Pedro Arroyo

Instituto Nacional De Geriatría · Clínica Epidemiology

Barker's hypothesis affirms that undernourishment in early-life induces metabolic reprogramming that compromises organism functions later in life, leading to age-related diseases. We are exposed to environmental and social conditions that impact our life trajectories, leading to ageing phenotypes as we grow. Epigenetic mechanisms constitute the lin...

Introduction Midlife physical capability (PC) is associated with developmental factors in the populations of economically developed countries. As far as we know, there is no information for rural populations of low- and middle-income countries. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of pre- and postnatal factors on midlife objective...

Abstract: Adverse conditions in early life, including environmental, biological and social influences, are risk factors for ill-health during aging and the onset of age-related disorders. In this context, the recent field of social epigenetics offers a valuable method for establishing the relationships among them However, current clinical studies o...

Objectives To know the opinion of users and readers about the application of Nutriología Médica as a textbook and its use as a reference for the practice of nutritional care in Mexico.To know the opinion of users and readers about the application of Nutriología Médica as a textbook and its use as a reference for the practice of nutritional care in...

Background: We describe the evidence of the effects of early life exposures on health and aging during adulthood. Methods: A narrative review of cohorts and systematic reviews of studies initiated early in life and followed up to adulthood was conducted. Results: Most studies were carried out in developed countries. The long-term effects of bi...

Epigenetics refers to changes in gene function, not resulting from the primary DNA sequence, influenced by the environment. It provides a link between the molecular regulation of the genome and the environmental signals exposed during the life of individuals (including lifestyle, social behavior, development, and nutrition). Notably, early developm...

Background: The Mayas of the State of Yucatan in Mexico are the only aboriginal group with obesity and diabetes data before 1997. Objective: To analyze socioeconomic trends associated with the increase in obesity and diabetes seen in rural Yucatan from 1962 to 2000. Methods: Body weight, height and venous Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) were measu...

The aim of this review is to present scientific evidence on the biological, dietary, cultural and economic advantages of cow´s milk and dairy products intake in adults, with emphasis on the elderly. The role of milk and dairy products as part of the regular diet, as well as their contribution to a healthy diet for the aged population is described....

Importance: There are problems in the dietary assessment of elders due to the aging process. Objective: To assess the comparativity of dietary diversity reported by an elder with that reported independently by his/her Caregiver. Design: Comparison of foods consumed by elder in the previous 24-h reported by elder and caregiver. Outcome variable: % o...

The aim of this review is to present scientific evidence on the biological, dietary, cultural and economic advantages of cow’s milk and dairy products intake in adults, with emphasis on the elderly. The role of milk and dairy products as part of the regular diet, as well as their contribution to a healthy diet for the aged population is described....

Anthropometric reference data for older adults, particularly for the oldest old, are still limited, especially in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to describe sex- and age-specific distributions of anthropometric measurements and body composition in Mexican older adults. The methods included in the present study were assessmen...

To evaluate the ability of five clinimetric instruments to discriminate between subjects >60 years of age living at home versus those living in a residency. Trained nutritionists applied five instruments (cognition/depression/functionality/nutrition/appetite) to 285 subjects with majorities of women (64%), aged <80 years (61%), and home residents (...

Sarcopenia has an important impact in elderly. Recently the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) defined sarcopenia as the loss of muscle mass plus low muscle strength or low physical performance. Lack of clinical sounding outcomes (ie external validity), is one of the flaws of this algorithm. The aim of our study was to de...

Sarcopenia is an increasingly recognized problem in the elderly. Recently an algorithm to detect this condition was developed. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in a group of elderly in Mexico City, using the European Wording Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) algorithm. A cross-sectional assessment of com...

The objective of this article is to provide information on cooking techniques used by two rural communities of Yucatán. We used a 24-hour recall method with 275 participants consuming 763 dishes. Dishes were classified according to cooking technique: 205 were lard-fried (27%), 169 oil-fried (22%), and 389 boiled/grilled (51%). The smaller more secl...

Diet has been a strong selective influence during human evolution, and it has contributed to the consolidation of the human genome. This process can be traced back to 4.0-4.5 million years ago, when the first hominids derived energy and proteins from fruits, vegetables, and roots. The transition from arboreal existence to life in the plains was pos...

Diet has been a strong selective influence during human evolution, and it has contributed to the consolidation of the human genome. This process can be traced back to 4.0-4.5 million years ago, when the first hominids derived energy and proteins from fruits, vegetables, and roots. The transition from arboreal existence to life in the plains was pos...

Con base en un estudio etnográfi co con ocho familias residentes del estado de Aguascalientes en México, se analizó la dinámica familiar y alimentaria en relación con las condiciones socioeconómicas y con indicadores que se consideraron expresión de pautas alimentarias congruentes con la modernidad. Se seleccionaron cuatro localidades (dos rurales...

