Paweł Czarnota

Rzeszów University · Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection

Over the last century, many large carnivore populations in Europe were extirpated or severely depleted. In particular, Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) numbers were extensively reduced. By the 1950s, only five populations persisted in isolated ranges, including the L. l. carpathicus subspecies within the Carpathian Mountains. Despite this population being...

Main conclusion Rainwater most probably constitutes a relatively effective solvent for lichen substances in nature which have the potential to provide for human and environmental needs in the future. Abstract The aims were (i) to test the hypothesis on the potential solubility of lichen phenolic compounds using rainwater under conditions that part...

Lobaria pulmonaria has been subject to strict and zonal protection in Poland for almost 20 years, assuming the function of an umbrella species for the protection of natural biodiversity. Knowledge about this function, however, is limited, mainly due to a lack of relevant research. e current protection zone with a radius (R) of up to 50 m was signi...

The lichen biota of the Karnieszewice Forest Division (N Poland) is presented. Despite it is predominantly a strongly managed woodland area, 270 lichen species were found there including many rare species for Poland, as well as for European Low-land. Near 20% of the whole lichen biota are considered to be threatened in the country (categories CR, E...

We investigated which of the following environmental factors: the number of years since the windthrow of the tree (the age of dead wood), the phytocenosis (the type of forest community), altitude, exposure, wood hardness and the spatial scale of forest disturbances (small gaps with a few fallen spruces vs large-area windthrows) contributed to the d...

Tree aboveground biomass and its increment are sensitive forest and landscape dynamics indicators. Although various methods can measure forest biomass dynamics, only in situ, direct monitoring can substantially reduce the uncertainty related to unknown or uncontrolled factors. Within the present study, we aimed to isolate drivers of tree biomass in...

Although many studies have examined the algae associated with various habitats in tree trunks, the diatoms in these environments are still poorly studied. Studies of corticolous algae mainly focus on green algae and cyanobacteria, which are usually immediately visible, while diatoms are mostly overlooked or not reported. During the research, 143 sp...

Non-invasive research methods such as camera trap monitoring are helpful to gather data on a wide array of species and to understand inter- and intraspecific interactions. We analysed the temporal use of the area by medium and large mammalian species over 24h period across the seasons. Recordings from camera traps were collected from 2017 to 2019 i...

Mountains are species-rich systems. Diverse topography, microclimate, geology, habitat heterogeneity or latitudinal extent enhance biodiversity. Altitudinal range and high elevations support also the presence of unique species, including lichens. One of the largest European mountains – the Alps, belong to globally lichenologically best investigated...

Over the last decades the West Carpathian spruce and mixed forests with a share of Picea abies, have been undergoing intensified dynamic changes, determined by windstorms and European spruce bark beetle outbreaks. Those changes should have a decisive effect on the survivability of species and shifts in epiphytic lichen communities on this phorophyt...

The present meta-analysis provides literature data on the effect of lichen extracts and single secondary metabolites used against Fusarium spp. moulds. Lichen extracts were obtained from 51 corticolous, 17 terricolous and 18 saxicolous lichen species and 37 secondary compounds were tested against eight fungal species, i.e., Fusarium acuminatum, F....

An analysis of data from experimental studies investigating the effect of powdered thalli, extracts and secondary metabolites from 25 lichen species on the growth dynamics of the mycelia of 36 species of macromy-cetes classified into different trophic groups (pathogens, saprotrophs and mycorrhizal fungi) is presented. Since various methods have bee...

Tanona M., Czarnota P., 2022. What determines the diversity and succession of lichens inhabiting post-bark beetle snags in the Western Carpathians? Ann. For. Res. 65(1): 65-84. Abstract The life strategy of Norway spruce allows the recovery of European spruce forests in a scenario of catastrophic disturbances caused by the European spruce bark beet...

A systematic review of literature data on the antifungal potential of extracted lichen compounds and individual secondary metabolites against mold species of the genus Aspergillus is provided. Crude extracts from 49 epiphytic, 16 epigeic and 22 epilithic species of lichens and 44 secondary metabolites against 10 species, Aspergillus candidus, A. fa...

The antifungal activity of secondary lichen metabolites extracted by means of acetone and ethanol from Cetraria islandica, Cladonia mitis, C. rangiferina, Pseudevernia furfuracea and Usnea dasopoga on the pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxyspo-rum and F. avenacuem was examined. The activity of extracted compounds was tested after their mixture with PDA m...

