Paweł M. Rowiński

Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences

Presents the proceedings 40th International School of Hydraulics, held May 23–26, 2023, in Kąty Rybackie, Poland; Broadens your understanding of fundamental process in natural aquatic systems, civil engineering, water resource; Summarizes the latest innovative research on freshwater fish protection in anthropogenically altered rivers

Effective management of flood risks requires the prioritization of appropriate flood control solutions. This study aims to prioritize structural flood control options using multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) methods. Four MCDM methods, namely analytic hierarchy process, technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution, multi‐criter...

Accurate flood mapping is crucial for enhancing community resilience in the face of flooding. Among the several factors that affect the flood extent, the effect of fluvial dynamics is not clearly recognized so far. Fluvial dynamics play an important role in shaping the patterns and magnitudes of water flow and sediment transport in riverine environ...

Artykuł stanowi przegląd programu PASIFIC – Polish Academy of Sciences Innovations and Creativity, współfinansowanego przez Program Ramowy Unii Europejskiej Horyzont 2020 w ramach działania Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie COFUND i ze środków Ministerstwa Edukacji i Nauki. Znalazły się w nim: wykaz dyscyplin naukowych wyłonionych projektów badawczych, opis...

The overall theme of the 40th International School of Hydraulics is ADVANCES IN HYDRAULIC RESEARCH. The conference intends to provide a forum for scientists and engineers working in the field of broadly understood hydraulics. Bringing together experts (academics and practitioners) and young scientists creates a very good atmosphere for scientific d...

To study the effects of different surface concentrations of microplastics (MPs) on their mobility, a series of experiments was run in a flume with gravel bed. Different amounts of two types of compact MPs (with densities of 1.1 and 1.4 g/cm3) were released. The surface concentration of MPs spanned between 0.3 and 30 g/kg of surface clasts (correspo...

Anthropogenic activities such as damming have caused an alteration in the natural flow regime in many rivers around the world. In this study, the role of constructing a hydroelectric dam on the natural flow regime of the Kor River, Iran, is investigated. Nine different methods, which fall into the category of hydrological methods, were used to dete...

Environmental hydraulics, a neighboring research field to ecohydrology, is an intermediate area between hydrodynamics and ecology/biology. The main research topic of this emerging scientific discipline is the interdependency and interconnectedness between water flow and the behavior of various aquatic organisms. This truly interdisciplinary approac...

Natural riparian vegetation generally presents a complex hydrodynamic behavior governed by plant morphology and flexibility. By contrast, hydrodynamic processes in partly vegetated channels are conventionally simulated by using simplified model vegetation, such as arrays of rigid cylinders. The aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of emb...

The book contains the extended abstracts of the presentations and posters present during the 6th IAHR Europe Congress, “Hydro-environment research and engineering. No frames, no borders” held in Warsaw, Poland, from February 15th to February 18th, 2021. Global interest in water has increased rapidly in recent years. Many water issues are high on...

Vegetation, generally present along river margins and floodplains, governs key hydrodynamic processes in riverine systems. Despite the flow-influencing mechanisms exhibited by natural vegetation and driven by its complex morphology and flexibility, vegetation has been conventionally simulated by using rigid cylinders. This article presents a datase...

Growing anthropopressure in mountain streams aimed at limiting erosion and flood protection often caused adverse effects on the natural environment. In recent years, great attention has been paid to the restoration and conservation of natural habitats in mountain streams using environmentally friendly solutions such as the Block Ramp (BR) Hydraulic...

The presence of vegetation has a significant impact on the flow conditions in streams and rivers by changing the roughness, which has an important effect on flow velocity distribution. The article focuses on modelling and analysing the depth-averaged velocity distribution in a rectangular channel partially covered by submerged grassy vegetation. Th...

This book presents an overview of current research problems and advances in theoretical and applied aspects of environmental hydraulics. The rapid development of this branch of water studies in recent years has contributed to our fundamental understanding of processes in natural aquatic systems and helped provide solutions for civil engineering and...

Trees have been used extensively by river managers for improving the river environment and ecology. The link between flow hydraulics, bed topography, habitat availability, and organic matters is influenced by vegetation. In this study, the effect of trees on the mean flow, bed topography, and bed shear stress were tested under different flow condit...

Hydrodynamic processes in partly vegetated channels have been often investigated by simulating vegetation with arrays of rigid cylinders. By contrast, natural riparian vegetation is generally flexible and presents a complex morphology that influences the dynamic and reconfiguration behavior, deeply affecting the flow structure. The aim of this stud...

Turbulent flow over a natural streambed is complex in nature, especially in the near-bed flow zone, because a natural water-worked bed exhibits a spatially complex, three-dimensional structure [...]

