Pedro Vasconcelos Amaral

• Ph.D. in Land Economy
• Department of Economics at Federal University of Minas Gerais

The search for the most appropriate spatial econometric specification has received considerable attention in the literature, where a major tension exists between a specific to general approach (STGE), mostly based on Rao Score/Lagrange Multiplier statistics, and a general to specific approach (GETS), based on Wald or Likelihood ratio statistics. Th...

Resumo A Proposta de Emenda à Constituição (PEC) 188/2019 previa a extinção dos municípios menores do que 5.000 habitantes que não cumprissem o mínimo de 10% de arrecadação própria. A partir das discussões então suscitadas, constatou-se que ainda existem poucos estudos para essas unidades, tornando este artigo relevante para o entendimento do arran...

This paper contributes to the literature on economic relatedness and diversification in Brazil. It uses firm-level, occupational data to estimate the relationship between regions’ diversification, the degree of relatedness, and economic complexity indexes. Given that the current literature often focuses on a single variable, a new relatedness measu...

Traz as contribuições em torno da agenda urbana no Brasil, cotejada a partir de diferentes perspectivas escalares.

Este estudo discute o processo de reorganização do ensino superior brasileiro a partir de sua política de expansão e interiorização, e busca compreender a configuração territorial das matrículas nos cursos de graduação ao longo dos anos. Pelo método emerging hotspot, investigamos os padrões de aglomeração espaço-temporal entre 2003 e 2019. Os resul...

In co‐invention networks, gatekeepers intermediate technical knowledge exchange between economic agents and help overcome technological barriers and regional lock‐in. This study aims to investigate co‐inventors’ inventive activity and the potential effects of being a gatekeeper in a technologically‐underdevelopment country like Brazil. A hierarchic...

The pioneering work of Getis and Ord on local spatial statistics has a counterpart in spatial econometrics in treating spatial heterogeneity. This can be approached from a continuous or a discrete perspective. In a discrete perspective, referred to as spatial regimes, the coefficients vary by discrete subregions of the data. Whereas the estimation...

This editorial summarizes the papers in issue 18(2) (2023). The first paper extends the Solow–Swan growth model with spatial dependence, pollution and time delay. The second paper investigates the (mis)match between relative factor costs and the output elasticities of production factors due to innovations in the European Union’s Smart Specialisatio...

This editorial summarizes the papers in issue 18(1) (2023). The first paper sets out a game-theoretic duopolistic spatial model to investigate whether online retailing causes more transportation-related emissions than offline retailing. The second paper proposes a methodology for statistically downscaling projected gross domestic product (GDP). The...

This editorial summarizes the papers in issue 17(4) (2022). The first paper combines input–output modelling with priority weighting to analyse supply-chain impacts of disasters. The second paper examines skill-based functional specialization of value chains in Brazil using interregional and international value-added measures. The third paper questi...

Os desastres ambientais no setor de mineração e a crise hídrica de 2014-2016 motivaram avaliar o efeito dessa atividade no seu entorno em virtude de seu caráter ambíguo: grande capacidade de geração de renda ao passo que é uma atividade complexa, com riscos e causadora de externalidades negativas. Este artigo pretende avaliar o impacto da mineração...

Este artigo analisa a consistência do processo de regionalização da saúde no Brasil, a partir de indicadores quantitativos de adequação e acesso geográfico. São estimadas as taxas de evasão, as distâncias médias percorridas e os tempos médios de viagens para todo o país e por estados para internações de média complexidade no SUS. Exercícios de micr...

This editorial summarizes the papers published in issue 17(3) (2022). The first paper analyses the impact of knowledge spillovers on patent applications using a Tobit model. The second paper sets out an economic-theoretical model of industrial specialization patterns across cities and their impact on the spatial agglomeration of skilled workers and...

Many scholars have highlighted the role of infrastructure in reducing income inequality. Developing economies present immense regional and income discrepancies, which are correlated with unequally distributed infrastructure in territorial and population terms. In this paper, we assess the effects of infrastructure supply on income inequality and ve...