The aim of the research was to check whether the healing of bark-stripping wounds of the silver fir tree trunks reduces the share of wood-decomposing fungi, which may be the result of inter-species interactions. The study carried out in Gorce National Park in Polish Western Carpathians analyzed drill holes of sapwood from three types of wounds (fre...

Noninvasive methods, which do not require direct access to or harassment of animals, are essential for biodiversity monitoring. For mammals, analyses of scats and hair samples, tracking and recording by remote cameras are among the most commonly used. This study aimed to verify the current status of animal populations using camera traps in Gorce Na...

The paper presents new localities of 44 lichen species and four lichenicolous fungi, which are considered to be rare or threatened in Poland. In addition to the list of localities, brief comments on their characteristic features and general distribution in Poland are provided.

Traditional husbandry fostered rich semi-open oakwood communities composed of forest and non-forest species. In the eastern Carpathian region, silvo-pastoralism was commonplace by the mid-1900s. This study aimed to determine the state of the preservation of the ecotonal character of grassland-woodland interfaces in formerly pastured cultural landsc...

Die Flechtenflora der Naturschutzgebiete ‚Selketal‘ (NSG 73) und ‚Oberes Selketal‘ (NSG 178) einschließlich lichenicoler Pilze wird vorgestellt. Im NSG 73 wurden insgesamt 178 Taxa festgestellt, davon sind 40 % in der Roten Liste Sachsen-Anhalts verzeichnet und knapp 60 % sind Waldarten. Für das NSG 178 konnten 289 Taxa festgestellt werden. 47 % de...

Bacidina margallensis and B. iqbalii from Pakistan are described and illustrated. Phylogeny of ITS nrDNA region confirms their position within the genus Bacidina, and morphological data make them distinct from other known species of the genus. Based on molecular data, corticolous Bacidina margallensis appears to be a sister species to B. chloroticu...

Bacidina margallensis and B. iqbalii from Pakistan are described and illustrated. Phylogeny of ITS nrDNA region confirms their position within the genus Bacidina, and morphological data make them distinct from other known species of the genus. Based on molecular data, corticolous Bacidina margallensis appears to be a sister species to B. chloroticu...

The list includes 241 taxa of lichen-forming fungi (lichens), 108 taxa of lichenicolous fungi and two lichenicolous myxomycetes about which records from the Polish Carpathians were reported after 2003, after the publication of checklists of lichens and lichenicolous fungi for the eastern and western part of this mountain range within the borders of...

The Index of Atmospheric Purity (IAP) is a popular tool used for the assessment of air quality in polluted urban areas, on the basis of phytosociological data of epiphytic lichen communities. We hypothesized that this indicator could also be used in less polluted forest areas to determine the quality of ecological conditions for lichens. The aim of...

Five species of lichen-forming fungi not reported yet or rare in the Carpathians have been found during lichenological researches by authors in the Tatra Mts and the Gorce Mts. Of these, Tetramelas chloroleucus has not been recorded in Poland since the 19th century and, similarly to Gyalecta russula, has been found for the first time in the Polish...

The review of current studies on the importance of two main natural disturbances in montane and boreal forests of Europe, dominated by Norway spruce, namely windstorms and the spruce bark beetle outbreaks, for the accumulation of decaying wood in forest ecosystems, shows the relationship between these processes and the creation of habitat diversity...

The growth rate inhibition of dermatophytes by compounds extracted by acetone, ethanol, methanol and water derived from representatives of several lichen genera (e.g. Caloplaca, Everniastrum, Heterodermia, Hypotrachyna, Platismatia and Ramalina) were compared on the basis of a worldwide review of published research. The examined dermatophytes inclu...

The monitoring of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in the Gorce National Park (Carpathians, Poland) with the use of camera trapping between 2014-2018: recommendations on the future species protection. The results of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) monitoring, based on 1,434 pictures and 2,856 videos from camera-traps deployed between 2014-2018 in the Gorce Nati...

Ungethüm K. 2018: Beiträge zur Flechtenflora Sachsen-Anhalts und angrenzender Regionen (Teil 1).-Herzogia 31: 700-715. Es werden 31 Taxa aus Mitteldeutschland behandelt. Insgesamt 13 Taxa konnten neu für Sachsen-Anhalt nachgewie-sen werden, darunter drei lichenicole Pilze. Es handelt sich um Bacidia fraxinea, Caloplaca atroflava, Candelaria pacific...