Investigation of the interactions between submerged vegetation patch and flow structure is of crucial importance for river engineering. Most of hydraulic models have been presented for fully developed flows over uniform vegetation in the laboratory conditions; however, the mentioned interactions are complex in river flows where the flow is not deve...

The presence of vegetation in the channel significantly affects water flow, transport and mixing processes, water quality as well as morphodynamics and ecology. All scientific research related to flow and transport processes become very complicated in the channels with vegetation, and although many experimental and numerical studies have already be...

The presence of vegetation in the channel significantly affects water flow, transport and mixing processes, water quality as well as morphodynamics and ecology. All scientific research related to flow and transport processes become very complicated in the channels with vegetation, and although many experimental and numerical studies have already be...

The most innovative hydraulic research flows from the needs of applications in diverse, very often complex settings. The aim of this preface is to provide a brief overview on mass transport in complex natural flows, highlighting relevant but often neglected considerations, advances presented in the articles of this Special Issue, and ways forward....

Recent advances in understanding bedload transport under unsteady flow conditions are presented, with a particular emphasis on laboratory experiments. The contribution of laboratory studies to the explanation of key processes of sediment transport observed in alluvial rivers, ephemeral streams, and river reaches below a dam is demonstrated, primari...

Streams of water in channels that have a compound cross section interact with each other. The most characteristic feature of such channels is the transfer of momentum and mass from the main channel to the floodplains. A laboratory experiment was conducted in a two-stage channel to investigate the impact of stream interactions on discharges. Various...

Streams of water in channels that have a compound cross section interact with each other. The most characteristic feature of such channels is the transfer of momentum and mass from the main channel to the floodplains. A laboratory experiment was conducted in a two-stage channel to investigate the impact of stream interactions on discharges. Various...

Riparian shrubs and trees present a complex, seasonally variable morphology, with flexible stems and leaves efficiently adapting to the flow forcing (reconfiguration). The aim of this paper is to investigate how foliage and reconfiguration affect the flow and mixing in a partly vegetated channel. Specific attention was placed on the velocity statis...

Education is a sustainable way for cultural change and transformation." The world around us has already changed dramatically, and the pace is accelerating exponentially. So far, the so-called "education" has not been able to catch up with this fourth industrial revolution. Visionary people are already looking beyond it, talking about the "age of tr...

New sustainable, cost-effective solutions are urgently needed for river management since conventional practices have posed serious ecological threats on streams, rivers and the surrounding riparian areas. Besides addressing the societal needs e.g. for flood management, river management should increasingly address the ecosystem requirements for impr...

Experimental investigation in a partly vegetated channel with natural-like flexible plants showed that the mean flow and turbulent flow structures were markedly influenced by the presence of foliation.

This contribution covers different aspects of heat and mass transport under natural conditions, bridg-ing fundamental research to practical engineering challenges in watercourses.

This contribution covers different aspects of heat and mass transport under natural conditions, bridg-ing fundamental research to practical engineering challenges in watercourses.

Celem pracy jest analiza wyników modelowania prędkości uśrednionej w pionie w kanale prostokątnym częściowo pokrytym roślinnością z użyciem dwuwymiarowego modelu przepływu CCHE2D. W pracy wykorzystano wyniki pomiarów laboratoryjnych przeprowadzonych w kanale prostokątnym w laboratorium Uniwersytetu Aalto w Finlandii (Aalto Environmental Hydraulics...

Two sets of triangular hydrographs were generated in a 12-m-long laboratory flume for two sets of initial bed conditions: intact and water-worked gravel bed. Flowrate ranging from 0.0013 m³ s⁻¹ to 0.0456 m³ s⁻¹, water level ranging from 0.02 m to 0.11 m, and cumulative mass of transported sediment ranging from 4.5 kg to 14.2 kg were measured. Then,...

Pools and riffles in gravel-bed rivers have a major effect on the variables of the flow equations. Obtaining measurements of these variables requires comprehensive research conducted in rivers. Detailed measurements were taken from one reach of the Kaj River, Iran. The subsequent results showed a phase shift for: X-component of velocity, near bed v...

This book contains the written, thoroughly reviewed versions of both invited lectures and regular presentations given at the 36th International School of Hydraulics, held at Jachranka in Poland on May 23–26, 2017. The contributions cover recent findings in the areas of mathematical modeling as well as experimental investigations related to free sur...

A term expressing heat exchange between water and air is often present in models of thermal pollution spreading in rivers. The importance of this term depends strongly on temporal and spatial scale of the process as well on meteorological and hydrological conditions. Although heat exchange between the water and atmosphere has been studied for many...

This work aimed to examine the impact of rapid hydraulic structures on water temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration in the Porębianka mountain stream. This has been achieved by measurements of hydraulic characteristics and physiochemical properties of water such as water temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration. It has been shown that...