Objetivo. Caracterizar la antropometría y presión arterial de adultos del estado de Yucatán, México. Material y métodos. Se evaluaron diferencias rural-urbanas por grupos sexo-edad en peso, talla, circunferencias de cintura y cadera, y presión arterial en 313 adultos de origen urbano y 271 del rural, de Yucatán. Resultados. No hubo diferencias rura...

Objective. To describe changes in sources of energy of diets available in urban and rural households of Mexico from 1992 to 2002, according to levels of energy density (ED) and family income. Methods. Analysis of data from Income and Expenditure Surveys (National Institute of Informatics and Statistics) in representative samples (>10000 households)...

To describe changes in sources of energy of diets available in urban and rural households of Mexico from 1992 to 2002, according to levels of energy density (ED) and family income. Methods. Analysis of data from Income and Expenditure Surveys (National Institute of Informatics and Statistics) in representative samples (>10000 households) of urban a...

To characterize body morphology and blood pressure of adults of the Mexican state of Yucatan. Rural-urban differences in weight, height, waist, and hip circumferences, and blood pressure were analyzed in 313 urban and 271 rural subjects. No rural-urban differences in prevalence of obesity and overweight were found. Hypertension was marginally highe...

RESUMEN Objetivos: Describir los cambios de 1992-2002 en la disponibilidad de energía en las dietas de los hogares rurales y urbanos de México, según la densidad energética (DE) y el ingreso per cápita. Material y métodos: Se analizaron encuestas de ingreso/gasto del Instituto Nacional de Geografía Estadística e Informática en mues-tras representat...

The authors characterized the output of MEDLINE papers by language and country of publication during a thirty-four-year time period. We classified MEDLINE's journal articles by country of publication (Anglos/Non-Anglos) and language (English/Non-English) for the years 1966 and from 1970 to 2000 at five-year intervals. Eight English-speaking countri...

To characterize the effects of the 1994 economic crisis on calorie sources of Mexican households, five nutrition surveys done every leap year (1992-2000) in national representative samples (> 10,000 households) were analyzed. Each household was visited during 7 days to collect data on foods purchased, exchanged or home-grown and their monetary valu...

The metabolic or insulin resistance syndrome, characterized by hypertension, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia, may have genetic determinants. The insulin gene (INS), insulin receptor gene (INSR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 gene (IRS1) have been proposed as candidate genes. We examined eight polymorphisms in these genes in...

To explore trends in mother-child healthcare (MCHC) research over the past 30 years. Classifications of Medline articles were made at 5-year intervals using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) as classifiers. Papers were classified in mutually and non-mutually exclusive categories by subject (mother and four age groups of children) and type of research...

Objective: 1. To estimate the prevalence of pre-obesity and obesity in a 1992 to 1993 national survey of the Mexican urban adult population. 2. To compare our findings with other national surveys and with data for Mexican Americans. Research Methods and Procedures: The national representative sample of the Mexican urban adult population included 84...

The purpose of this work is to estimate the prevalence of hypertension in the urban population of Mexico. We studied a multistage national sample representative of the urban population in 417 cities of over 2500 people. The blood pressure of 14 657 individuals (6053 men and 8604 women) aged 20-69 years was measured after a 5-min rest using a standa...

To describe the efforts carried out to strengthen nutrition education in Mexican medical schools. Emphasis was placed on the status previous to the program implementation, the design of a new basic curriculum, and the description of the main program strategies implemented. a) Analysis of available medical curricula; b) Application of a questionnair...

To update the information on micronutrients in Mexico regarding: 1. The research lines according to priority of the micronutrient, subjects affected, and its focus (basic, clinical, epidemiological, operational). 2. The laboratory capacity available for micronutrient assays. We analyzed review articles of what has been published on micronutrients i...

Objective. To update the information on micronutrients in Mexico regarding: 1. The research lines according to priority of the micronutrient, subjects affected, and its focus (basic, clinical, epidemiological, operational). 2. The laboratory capacity available for micronutrient assays. Material and methods. We analyzed review articles of what has b...

Data of the 1992-1993 Mexican Survey of Chronic Diseases in the Urban Adult Population were analyzed to investigate the effects of age and sex on the association between overweight and hypertension. Blood pressure, body weight, and height were measured in a group of 13,945 Mexicans aged 20 to 69 years living in towns and cities larger than 15,000 p...

To evaluate the coverage of Mexican journals and manuscripts of biomedical research in a Mexican data base (Bibliomex Salud) during its 10 years of existence (1985-1994). All the manuscripts published by a single Mexican journal Revista de Investigación Clínica (RIC) were searched for in Bibliomex: the absence of a RIC manuscript in Bibliomex was c...

The pharmacologic approach to the control of hypertension must consider both the clinical perspective and the Public Health approach policy in which social costs have to be balanced against benefits to the entire population. Cost-effectiveness analysis are at the core of decisions taken within this frame of reference. The issue of cost-effectivenes...

To assess the association between previous term pregnancies and the prevalence of overweight in a group of urban women, controlling for the influence of age. One thousand twelve women, living in middle and low socioeconomic areas of Mexico City, were interviewed at home and their reproductive histories studied. Height and weight were measured in a...