Zusammenfassung: Stordeur R., Beck A., Christl S., Czarnota P., Eckstein J., Kison H.-U., Otte V., Seelemann A., Sipman H.J.M., Schiefelbein U. & Ungethüm K. 2018: Beiträge zur Flechtenflora Sachsen- Anhalts und angrenzender Regionen (Teil 1). – Herzogia 31: 700 –715. Es werden 31 Taxa aus Mitteldeutschland behandelt. Insgesamt 13 Taxa konnten neu...

Eighteen species of lichenized and two species of lichenicolous fungi from oak stands of east-central Europe’s rural landscapes are presented. Rinodina isidioides is new to eastern Europe and the Carpathians, Abrothallus microspermus is new to the Carpathians, Rinodina excrescens is new to the eastern Carpathians, Biatora pontica is new to the Poli...

Loch J., Czarnota P., Wierzbowski J. 2018. Skład pokarmu wybranych ssaków drapieżnych na terenie Gorczańskiego Parku Narodowego. Sylwan 162 (4): 333−342. The aim of the study was to assess the diet composition of four carnivore species inhabiting the Gorce National Park (Western Carpathians, S Poland), i.e., grey wolf (Canis lupus), Eurasian lynx (...

Bacidina mendax , described here as a new lichen species, appears to be common and widespread, at least in Central Europe. Analyses of the ITS rDNA region and the morphology of specimens showed an intraspecific variation in the new taxon. It differs from B. neosquamulosa in the lack of a subsquamulose thallus, and from B. caligans in its longer and...

The aim of the study was to assess the diet composition of four carnivore species inhabiting the Gorce National Park (Western Carpathians, S Poland), i.e., grey Wolf {Cams lupus), Eurasian lynx [Lynx lynx), red fox {Vulpes vulpes), and pine marten (Martes martes). The food analysis was based on scats collected between June 2016 and February 2017 al...

Book of Abstracts.

Fifty-nine species (21 lichens, 37 lichenicolous fungi and 1 non-lichenized fungus) are reported as new or noteworthy from the Harz Mountains in north-central Germany. Trimmatostroma arctoparmeliae (on Arctoparmelia incurva) is described as new, Lasiosphaeriopsis lecanorae and Tremella diploschistina are new to Central Europe, Lichenothelia tenuiss...

Three sterile crustose lichen species, Buellia arborea from the Tatra Mts and Catillaria fungoides and Cheiromycina reimeri from Białowieza National Park, are recorded as new to Poland. The record of Cheiromycina reimeri is also the first from Europe. Characteristics of all three species, notes on similar taxa, distribution, and habitat preferences...

em>Bacidia fuscoviridis and Bacidina brandii , two lichen-forming fungi, are reported from Poland. Bacidia fuscoviridis , previously known from only one locality in Poland, has been found in several ranges of Western Carpathians on natural rocks as well as on hydrotechnic constructions. The only published collection of Bacidina brandii from Poland...

The paper lists 337 species from Magurski National Park (MNP): 314 lichens, 18 lichenicolous fungi, four saprotrophic fungi and one lichenicolous myxomycete; 112 of them are new for MNP, 75 are reported for the first time for the Beskid Niski Mts, and two are new for Poland. Selected species are accompanied by taxonomic notes and remarks on their d...

The results of lichenological excursions of the 19th Symposium of Baltic Mycologists and Lichenologists (BMLS) in Latvia, Kurzeme region, 22–26 September 2014, are reported. A list of 290 species is presented, of which 238 are lichenized, 43 lichen-inhabiting, and nine saprotrophic fungi: ninety-one species are new to Latvia, twelve of which (Calop...

Micarea soralifera sp. nov., a new sorediate species belonging to the M. prasina group, is characterized by soralia developing directly from the endoxylic thallus or small external areoles, as well as the presence of micareic acid. Phylogenetic analyses of mtSSU rDNA sequences have shown that its closest relative is M. subviridescens . ITS rDNA seq...

We tested two methods to obtain more complete species inventories in surveys of lichen biodiversity. The first was to employ eight lichenologists (all experienced, some specialists) acting as individuals in parallel in a competitive survey. The second was to organize those lichenologists into two competing teams. We show that overall recorded biodi...

Two lichenized fungi, Lecania cuprea and Micarea pycnidiophora, are reported for the first time from Poland. Lecania cuprea is also recorded as a new lichen species to the Western Beskidy Mts and the Pieniny Mts and M. pycnidiophora is new to the Carpathians. Illustrated descriptions, taxonomic notes, habitat requirements and known distributions fo...

