Pavlo Bazilinskyy

Pavlo Bazilinskyy
Eindhoven University of Technology | TUE · Department of Industrial Design

Doctor of Philosophy in Human factors of automated driving
Assistant professor at TU Eindhoven working on AI-driven interaction between automated vehicles and road users.

About

98
Publications
87,911
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1,171
Citations
Introduction
I am currently working as an assistant professor in the Future Everyday group of the department of Industrial Design of TU Eindhoven. My focus is on AI-driven interaction between automated vehicles, people inside of automated vehicles and other road users. During 2018-2022 I was postdoctoral researcher in the Human-Robot Interaction group at the department of Cognitive Robotics of TU Delft. In 2018 I finished my Marie Curie PhD within the HFAuto project at TU Delft.
Additional affiliations
August 2014 - April 2019
Delft University of Technology
Position
  • PostDoc Position
Education
September 2013 - July 2014
National University of Ireland, Maynooth
Field of study
  • Computer Science
September 2012 - July 2013
University of St Andrews
Field of study
  • Computer Science
September 2009 - May 2012
Mikkelin Ammattikorkeakoulu
Field of study
  • Information Technology

Publications

Publications (98)
Article
Full-text available
Objective: Research has shown that perceived risk is a vital variable in the understanding of road traffic safety. Having experience in a particular traffic environment can be expected to affect perceived risk. More specifically, drivers may readily recognize traffic hazards when driving in their own world region, resulting in high perceived risk (...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Future automated vehicles may be equipped with external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) capable of signaling to pedestrians whether or not they can cross the road. There is currently no consensus on the correct colors for eHMIs. Industry and academia have already proposed a variety of eHMI colors, including red and green, as well as colors that ar...
Preprint
Full-text available
External human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) may be useful for communicating the intention of an automated vehicle (AV) to a pedestrian, but it is unclear which eHMI design is most effective. In a crowdsourced experiment, we examined the effects of (1) colour (red, green, cyan), (2) position (roof, bumper, windshield), (3) message (WALK, DON’T WALK, W...
Preprint
Full-text available
Bazilinskyy, P., Dodou, D., & De Winter, J. C. F. (2019). Survey on eHMI concepts: The effect of text, color, and perspective. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 67, 175–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2019.10.013 ---- The automotive industry has presented a variety of external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) fo...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Driving simulators are regarded as valuable tools for human factors research on automated driving and traffic safety. However, simulators that enable the study of human-human interactions are rare. In this study, we present an open-source coupled simulator developed in Unity. The simulator supports input from head-mounted displays, motion suits, an...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
In the future, roads will host a complex mix of automated and manually operated vehicles, along with vulnerable road users. However, most automotive user interfaces and human factors research focus on single-agent studies, where one human interacts with one vehicle. Only a few studies incorporate multi-agent setups. This workshop aims to (1) examin...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
User interfaces are crucial for easy travel. To understand user preferences for travel information during automated shuttle rides, we conducted an online survey with 51 participants from 8 countries. The survey focused on the information passengers wish to access and their preferences for using mobile, private, and public screens during boarding an...
Preprint
Full-text available
Interaction between future cars and pedestrians should be designed to be understandable and safe globally. While previous research has studied vehicle-pedestrian interactions within specific cities or countries, this study offers a more scalable and robust approach by examining pedestrian behaviour worldwide. We present a dataset, "PYT which includ...
Poster
Full-text available
This poster presents our study on pedestrian behavior across 157 cities, utilizing 285 hours of dashcam footage sourced from YouTube. We adopted Open Science practices by making the dataset, "PYT," and the corresponding analysis code publicly available to foster transparency, collaboration, and reproducibility. By following the FAIR principles, we...
Preprint
Full-text available
Drones are being tested in healthcare settings to deliver medicines or equipment to humans during emergencies. Understanding how people perceive drone behaviour, specifically in terms of approach trajectories and delivery methods, and identifying factors that induce uncertainty is crucial for safety and trust. This VR experiment investigated the im...