This editorial summarizes the papers published in issue 17(2) (2022). The first paper evaluates logistic regression and machine-learning methods for predicting firm bankruptcy. The second paper demonstrates that machine learning outperforms existing tools to improve the estimation of regional input–output tables. The third paper investigates whethe...

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a associação entre estrutura urbana e níveis salariais na indústria de transformação brasileira. Entendendo que a dinâmica locacional é variável com a intensidade tecnológica da indústria, o artigo subdivide a indústria em quatro categorias e analisa como o território condiciona a dinâmica salarial para cada uma...

This editorial summarizes the papers published in issue 17(1) (2022). This issue begins with a second editorial calling on researchers to publish replication results from previous studies. The first paper applies a spatiotemporal Bayesian hierarchical model for understanding the dynamics of second home ownership in Corsica. The second paper determi...

Background: The new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has claimed thousands of lives worldwide and disrupted the health system in many countries. As the national emergency care capacity is a crucial part of the COVID-19 response, we evaluated the Brazilian Health Care System response preparedness against the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A retrospective...

This editorial summarizes the papers published in issue 16(4) (2021). The first paper adopts a higher order spatial autoregressive model with endogenous spatial weight matrices. The second paper investigates the existence of the law of one price using regional observations over time. The third paper develops an economic-theoretical model that goes...

O suicídio é reconhecido internacionalmente como um problema de saúdepública que figura entre as dez causas de mortes mais frequentes entre a populaçãoem geral, superando a quantidade de mortes por conflitos armados. No Brasil, segundo dados do Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade, para cada suicídio registrado,estima-se que existem mais de 20 ten...

In spatial econometrics, the treatment of spatial heterogeneity can be approached from a continuous or a discrete perspective. In a continuous approach, represented by methods such as geographically weighted regression (GWR) and Bayesian varying coefficient specifications, the model coefficients are allowed to vary smoothly over space. In contrast,...

This editorial summarizes the papers published in issue 16(3) (2021) in order to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends and knowledge. The first paper analyses the economic consequences of the rise and spread of the Covid-19 virus in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. The second paper presents a multi-regional ge...

Este trabalho analisa como as mudanças propostas na Portaria n. 1.631/2015 em relação à Portaria n. 1.101/2002 podem impactar a distribuição da oferta dos leitos hospitalares gerais e de unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI). Os resultados encontrados mostram que há oferta em número suficiente, sejam eles leitos gerais ou de UTI, para atender à deman...

PySAL is a library for geocomputation and spatial data science. Written in Python, the library has a long history of supporting novel scholarship and broadening methodological impacts far afield of academic work. Recently, many new techniques, methods of analyses, and development modes have been implemented, making the library much larger and more...

Este artigo discute o papel da distância geográfica na provisão de serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no Brasil, considerando a oferta de unidades básicas de saúde e de equipes de atendimento nessa área em municípios brasileiros. Para identificar a cobertura de serviços de APS, foram utilizados métodos de análise exploratória de dados espac...

Esse trabalho descreve o procedimento metodológico para o cálculo de distâncias e do tempo de deslocamento entre os 5.570 municípios brasileiros a partir das APIs (Application Programming Interface) do Google Maps e, principalmente, OpenStreet Maps. Trata-se de uma atualização dos resultados de Carvalho et at. (2016). Os dados gerados por esse trab...

The rapid spread of COVID-19 across the world has raised concerns about the responsiveness of cities and healthcare systems during pandemics. Recent studies try to model how the number of COVID-19 infections will likely grow and impact the demand for hospitalization services at national and regional levels. However, less attention has been paid to...

Many scholars have highlighted the role of infrastructure investments in promoting economic growth along with poverty reduction and social inclusion. Developing economies show substantial discrepancies in terms of infrastructure in the rural–urban, regional and income dimensions. These disparities may be reinforcing a social and economic framework...

