration to displace their body mass (i.e. the dimension of mechanical power). Thus, jump height has been frequently used by the...

Aims We analysed the changes in force-velocity-power variables and jump performance in response to an individualized training program based on the force-velocity imbalance (FVimb). In particular, we investigated (i) the individual adaptation kinetics to reach the optimal profile and (ii) de-training kinetics over the three weeks following the end o...

Muscle imbalance and deficit are key parameters for guiding rehabilitation and sports sessions and avoiding injuries. However, the high cost and non-portable nature of most instruments employed for muscle strength assessment frequently hamper an affordable evaluation in field conditions. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of a low-co...

This study aimed (i) to explore the relationship between vertical (jumping) and horizontal (sprinting) force–velocity–power (FVP) mechanical profiles in a large range of sports and levels of practice, and (ii) to provide a large database to serve as a reference of the FVP profile for all sports and levels tested. A total of 553 participants (333 me...

Database of force-velocity profile from horizontal and vertical modalities in various sports modalities, level and sex. F0, theoretical maximal force; v0, theoretical maximal velocity; Pmax, theoretical maximal power; LL, low level or amateur; ML, medium level or semi-professional; HL, high level or professional; EL, elite level or international.

This study aimed to analyse fatigue-induced changes in mechanical sprinting properties during a specific repeated-sprint test in elite rugby sevens athletes. Twenty elite rugby sevens players performed ten 40 m sprints on a 30 s cycle with participant’s running back and forth in a marked lane. Radar was used to assess maximal overground sprint perf...

Aim: Hamstring muscle injury is the main injury related to sports requiring sprint acceleration. In addition, hamstring muscles have been reported to play a role in horizontal force production during sprint acceleration performance. The aim of the present study was to analyze (i) the determinants of horizontal force production and (ii) the role of...

This study analysed the acute mechanical and metabolic responses to a sprint training session focused on maintaining maximal speed until a given speed loss was reached. Nine male high-level sprinters performed 60 m running sprints up to a 3% in speed loss with 6 min rests between sets. Mechanical responses (countermovement jump (CMJ) height and spe...

This study aimed to compare the between-session reliability of three typically measured velocity variables (mean velocity [MV], mean propulsive velocity [MPV], and maximum velocity [Vmax]) to assess vertical jump performance. Twenty-three men had their squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) tested against five different loading conditions (...

Background The ability to jump has been related to muscle strength and power, speed and amplitude of the lower limbs movements, and specifically for the elderly, the vertical jump has been shown to be a good predictor of functional capacity and risk of falling. The use of a mobile application ( App ) which can measure the vertical jump (i.e., iPhon...

Purpose:: This study aimed to compare the sprint mechanical force-velocity (F-V) profile between soccer and futsal players. A secondary aim was, within each sport, to study the differences in sprint mechanical F-V profile between sexes and players of different levels. Methods:: 102 soccer players (63 men) and 77 futsal players (49 men) that were...

This study aimed (1) to analyze the accuracy of mean propulsive velocity to predict the percentage of the 1-repetition maximum in the seated military press exercise and (2) to test the effect of gender and of a resistance training program on the load–velocity profile. The load–velocity relationships of 26 men and 13 women were evaluated by means of...

KEY POINTS 1. Despite a widespread use, we contended that jump height as measured during vertical jump tests is not a good indicator of lower limb power or maximal power output capability. 2. We showed this based on several confounding factors: body mass, push-off distance, individual force-velocity profile and optimal force-velocity profile. Some...

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in a panel of biomarkers including lactate, ferritin and uric acid in saliva of untrained and trained subjects after repeated explosive effort sequences, and to analyse the differences in interpretation of these biomarkers depending on the way the data is expressed (without any c...

The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the validity and reliability of an iPhone app (named: Dorsiflex) for the measurement of weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion. To do this, twelve healthy participants (age = 28.6 ± 2.3 years) performed a weight-bearing lunge test with each leg in five separate occasions, while dorsiflexion angle was simu...

Purpose: The aims of this study were (I) to quantify the magnitude of the association between the same variables of the force-velocity (FV) profile and the performance variables (unloaded squat jump [SJ] height and 20 m sprint time) obtained during the jumping and sprinting testing procedures, and (II) to determine which mechanical capacity (i.e.,...

This study explored the acute and delayed (24 and 48 h post-exercise) effects of a resistance training session leading to muscular failure. Eleven resistance-trained men completed a training session consisting on 3 sets of repetitions to failure during the back squat exercise performed at the maximum possible speed with a load equivalent to a mean...