Article
Full-text available
With the rise of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in transportation, a pressing concern is their seamless integration into daily life. In multi-pedestrian settings, two challenges emerge: ensuring unambiguous communication to individual pedestrians via external Human–Machine Interfaces (eHMIs), and the influence of one pedestrian over another. We conducte...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
In urban environments, cycling is an important method of transportation due to being sustainable, healthy and less space-intensive than motorised traffic. Most literature on interactions between automated vehicles (AVs) and vulnerable road users (VRUs) focuses on external Human-Machine Interfaces positioned on AVs and telling VRUs what to do. Such...
Preprint
Full-text available
We review the state of open science and the perspectives on open data sharing within the automotive user research community. Openness and transparency are critical not only for judging the quality of empirical research, but also for accelerating scientific progress and promoting an inclusive scientific community. However, there is little documentat...
Preprint
Full-text available
With the rapid development of automotive technology and artificial intelligence, in-vehicle agents have a large potential to solve the challenges of explaining the system status and the intentions of an automated vehicle. A robot-like in-vehicle agent was developed to explore the in-vehicle agent communicating through gestures and facial expression...
Article
Full-text available
Vision-language models are of interest in various domains, including automated driving, where computer vision techniques can accurately detect road users, but where the vehicle sometimes fails to understand context. This study examined the effectiveness of GPT-4V in predicting the level of ‘risk' in traffic images as assessed by humans. We used 210...
Preprint
Full-text available
Vision-language models are of interest in various domains, including automated driving, where computer vision techniques can accurately detect road users, but where the vehicle sometimes fails to understand context. This study examined the effectiveness of GPT-4V in predicting the level of ‘risk’ in traffic images as assessed by humans. We used 210...
Preprint
Full-text available
Diverse and realistic traffic scenarios are crucial for testing systems and human behaviour in transportation research. Leveraging Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), this study focuses on video-to-video translation to generate a variety of traffic scenes. By employing GANs for video-to-video translation, the study accurately captures the nuanc...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Human–Machine Interfaces (HMIs) for automated vehicles (AVs) are typically divided into two categories: internal HMIs for interactions within the vehicle, and external HMIs for communication with other road users. In this work, we examine the prospects of bridging these two seemingly distinct domains. Through a participatory workshop with automotiv...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Our mental state influences how we behave in and interact with the everyday world. Both uncertainty and emotions can alter our mental state and, thus, our behaviour. Although the relationship between uncertainty and emotions has been studied, research into this relationship in the context of daily travel is lacking. Emotions may influence uncertain...
Conference Paper
In this paper, we explore the field of holistic Human-Machine Interfaces (hHMIs). Currently, internal and external Human-Machine Interfaces are being researched as separate fields. This separation can lead to non-systemic designs that operate in different fashions, make the switch between traffic roles less seamless, and create differences in under...
Article
Full-text available
Exterior vehicle sounds have been introduced in electric vehicles and as external human-machine interfaces for automated vehicles. While previous research has studied the effect of exterior vehicle sounds on detectability and acceptance, the present study takes on a different approach by examining the efficacy of such sounds in deterring people fro...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
As the field of automated vehicles (AVs) advances, it has become increasingly critical to develop human-machine interfaces (HMI) for both internal and external communication. Critical dialogue is emerging around the potential necessity for a holistic approach to HMI designs, which promotes the integration of both in-vehicle user and external road u...
Preprint
Full-text available
Exterior vehicle sounds have been introduced in electric vehicles and as external human-machine interfaces for automated vehicles. While previous research has studied the effect of exterior vehicle sounds on detectability and acceptance, the present study takes on a different approach by examining the efficacy of such sounds in deterring people fro...
Article
Full-text available
Perceived risk, or subjective risk, is an important concept in the field of traffic psychology and automated driving. In this paper, we investigate whether perceived risk in images of traffic scenes can be predicted from computer vision features that may also be used by automated vehicles (AVs). We conducted an international crowdsourcing study wit...
Preprint
Full-text available
Perceived risk, or subjective risk, is an important concept in the field of traffic psychology and automated driving. In this paper, we investigate whether perceived risk in images of traffic scenes can be predicted from computer vision features that may also be used by automated vehicles (AVs). We conducted an international crowdsourcing study wit...