During the last decade, the Brazilian economy was affected by two important recessive shocks. However, the spatiality of these shocks is still neglected by scholars and policy-makers. This study analyses these recessions’ spatial structure by applying elements of the regional resilience literature using spatial seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR)...

This editorial summarises the papers published in issue 15.4 in order to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends and knowledge. The first paper challenges the standard notion that more growth is better. The second paper challenges macroeconomic models by looking at them from a regional micro-grounded lens, where...

Large‐Scale Urban Projects (LSUP) are capable of changing cities’ structures and, consequently, have a potential deep impact on land values. However, to assume that the LSUP always uplift land value may dismiss too quickly some key aspects of these investments. This work uses a difference‐in‐differences model to assess the impacts of LSUPs on land...

Objective The objective of this study was to better understand how the lack of emergency child and obstetric care can be related to maternal and neonatal mortality levels. Methods We performed spatiotemporal geospatial analyses using data from Brazilian municipalities. An emergency service accessibility index was derived using the two-step floatin...

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar a existência de uma relação de complementaridade entre a migração e a pendularidade na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba (RMC) entre 2000 e 2010 e verificar como o mercado de trabalho pode influenciar nessa relação. Uma análise descritiva e explicativa dos microdados dos Censos Demográficos de 2000 e 2010 mostra...

The rapid spread of the new coronavirus across the world has raised concerns about the responsiveness of cities and healthcare systems during pandemics. Recent studies try to model how the number of COVID-19 infections will likely grow and impact the demand for hospitalization services at national and regional levels. However, less attention has be...

Background The coronavirus disease outbreak from 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly contagious virus that claimed thousands of lives around the world and disrupted the health system in many countries. The assessment of emergency capacity in every country is a necessary part of...

This editorial summarizes the papers published in issue 15(2) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper combines a conditionally autoregressive process from the spatial statistics literature with a spatial Durbin error model from the spatial econometrics literature. The second paper feeds...

Esta nota técnica tem como objetivos: (1) estimar quantas são e onde moram as pessoas mais vulneráveis com maior dificuldade de acessar equipamentos de saúde; e (2) apontar quais são os estabelecimentos de saúde que poderão ter maior estrangulamento de demanda, considerando-se sua capacidade de oferta de leitos de unidades de tratamento intensivo (...

In addition to the three special issue papers, issue 15.1 contains two papers on input-output analysis. The first paper provides a thorough analysis of the cross entropy (CE) method to build input-output tables at sub-territorial levels or to update them in time. The second paper proposes a spatial input-output location quotient accounting for the...

This paper compares the occupational structure of cities in Brazil and United States aiming to evaluate the extent to which the economic structure of these urban agglomerations is associated with the different stages of development, specifically when comparing a rich country with a developing one. Using a harmonized occupational database and microd...

Partindo da hipótese de que o tamanho da população é um fator insuficiente para capturar a inserção dos centros urbanos nos diferentes níveis hierárquicos da rede de cidades, analisa-se o caso recente do Brasil – 2000 e 2010. É dado destaque para as categorias nas posições intermediárias da rede, as cidades médias, centros para os quais ainda se te...

This editorial summarises the papers published in issue 14(4) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper analyses the impact of re-exports on bilateral trade data. The second paper proposes a new measure for the popular smart specialisation index (S3). The third paper proposes a new solutio...

Microcephaly and Zika Virus infection (ZIKV) were declared Public Health Emergencies of International Concern by the World Health Organization in 2016. Brazil was considered the epicenter of the outbreak. However, the occurrence of both ZIKV and microcephaly in Brazil was not evenly distributed across the country. To better understand this phenomen...

Objetivo. Apresentar metodologia para avaliação empírica da atenção primária à saúde (APS) por meio da construção de representações digitais das áreas de cobertura potencial das equipes da APS. Métodos. Estudo de natureza metodológica. As áreas potenciais foram construídas por análise combinatória entre setores censitários e localização das unidade...