En este estudio se profundiza en la influencia que la estructura familiar tiene en las tasas de aceptación de un servicio de salud perinatal. En él se consideran dos niveles de análisis: el individual y el de la unidad doméstica.La información proviene de un cuestionario sobre familia y vivienda que se aplicó a un grupo de mujeres con capacidad rep...

En este artículo se explora la fuerza explicativa que tienen las diversas estructuras familiares respecto a la utilización de los servicios de salud. Se presentan los resultados del análisis de la aceptación o del rechazo de atención perinatal ofrecida a mujeres embarazadas o que tenían intención de estarlo próximamente, pertenecientes a un grupo d...

PIP: Since 1970 the perinatal health (PH) status of the French population has been one of the highest in the world as a resulting of systematic efforts in social and economic development. This article is a case study to determine the reasons for France's success in achieving such a high standard in Ph. The study is a prospective quasi-social experi...

In a referral perinatal center a detailed study was made of all the perinatal deaths that occurred during 1 year; they were analyzed according to primary diagnoses on the basis of a classification by R. L. Naeye which included the placenta. This method points to the areas in which special efforts at prevention should be made, and it should become a...

Resumen: Se discute la eficiencia de la estrategia que se sigue para detectar personas con tuberculosis pulmonar activa. Se considera que las cifras de morbilidad que son generadas a partir de dicha estrategia subestiman la verdadera magnitud de la enfermedad como problema de salud pública. Se analiza cada una de las características que un enfermo...

Thirty-five placentas of small-for-dates infants were compared with control placentas of normally grown infants. They were small by weight, area, and volume and tended to have a marginal cord insertion; marginal cord insertion was associated with a thick cord, and central insertion, with a thin cord. When the two groups were compared, the first sho...

156 fertile, sexually active women aged 17-47 from the Northwest zone of Mexico City were interviewed during 1980 to explore the relationship between several demographic variables, their intention to have a child within 2 years, and birth control practice. The average age of the respondents was 28, the average duration of union was 7 years, and the...

This paper presents the results of a dietary survey (weighed intake/24 hr) carried out in 64 pregnant women living in Huamantla, Tlaxcala, Mexico and its proximities, during November 1973. The primary objective of the study was to identify social indicators with predictive value in relation to food consumption patterns, in order to detect groups at...

This article reports findings from a retrospective survey of breast-feeding patterns in a socioeconomically homogeneous sample of mothers visiting Mexican outpatient clinics. The findings suggest that in many cases premature suspension of breast-feeding was related to use of methods incompatible with good breast-feeding practice.

This work analyzes the possible causes of anemia in 2 groups of pregnant women observed in 2 different hospitals in Mexico City; 1 group of 216 patients, and another group of 121 women who were already in labor. Women in the first group were short, of low schooling, high gestation and parity, and high incidence of previous fetal losses. Women in th...

The frequency of structural chromosomal aberrations in two samples (AM and PM of the same day) from each of nine normal subjects, cultured in two different laboratories, was studied by six observers. The results were analyzed in order to determine the relative importance of inter- and intralaboratory factors in the variability of chromosomal abnorm...

1. Total skinfold thicknesses (sum of seven sites) were measured in fifty-seven pregnant women with low energy and protein intake, at weeks 24, 30 and 35 of gestation. 2. Women were classified in two groups (overweight and low weight), according to their weight-for-height at week 24 of gestation. 3. Half of the women did not increase, or even reduc...

The non-heme iron, folates, and vitamin B12 in the liver of 77 fetuses were assayed as were serum levels of these metabolites in 70 of their mothers. The findings indicate the existence of independent placental transport mechanisms, switched on and off at different stages of late gestation, and peculiar to each metabolite.

The prevalence of the adult type of intestinal lactase deficiency in three groups of residents of a rural area of Mexico was studied. Of the 401 individuals tested, 73.8% were intolerant, and the relative frequency of intolerance in each group was similar. However, traditional milk consumption habits of the lactose-intolerant individuals were quite...

In an attempt to detect those factors which, even in very poor families, allow good child nutrition, a comparison was made of data obtained from the families of well‐nourished and of malnourished children standardized by socio‐economical level.Clear differences were found in some biological characteristics of the mother‐child pair; the well‐nourish...

370 randomly selected families from an urban and a rural communities located in an industrializing area of Northern Mexico were studied. The foods consumed by the family the day before the interview as well as indicators of education, occupation and economical level of the family were determined. Type and sequence of foods introduced to the infant'...

Colima El trabajo que presentan estos tres investigadores del Fondo Nestlé para la Nutrición de la Fundación Mexicana para la Salud, contempla un análisis amplio de las dinámicas alimenticias de ocho familias del estado de Aguascalientes, cuatro del medio rural y cuatro del medio urbano, todas de bajos ingresos. Dentro de las variables consideradas...

Compilación de ensayos alrededor de cinco problemas centrales de la salud pública en México: fecundidad, padecimientos cardiovasculares, paludismo, SIDA y enfermedades como consecuencia de la contaminación.