Article
Full-text available
Automated vehicles (AVs) may feature blinded (i.e. blacked-out) windows and external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs), and the driver may be inattentive or absent, but how these features affect cyclists is unknown. In a crowdsourcing study, participants viewed images of approaching vehicles from a cyclist's perspective and decided whether to brake....
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Future automated vehicles may be equipped with external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) capable of signaling whether pedestrians can cross the road. Industry and academia have proposed a variety of eHMIs featuring a text message. An eHMI message can refer to the action to be performed by the pedestrian (egocentric message) or the automated vehicle...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Mobile applications that provide GPS-based route navigation advice or driver diagnostics are gaining popularity. However, these applications currently do not have knowledge of whether the driver is performing a lane change. Having such information may prove valuable to individual drivers (e.g., to provide more specific navigation instructions) or r...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Past research suggests that displays on the exterior of the car, known as eHMIs, can be effective in helping pedestrians to make safe crossing decisions. This study examines a new application of eHMIs, namely the provision of directional information in scenarios where the pedestrian is almost hit by a car. In an experiment using a head-mounted disp...
Preprint
Full-text available
Automated vehicles (AVs) may feature blinded (i.e., blacked-out) windows and external Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs), and the driver may be inattentive or absent, but how these features affect cyclists is unknown. In a crowdsourcing study, participants viewed images of approaching vehicles from a cyclist’s perspective and decided whether to brake...
Article
Full-text available
Automated vehicles (AVs) can perform low-level control tasks but are not always capable of proper decision-making. This paper presents a concept of eye-based maneuver control for AV-pedestrian interaction. Previously, it was unknown whether the AV should conduct a stopping maneuver when the driver looks at the pedestrian or looks away from the pede...
Preprint
Full-text available
Mok, C. S., Bazilinskyy, P., & De Winter, J. C. F. (2022). Stopping by looking: A driver-pedestrian interaction study in a coupled simulator using head-mounted displays with eye-tracking. Applied Ergonomics, 105, 103825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2022.103825 -------------------------------------------------------- Automated vehicles (AVs) ca...
Article
Full-text available
Many fatal accidents that involve pedestrians occur at road crossings, and are attributed to a breakdown of communication between pedestrians and drivers. Thus, it is important to investigate how forms of communication in traffic, such as eye contact, influence crossing decisions. Thus far, there is little information about the effect of drivers' e...
Preprint
Full-text available
Many fatal accidents that involve pedestrians occur at road crossings, and are attributed to a breakdown of communication between pedestrians and drivers. Thus, it is important to investigate how forms of communication in traffic, such as eye contact, influence crossing decisions. Thus far, there is little information about the effect of drivers’ e...
Article
Full-text available
Non-verbal communication, such as eye contact between drivers and pedestrians, has been regarded as one way to reduce accident risk. So far, studies have assumed rather than objectively measured the occurrence of eye contact. We address this research gap by developing an eye contact detection method and testing it in an indoor experiment with scrip...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
In a crowdsourced experiment, the effects of distance and type of the approaching vehicle, traffic density, and visual clutter on pedestrians’ attention distribution were explored. 966 participants viewed 107 images of diverse traffic scenes for durations between 100 and 4000 ms. Participants’ eye-gaze data were collected using the TurkEyes method....
Preprint
Non-verbal communication, such as eye contact between drivers and pedestrians, has been regarded as one way to reduce accident risk. So far, studies have assumed rather than objectively measured the occurrence of eye contact. We address this research gap by developing an eye contact detection method and testing it in an indoor experiment with scrip...
Article
Full-text available
An important question in the development of automated vehicles (AVs) is which driving style AVs should adopt and how other road users perceive them. The current study aimed to determine which AV behaviours contribute to pedestrians’ judgements as to whether the vehicle is driving manually or automatically as well as judgements of likeability. We te...
Article
Full-text available
External human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) may be useful for communicating the intention of an automated vehicle (AV) to a pedestrian, but it is unclear which eHMI design is most effective. In a crowdsourced experiment, we examined the effects of (1) colour (red, green, cyan), (2) position (roof, bumper, windshield), (3) message (WALK, DON'T WALK, W...
Article
Full-text available
It may be necessary to introduce new modes of communication between automated vehicles (AVs) and pedestrians. This research proposes using the AV’s lateral deviation within the lane to communicate if the AV will yield to the pedestrian. In an online experiment, animated video clips depicting an approaching AV were shown to participants. Each of 110...