In the wake of new challenges such as income inequalities, populism, rise of protectionism, climate change, development of new technologies, demographic structure shifts and migration, countries and international organisations are looking for new solutions (CEPAL 2018). The debates on prospective and post-liberal social and economic paradigms that...

This editorial summarizes the papers published in issue 14(2) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper deals with past and current challenges for regional science research. The second paper investigates whether people living in deprived neighbourhoods have less chance of succeeding in a j...

No início da década de 1990, o sistema de saúde brasileiro começou a direcionar esforços para o fortalecimento de uma atenção à saúde preventiva em conjunto com um acompanhamento contínuo das necessidades da população. Para o período de 2007 a 2017, foi observada uma grande expansão do Programa Saúde da Família pelo território brasileiro com signif...

This editorial summarizes the papers published in issue 14(1) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper applies the Shapley-based decomposition approach to determine the impact of firm-, linkage- and location-specific factors to the survival probability of enterprises. The second paper app...

Objective: to describe a solution enabling geolocation of hospital admissions (AIH), processed on the Brazilian National Health System's Hospital Information System. Methods: in order to spatialize AIHs an R language script was written, based on the microdatasus and CepR packages; the script was applied to identify all AIHs in Goiás state in the...

RESUMO Apesar de decorridos 40 anos da divulgação dos princípios de Alma-Ata, ainda persistem desafios para a consolidação da atenção primária à saúde (APS) como eixo norteador dos sistemas de saúde ao redor do globo. Dentre os desafios ainda presentes, merecem destaque as questões associadas à iniquidade na distribuição de recursos humanos em saúd...

This editorial summarizes the papers published in issue 13(4) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper develops an economic geography model with trade costs in all sectors and different shares of unskilled labour in all locations. The second paper translates an economic geography model in...

This editorial summarizes the papers published in issue 13(3) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper challenges the home market hypothesis that large countries host more firms relative to their size than small countries by considering the lobbying activities of multinational firms. The...

The goal of this study is to identify the main factors responsible for criminality in the southeast region of Brazil. To this end, a panel data structure was set up to monitor the evolution of crime in the southeast microregions. Global and local spatial auto-correlation tests were carried out together with the estimation of econometric spatial pan...

Background Although the Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic ceased to be a public health emergency by the end of 2016, studies to improve knowledge about this emerging disease are still needed, especially those investigating a causal relationship between ZIKV in pregnant women and microcephaly in neonates. However, there are still many challenges in describ...

This editorial summarises the papers published in issue 13.1 so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper adopts a scale neutral approach to investigate the spatial mechanisms that cause regional innovation and growth. The second paper claims that population-weighting when calculating indices...

This study compared the reliability of a data group registered in the secondary databases of the National Registry of Health Facilities. A survey was conducted in 2,777 with hospitals to achieve this objective. Visited hospitals provided information on equipment, geographic location, operating status and number of beds. Regarding matching data betw...

Background Access to health services is in part defined by the spatial distribution of healthcare equipment. To ensure equity in the provision of health services, it is important to examine availability across different health care providers taking into account population demand. Given the importance of the equitable provision of health equipment,...

The introduction of the temporal component into poverty analysis takes us to the study of the poverty dynamic, which focuses on investigating events of entering, remaining in and getting out of deprivation. As an effort to consider the diverse aspects unrelated to income in the study of vulnerability to poverty, the monetary approach is put aside a...

Raising the bar (6). Spatial Economic Analysis. This editorial summarizes and comments on the papers published in issue 12(4) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper addresses the question of whether ‘jobs follow people’ or ‘people follow jobs’. The second paper develops a new methodolog...

Background Unequal distribution of emergency care services is a critical barrier to be overcome to assure access to emergency and surgical care. Considering this context it was objective of the present work analyze geographic access barriers to emergency care services in Brazil. A secondary aim of the study is to define possible roles to be assumed...