The lichen biota of the Karnieszewice Forest Division (N Poland) is presented. Despite it is predominantly a strongly managed woodland area, 270 lichen species were found there including many rare species for Poland, as well as for European Low-land. Near 20% of the whole lichen biota are considered to be threatened in the country (categories CR, E...

The lichen biota of the Karnieszewice Forest Division (N Poland) is presented. Despite it is predominantly a strongly managed woodland area, 270 lichen species were found there including many rare species for Poland, as well as for European Low-land. Near 20% of the whole lichen biota are considered to be threatened in the country (categories CR, E...

Micarea elachista, M. micrococca and M. misella are reported for the first time from Belarus. Their phenotypic characters, distribution and ecological preferences are given.

Some interesting results of lichenological surveys conducted mainly in 2012 in the Harz National Park, Germany are presented. Included are notes on distribution, ecology and taxonomy for 33 lichen-forming and seven lichenicolous taxa. Micarea nowakii is new to Germany. A total of 26 species are new to either Lower Saxony or Saxony-Anhalt; 25 specie...

The paper presents the list of 159 taxa, including 151 lichens and 8 saprotrophic or parasitic (lichenicolous) fungi, recorded in the designed Special Area of Conservation NATURA 2000 „Middle Łyna River Valley – Smolajny” (the Forest Division of Wichrowo). The analysed area (2953 ha) covers mostly forest communities, with natural character, assoc...

Ten microlichens growing on more or less moribund thalli of several terricolous Peltigera spp. are reported from Wyżyna Śląsko-Krakowska upland in southern Poland. The list includes: Absconditella delutula, Agonimia vouauxii, Bacidia pycnidiata (for the first time as a lichenicolous lichen), Bacidina chloroticula, Placynthiella dasea, Scutula sp.,...

Results from the excursion of the 20th biennial symposium in Vadstena 11–15 August 2013 are presented. Eight localities in and around Vadstena were visited. Forty-three species are reported as new to the province Östergötland [Ostrogothia], three of which are new to the Nordic countries: Lecanora compallens, Polycoccum kerneri and Tremella caloplac...

Taxonomic remarks, known distribution, ecological notes and new records in Central Europe for two species of Epigloea are provided. Many specimens recognized here under E. soleiformis characterize slightly wider and more ellipsoid ascospores than those described in the protologue but they are regarded as some kind of a phenetic variability of this...

Two hepaticolous fungi, Mniaecia jungermanniae and Puttea margaritella rarely recorded in Europe have recently been found in Polish Western Carpathians. Both species are also reported here for the first time from Poland. Notes on their taxonomy, ecology and distribution are provided.

The paper reports the results of lichenological investigations in Asveja Regional Park (eastern Lithuania). A large part of the study was performed during the joint 18th Symposium of the Baltic Mycologists and Lichenologists (BMLS) and Nordic Lichen Society (Nordisk Lichenologisk Förening, NLF) meeting on 19-23 September 2011. A list of 259 species...

46 lichenized fungi and 1 lichenicolous fungus new to the Babia Góra Massif, a Polish and Slovak transborder mountain range, the highest in the flysch Western Carpathians, are presented here. Taxonomic and ecological remarks, as well as the distribution of some noteworthy taxa in other Carpathian ranges, are included. Helocarpon crassipes is report...

Bacidina flavoleprosa is described as a new species from the Czech Republic. Its position within the genus is supported by phylogenetic inferences of ITS rDNA sequences from its holotype and many other representatives of Bacidia s. lat., including newly sequenced Bacidina sulphurella, B. adastra and B. neosquamulosa, as well as additional sequences...

Agonimia flabelliformis sp. nov. (Verrucariaceae, Ascomycota) is described as a new species from the Czech Republic, Germany and Great Britain. Except for the distinctive, flabelliform to minutely coralloid thallus the species mostly resembles A. allobata. It differs from other related species of Agonimia in the absence of cortical papillae and in...

This paper presents the results of studies on the lichen biota of the Wdzydzki Landscape Park. Altogether 276 lichens, 38 lichenicolous fungi, 5 sapro- trophic fungi traditionally placed into the lichen checklists as well as 1 lichenico- lous myxomycete were found in the studied area. Roselliniella microthelia is re- ported as a new to Poland, wher...

Eight species of lichen-forming, eight lichenicolous and three non-lichenized fungi are reported from the Leningrad Region. Arthonia caerulescens, A. ligniaria, Hawksworthiana peltigericola, Micarea pycnidiophora and Trichonectria rubefaciens are new to Russia; Micarea lutulata, Protoparmelia oleagina and Stictis radiata are new to the North-Wester...