The influence of initial conditions on the prediction of the increase of river temperature below the point of release of heated water for a designed power plant has been analysed in this study. The results for different assumed values of river flow and different temperatures of the discharged heated water have been presented. The results have been...

Instytuty Polskiej Akademii Nauk mają wśród polskich instytucji naukowych czołowy potencjał merytoryczny. W instytutach PAN w latach 2013-2016 powstało 19,7% prac afiliowanych w polskich instytucjach i umieszczonych w najbardziej prestiżowych pismach naukowych danych dziedzin (górne 10% z list pism danej dziedziny nauki uszeregowanych według rosnąc...

A term expressing heat exchange between water and air is often present in models of thermal pollution spreading in rivers. The importance of this term depends strongly on temporal and spatial scale of the process as well as on meteorological and hydrological conditions. Although heat exchange between the water and atmosphere has been studied for ma...

Opening of the XXXVI International School of Hydraulics

The popularity of metaheuristics, especially Swarm Intelligence and Evolutionary Algorithms, has increased rapidly over the last two decades. Numerous algorithms are proposed each year, and progressively more novel applications are being found. However, different metaheuristics are often compared by their performance on problems with an arbitrarily...

Physical modeling and experimental research have become effective methods to study bed load transport phenomena. In this paper, results of flume experiments are presented and discussed in the light of the results of earlier experimental studies found in the literature. Beside its advantages, physical modeling of unsteady bed load transport has a lo...

The present study deals with the turbulence structure in order to better understand the interaction of bedform and flow characteristics in a gravel-bed river. Data measured above a bedform is used to analyze the importance of coherent structures in turbulent transfer. The Reynolds stress and turbulence intensity in stream-wise direction illustrate...

In this study, we investigated the temporal variability of dissolved oxygen and water temperature in conjunction with water level fluctuations and river discharge in the Narew lowland river reach. For this purpose, high resolution hydrologic and water quality time series have been used. Spectral analyses of time series using continuous wavelet tran...

Anastomosing rivers exhibit large spatial diversity in morphology and hydrological processes, that manifests in temporal thermal heterogeneity. This, in turn, determines the rate of biochemical processes and the distribution of aquatic macrophytes within the river ecosystem. In this study, we investigated the spatio-temporal variability of water te...

The aim of this work was to examine the oxygen transfer efficiency at two hydraulic structures located on the Narew and Wilga rivers in order to assess their impact on downstream oxygen conditions. This has been done through the continuous ‘in situ’ measurements of dissolved oxygen concentrations over 24-h periods of time above and below the consid...

This chapter presents settings and results of laboratory experiments on bed load transport. Experiments were performed for unsteady hydrographs and for steady flow conditions. Continuous measurements of transported mass and flow rate reveal a clockwise hysteresis of bed load rate versus flow rate. A comparison between bed load rate in unsteady and...

This paper presents an evaluation and analysis of resistance parameters: friction slope, friction velocity and Manning coefficient in unsteady flow. The methodology to enhance the evaluation of resistance by relations derived from flow equations is proposed. The main points of the methodology are (1) to choose a resistance relation with regard to a...

The impact of floodplain hydrology on the in-stream dissolved oxygen dynamics and the relation between dissolved oxygen and water temperature are investigated. This has been done by examining the time series of dissolved oxygen and water temperature coupled with meteorological and hydrological data obtained from two lowland rivers having contrastin...

The paper presents estimates of the friction velocity in unsteady flow using two formulas that have been derived from the two-dimensional Reynolds and one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations. Experiments on unsteady flow were performed to collect data on the spatio-temporal evolution of the water level and velocity necessary to apply the formulas. T...

Modeling framework for stream temperature, especially after introducing substantial amount of heat pollution, is presented in this chapter. An overview of the mathematics and solution techniques suited for heat transfer quantification is given and the models presented range from 3D aimed at short distances towards 1D approach allowing for modeling...

The motion of bedload particles is diffusive and occurs within at least three scale ranges: local, intermediate and global, each of which with a distinctly different diffusion regime. However, these regimes, extensions of the scale ranges and boundaries between them remain to be better defined and quantified. These issues are explored using a Lagra...

This paper presents settings and results of laboratory experiments on bed load transport. Experiments were performed for unsteady hydrographs and for steady flow conditions. Continuous measurements of transported mass and flow rate reveals a clockwise hysteresis of bed load rate vs. flow rate. The comparison between bed load rate in unsteady and st...

This book describes the domain of research and investigation of physical, chemical and biological attributes of flowing water, and it deals with a cross-disciplinary field of study combining physical, geophysical, hydraulic, technological, environmental interests. It aims to equip engineers, geophysicists, managers working in water-related arenas a...