Objectives: Studies of health geography are important in the planning and allocation of emergency health services. The geographical distribution of health facilities is an important factor in timely and quality access to emergency services; therefore, the present study analyzed the emergency health care network in Brazil, focusing the analysis at...

Resumo: Entre os fenômenos espaciais das metrópoles contemporâneas, destacam-se neste trabalho as chamadas “Implosão” e “Explosão”, derivadas da obra de Henri Lefebvre. A implosão é interpretada como tendência à aglomeração nas áreas centrais das metrópoles, significando uma retomada dessas áreas como espaços privilegiados. A explosão informa um pr...

Este trabalho avalia a rede de oferta de mamógrafos no Brasil a partir da disponibilidade regional do equipamento e da distância entre demanda potencial e oferta de equipamentos no âmbito municipal. Os resultados demonstram que a quantidade total de mamógrafos no Brasil seria suficiente para o atendimento da população, dada a previsão de necessidad...

The analysis of spatial distribution of productive activities in Brazil after the 1990’s highlights the intensification of the internalization process toward more isolated areas, including to Amazon region. A special peculiarity of this process is the strategic role played by medium sized cities, as poles of socioeconomic attraction. In this perspe...

Objective To examine how FFS Medicare utilization of endoscopy procedures for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening changed after implementation of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (MMA) in 2006, which provided subsidized drug coverage and expanded the geographic availability of Medicare managed care plans across the U...

Raising the bar (5). Spatial Economic Analysis. This editorial summarizes and comments on the papers published in this issue 12(1) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper examines the impact of the level of education on the decision to migrate and finds that it is approximately twice as...

The work aims to study theoretical and empirical measurement and distribution opportunities in the labor market by proposing an equality index for Brazilian cities in 2000 and 2010, trying to understand the distribution of job opportunities in space Brazil and its multiple dimensions over time. The analysis is also performed considering the size an...

This paper explores the patterns of technological knowledge accumulation of the textile-garment complex in Brazil in order to suggest industrial policies to reinforce the firms' competitiveness. The paper is based on micro-data from the Technological Innovation Survey (Pintec) and the Yearly Industrial Survey (PIA) of the Brazilian Institute for Ge...

This editorial summarizes and comments on the papers published in issue 11(4) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper deals with common factors and spatial dependence in the error term specification of a production function model. The second paper sets forth a New Economic Geography (NEG...

Homensagem a Rodrigo Ferreira Simões.

Compreender melhor as dificuldades e benefícios percebidos na interação universidade-empresa é fundamental para que se desenvolva um ambiente mais propício para a inovação e geração de novos conhecimentos. Este artigo analisa a percepção dos grupos de pesquisa mineiros acerca desses benefícios e dificuldades e estima a influência das característica...

This editorial summarizes and comments on the papers published in issue 11(3) so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper proposes spatial and a-spatial indicators to describe the networks of airline companies around the world. The second paper sets forth a two-regime gravity-type model with...

In this editorial we summarise and comment on the papers published in issue 11.2 so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper analyses which regions in Europe were resilient to the great Recession and which ones were not. The second and the third develop a competing-destinations gravity model...

Public healthcare is arguably the most important concern for a region, or national economy. Costs continue to rise, as do expectations for reasonable access to services. Health service facility location is of great importance given its relationship to utilization rates. This paper examines equitable access to renal dialysis in Brazil. System enhanc...

The aim of this technical work is to describe a simple procedure to calculate the distances between the 5565 municipal districts in Brazil. Two types of distance matrices were computed: i) one from the shortest path problem on the multimodal transport network in 2010; ii) another, Euclidean, by geographic coordinates. These matrices, 5565 x 5565, p...

In this editorial, we summarize and comment on the papers published in issue 11.1 so as to raise the bar in applied spatial economic research and highlight new trends. The first paper employs the J-test to discriminate between two economic-theoretical explanations for the wage curve. The second applies a two-step ML procedure to measure the impact...