: Lichens of the Muránska Planina National Park IV – Fabova hoľa. Contemporary knowledge of the lichen-flora of Fabova hoľa Mt. (the Muránska Planina National Park) based on recent field research and compilation of existing data is summarized. So far 164 species have been recorded here. Six of them were not reported from Slovakia so far: Gyalideops...

The whole known lichen biota of the Drawieński National Park is presented. In total 290 species (262 lichenized, 25 lichenicolous and 3 lichen-related, saprotrophic fungi) are listed. Trichonectria anisospora and Milospium lacoizquetae are reported as new to Poland. Lecanora stenotropa and Phaeophyscia pusilloides are reported for the first time fr...

Results of author's investigations focused on threatened, red-listed lichen-forming fungi in Polish Western Carpathian forests naturally destroyed by gales and the activity of bark beetle Ips typographus are briefly characterized. Field explorations were made in 2008–2010 in the strictly protected areas of the Babia Góra, Gorce and Tatra National P...

Fifteen lichenized and 7 lichenicolus fungi new to the whole Tatra Mts, next 7 species new for only the Polish side of this mountain range are reported. Three other sorediate lichen species rarely reported from Polish Carpathians are also included. Agonimia flabelliformis is recorded as new for Poland and the Carpathians. Some noteworthy species ar...

Endoxylic Micarea contexta Hedl. and epilithic M. lynceola (Th. Fr.) Palice are presented as lichenized fungi new for Poland and the Carpathians. Their phenotypic characters and affi nities to other Micarea species, their world distribution and ecological preferences are given, with an updated key for all members of Micarea s.l. found in Poland.

Taxonomic and chorological notes on four Lecanora species, misidentified or poorly known in Poland, are presented. L. aitema is reported from Poland for the first time; its status and previous reports in the country are discussed. L. phaeostigma, practically known only from historical publications, appears to be quite frequent in the Polish Carpath...

Records of 46 lichenicolous fungi are presented. Taeniolella rolfii is reported as new to Central Europe, and Arthonia digitatae and Trichonectria rubefaciens new to Poland. Roselliniella stereocaulorum is reported from the second European locality. Taeniolella trapeliopseos is discovered for the first time in the Carpathians. Phaeosporobolus alpin...

The phylogeny of the Micarea prasina group was investigated using mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences from 14 taxa representing this group, four other members of the genus Micarea, and Psilolechia lucida as an outgroup. A total of 31 new mtSSU rDNA sequences were generated, including 10 from the M. micrococca complex. Bayesian, maxi...

A description of the lichen biota of three nature reserves – Kaugatoma-Lõo, Odalätsi and Viieristi reserves in Saaremaa island, Estonia is presented. In total 404 species are listed, of them 228 are recorded from Kaugatoma-Lõo, 169 from Odalätsi and 167 from Viieristi reserves. The composition of the lichen biota of the reserves reflects the availa...

Japewia tornoensis is reported for the first time from the Carpathians and Poland. Further localities of J. subaurifera, known so far from a single Carpathian collection in the Polish tatra Mts., are also presented. Some diagnostic features and general distribution of both species are provided and similar taxa are discussed.

Formerly reported as maritime Antarctic Bacidia sp. A has been re−named here as B. chrysocolla Olech, Czarnota et Llop. Another new species, B. subcoprodes Olech et Czarnota, found in the continental and maritime Antarctic has also been described here. A placement of both taxa within Bacidia De Not. is probably tentative because they are not congen...

The recently described, terricolous and corticolous, sorediate lichen Lecanora flavoleprosa (belonging to the L. symmicta group) is for the first time recorded from the Carpathians. So far, this rare European species has only been reported from a few localities in the Austrian and Swiss Alps, and Fennoscandia (Norway and Sweden). In this paper seve...

New data on four Vezdaea species and Trapelia corticola (lichenized Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes) are presented for Poland. V. acicularis is reported as new to the country and records of V. retigera are newly published. Further collections of the rare V. stipitata and relatively common V. aestivalis are presented. New localities of Trapelia corticol...

Data on the poorly known lichen genus Absconditella in Poland are presented. A. pauxilla is reported as new to the country. New collections of the rare in Central Europe A. delutula and A. sphagnorum are provided. Additionally, new records of the very much overlooked A. lignicola are presented from many regions of Poland. Taxonomic remarks, known w...