The paper discusses methods of expressing and evaluating resistance to flow in an unsteady flow. Following meaningful trends in hydrological sciences, the paper suggests abandoning, where possible, resistance coefficients in favour of physically based variables such as shear stress and friction velocity. Consequently, an acknowledged method of fric...

This paper presents results of a field investigation conducted to examine the bed sediment, riverbed morphology and flow structure over dunes in natural and regulated channels. Field measurements using an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) have been carried out on two parts of lowland Wilga River in Poland. It is shown that the bedforms with...

While solving practical problems concerning thermal pollution spreading in rivers, we very often deal with limited measuring data. At the same time the main target of such studies is usually the assessment of possible threats to the environment. Therefore the use of numerical models to simulate various scenarios of pollution spreading is a useful t...

The Institute of Geophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences is the natural successor to the glorious tradition of geophysical research in Poland. It plays the leading role in exploration of the Earth, beginning from the atmosphere across hydrosphere to the lithosphere at the end. This chapter is prepared on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of...

The history of research on hydrological and hydrodynamic processes carried out at the Department of Hydrology and Hydrodynamics, Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences is discussed. The genesis and development of the Department are briefly presented. The chapter focuses on the structure of the Department as well as the people associate...

Due to abundance of novel optimization algorithms in recent years, the problem of large similarities among methods that are named differently is becoming troublesome and general. The question arises if the novel source of inspiration is sufficient to breed an optimization algorithm with a novel name, even if its search properties are almost the sam...

In the paper, friction slope is evaluated from the St Venant set of equations. A dam-break experiment was designed in order to collect data necessary to apply friction slope formula. The magnitude of momentum conservation equation terms and their temporal variability are presented in relation to friction slope. Results reveals that all terms are of...

The objective of this work is to present the application of a shear velocity formula derived from the Saint-Venant set of equations to selected field data. The paper presents the variability of the shear velocity in time during flood wave passage with particular emphasis on the error analysis.

Nature-inspired metaheuristics found various applications in different fields of science, including the problem of artificial neural networks (ANN) training. However, very versatile opinions regarding the performance of metaheuristics applied to ANN training may be found in the literature. Both nature-inspired metaheuristics and ANNs are widely app...

A 3D Lagrangian model of the saltation of solid spherical particles on the bed of an open channel flow, accounting for turbulence-induced mechanisms, is proposed and employed as the key tool of the study. The differences between conventional 2D models and a proposed 3D saltation model are discussed and the advantages of the 3D model are highlighted...

The present work aims to discuss results obtained from the field investigation on dissolved oxygen variability carried out on two natural lowland rivers, namely the Świder and the Narew belonged to national park and natural reserve. Both of them represent different types of rivers, starting from small, sand bed river with migrating bedforms and rel...

The chapter addresses the issue of evaluating uncertainty of measurements in river hydraulics. As replication of experiments in natural settings is not possible, the chapter highlights the case of unrepeatable experiments. Evaluation of friction velocity under flood conditions basing on the Saint-Venant set of equations serves as an example of indi...

Achievements of a noteworthy Polish scientist, Professor Włodzimierz Czernuszenko, in the context of international cooperation are presented herein. He was one of the initiators of the in-depth research in the emerging field of environmental hydraulics. He is well-known for his studies on turbulence in open-channels, heat and mass transport in rive...

In this chapter a Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) was presented as a relatively simple tool for generation of flow velocity field over river sand waves. The special attention was paid to the way of discretization of the presented equations. The choice of this method was conditioned by its advantages for modeling of complex geometries. Moreover, the...

The present study aims at the evaluation of sources of uncertainty in modelling of heat transport in a river caused by the discharge coming from a cooling system of a designed gas-stem power plant. This study was a part of an Environmental Impact Assessment and was based on two-dimensional modelling of temperature distribution in an actual river. T...

Methods of computing the deflections of flexible vegetation elements under the dynamic pressure of water were presented in the paper. Two methods, based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, were discussed, one designed for small deflections and the other, generalized one, also for larger deflections. The choice of the method for computations of deflecti...

The present study aims at evaluation of sources of uncertainty in modelling of heat transport in a river caused by the discharge coming from a cooling system of a designed gas-stem power plant. This study was a part of Environmental Impact Assessment and was based on two-dimensional modelling of temperature distribution in an actual river. The prob...

One-dimensional model for vertical profiles of longitudinal velocities in open-channel flows is verified against laboratory data obtained in an open channel with artificial plants. Those plants simulate Canadian waterweed which in nature usually forms dense stands that reach all the way to the water surface. The model works particularly well for de...

In order to predict the impact of pollution incidents on rivers, it is necessary to predict the dispersion coefficient and the flow velocity corresponding to the discharge in the river of interest. This paper explores methods for doing this, particularly with a view to applications on ungauged rivers, i.e. those for which little hydraulic or morpho...