Apesar de sua relativa escassez, estudos do nível e da variação da produtividade em nível desagregado no Brasil se dividem, de maneira geral, em quatro grandes linhas. Em primeiro lugar, destacam-se os trabalhos que subdividem dados agregados, das contas nacionais ou pesquisas anuais, por estados ou grandes regiões. Nesse grupo, encontram-se também...

Belo Horizonte ocupa posição destacada em relação à qualidade de vida entre as capitais brasileiras. Há, no entanto, desigualdades regionais no acesso da população ao atendimento de suas necessidades de consumo coletivo como transporte, habitação, saúde e outras amenidades urbanas providas em geral pela ação do poder público. Para discutir a segreg...

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the spatial distribution of the leisure industry in Brazil and to investigate the association between that industry activity level and the level of municipal development. In order to do so, multivariate methods are used such as Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Methods. São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro...

The dominance of the ‘growth fetish’ ideology has much contributed to lure societies into believing that people’s value judgements are unnecessary for a better life and social justice. The theme ‘human values’ became the central research topic for the United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report team in Brazil after the promotion o...

In this paper, we investigate the finite sample properties of Moran’s I test statistic for spatial autocorrelation in limited dependent variable models suggested by Kelejian and Prucha (2001). We analyze the socio- economic determinants of the availability of dialysis equipment in 5,507 Brazilian municipalities in 2009 by means of a probit and to...

In this note, we compare three test statistics that have been suggested to assess the presence of spatial error autocorrelation in probit models. We highlight the formal differences between the tests proposed by Pinkse and Slade (1998), Pinkse (1999, 2004) and Kelejian and Prucha (2001), and compare their properties in a extensive set of Monte Carl...

Esse artigo explora os padrões de acumulação de conhecimento tecnológico do complexo têxtil-vestuário brasileiro, a fim de sugerir medidas de política tecnológica para aumentar a competitividade das firmas. O estudo baseia-se, principalmente, em micro-dados da Pesquisa de Inovação Tecnológica (PINTEC) e da Pesquisa Industrial Anual de 2005, do Inst...

Results from simulation experiments are important in applied spatial econometrics to, for instance, assess the performance of spatial estimators and tests for finite samples. However, the traditional tabular and graphical formats for displaying simulation results in the literature have several disadvantages. These include loss of results, lack of i...

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o processo de desenvolvimento de Minas Gerais no período de 1970 a 2000, com enfoque nas disparidades regionais deste processo e nas características socioeconômicas dos municípios mineiros. Para tanto, foi realizada uma regionalização do Estado visando a identificação de municípios cujo processo de desenvolvimen...

Este artigo apresenta e analisa o processo de interiorização e criação de novas centralidades urbanas. Baseado nas Regiões de Influência das Cidades definidas pelo IBGE em 1993 e 2007, de projeções populacionais e de impactos regionais dos investimentos do Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC) para 2020, usando técnicas de análise multivariad...

Este capítulo analisa o Complexo da Saúde focando em duas de suas indústrias: a indústria de fármaco-medicamentos e a indústria de equipamentos médico-hospitalares. O capítulo está organizado em oito seções incluindo esta introdução. A seção 2 apresenta um panorama da indústria da saúde mundial focando na escala das empresas líderes, em particular...

Esse relatório é subproduto do Produto 8 – “Indústrias objeto de programas para fortalecer a competitividade” do Projeto “Estudo sobre como as empresas brasileiras nos diferentes setores industriais acumulam conhecimento para realizar inovação tecnológica” e remete ao estudo do Sistema Agroindustrial. Como forma de facilitar as delimitações e espec...

Esse capítulo analisa as indústrias têxteis e de vestuário, e está organizado em 10 seções além desta introdução. A Seção 2 descreve a cadeia têxtil-vestuário em seu conjunto, quantificando e mostrando as transações de compra e venda internas a essa cadeia, assim como as transações com outras indústrias fornecedoras e compradoras fora da cadeia. Em...