Preprint
Full-text available
An important question in the development of automated vehicles (AVs) is which driving style AVs should adopt and how other road users perceive them. The current study aimed to determine which AV behaviours contribute to pedestrians’ judgements as to whether the vehicle is driving manually or automatically as well as judgements of likeability. We te...
Article
Full-text available
Various external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) have been proposed that communicate the intent of automated vehicles (AVs) to vulnerable road users. However, there is no consensus on which eHMI concept is most suitable for intent communication. In nature, animals have evolved the ability to communicate intent via visual signals. Inspired by inten...
Preprint
Full-text available
Various visual external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) have been proposed that communicate the intent of automated vehicles (AVs) to vulnerable road users. However, there is no consensus on which eHMI concept is most suitable for intent communication. In nature, animals have evolved the ability to communicate intent via visual signals. Inspired b...
Preprint
Full-text available
It may be necessary to introduce new modes of communication between automated vehicles (AVs) and pedestrians. This research proposes using the AV’s lateral deviation within the lane to communicate if the AV will yield to the pedestrian. In an online experiment, animated video clips depicting an approaching AV were shown to participants. Each of 110...
Article
Full-text available
We examined what pedestrians look at when walking through a parking garage. Thirty-six participants walked a short route in a floor of a parking garage while their eye movements and head rotations were recorded with a Tobii Pro Glasses 2 eye-tracker. The participants’ fixations were then classified into 14 areas of interest. The results showed that...
Preprint
Full-text available
We examined what pedestrians look at when walking through a parking garage. Thirty-six participants walked a short route in a floor of a parking garage while their eye movements and head rotations were recorded with a Tobii Pro Glasses 2 eye-tracker. The participants’ fixations were then classified into 14 areas of interest. The results showed that...
Poster
Full-text available
Driving simulators are regarded as valuable tools for human factors research on automated driving and traffic safety. However, simulators that enable the study of human-human interactions are rare. In this study, we present an open-source coupled simulator developed in Unity. The simulator supports input from head-mounted displays, motion suits, an...
Poster
Full-text available
A naturalistic pilot study of cyclists’ eye- and head movement using head-mounted eye-tracking
Preprint
Full-text available
Objective: Research has shown that perceived risk is a vital variable in the understanding of road traffic safety. Having experience in a particular traffic environment can be expected to affect perceived risk. More specifically, drivers may readily recognise traffic hazards when driving in their own world region, resulting in high perceived risk (...
Article
Full-text available
The number of trucks that are equipped with driver assistance systems is increasing. These driver assistance systems typically offer binary auditory warnings or notifications upon lane departure, close headway, or automation (de)activation. Such binary sounds may annoy the driver if presented frequently. Truck drivers are well accustomed to the sou...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
This study is the third iteration in a series of studies aimed to develop a system that allows driving blindfolded. We used a sonification approach, where the predicted angular error of the car 2 seconds into the future was translated into spatialized beeping sounds. In a driving simulator experiment, we tested with 20 participants whether a surrou...
Preprint
Full-text available
In the automotive industry sounds often play a safety-critical role. The automotive industry is recognized as a challenging arena for sound design, as presented information not only needs to comply with safety regulations but also be pleasant to drive and match subjective expectations. By means of a structured interview with 10 employees of the com...
Article
Full-text available
Objective: This study aimed to replicate past research concerning reaction times to audiovisual stimuli with different stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), using a large sample of crowdsourcing respondents. Background: Research has shown that reaction times are fastest when an auditory and a visual stimulus are presented simultaneously and that SOA cau...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
A common limitation in human factors research is that vehicle simulators often lack perceptual fidelity. Video games, on the other hand, are becoming increasingly realistic and may be a promising tool for simulator-based human factors research. In this work, we explored whether an off-the-shelf video game is suitable for research purposes. We used...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
The increase of smartphones over the past decade has contributed to distraction in traffic. However, smartphones could potentially be turned into an advantage by being able to detect whether a motorized vehicle is passing the smartphone user (e.g., a pedestrian or cyclist). Herein, we present a dataset of audio recordings of passing vehicles, made...