Paulo Tarso Sanches Oliveira

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• PhD in Hydraulics and Sanitary Engineering
• Professor at Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul

The Pantanal, the largest worldwide continuous wetland, is considered a global hotspot of ecosystem services. Based on process‐based modeling, we assessed plausible scenarios of land use for the Brazilian Pantanal wetland and its surrounding highlands by the year 2050. The simulations indicate likely trajectories of land‐use change and the correspo...

Researchers have widely applied discharge simulation using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and have gained prominence in water resources. Morphological features, watershed urbanization, and climate change influence hydrological variables. Thus, data‐driven models need to be able to identify the hydrological relationships without explicitly statin...

The curve number (CN) method, developed by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), is one of the mostwidely used approaches worldwide to estimate runoff from rainfall events. However, one of the remaining uncertainties in the method remainswhether to apply a frequency-matched or natural data approach for computing the CN from rainfall-ru...

The Natural Resources Conservation Service Curve Number method (NRCS-CN) is the most widely used approach to estimate runoff from rainfall events. However, some uncertainties in the method remain linked to the value of the standard initial abstraction ratio (λ) and discrepancies between computed and standard tabulated Curve Number (CN) values. Here...

This study proposes the R-Grunsky, a generalized method for streamflow prediction in ungauged catchments. Using data from 716 Brazilian catchments, we generalized the rainfall-streamflow coefficient (α) of the original framework based on mean annual temperature and precipitation. We established a relationship between α and catchments’ attributes, t...

River-aquifer interactions have significant implications for water resources management, as they play pivotal roles in sustaining healthy river ecosystems and driving biogeochemical cycles. In Brazil, despite localized research efforts, a comprehensive understanding of these interactions on a national scale remains elusive, mainly due to the scarci...

River-aquifer interactions play a crucial role in water availability, influencing environmental flows and impacting climate dynamics. Where groundwater tables lie below river water levels, stream water can infiltrate into the underlying aquifer, reducing streamflow. However, the prevalence of these “losing” rivers remains poorly understood due to l...

Heatwaves pose significant threats to socioeconomic and environmental systems, with their intensity and frequency expected to increase due to climate change. Despite their critical impacts, future heatwaves in Brazil remain underexplored, especially from a human-perceived perspective, which is crucial for assessing potential public health impacts....

Soil moisture is a crucial variable mediating soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere water exchange. As climate and land use change, the increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events and disturbances will likely alter feedbacks between ecosystem functions and soil moisture. In this study, we evaluated how extreme drought (2015/2016) and postfire...

Changes in land cover and land use (LULC) are one of the main drivers of erosion and runoff. How ever, most research has relied on short-term observations and only focused on one or two land cover types. We investigated the long-term trade-off between common agricultural land covers (sugarcane, pasture, and soybean), runoff, and soil loss rates. We...

Despite hosting ∼16% of the global freshwater and almost 50% of water resources in South America, Brazilian catchment‐scale relationships between drivers and streamflow are still poorly understood. Here, we used streamflow signatures and attributes of 735 catchments from the Catchment Attributes for Brazil data set to investigate the dominant hydro...

The Curve Number (CN) method is widely used for predicting surface runoff during storm events. However, there are still uncertainties in the method, particularly regarding of an initial abstraction (λ) standard value of 0.2 and on the selection of the most suitable CN values. This paper computes the CN values for 57 Brazilian watersheds with areas...

Brazil hosts approximately 16% of the global freshwater and almost 50% of water resources in South America. However, the catchment-scale relationships between drivers and streamflow are still poorly understood. In this paper, the dominant hydrological processes for the Brazilian catchments were investigated. Additionally, were explored how these ca...

Due to the anthropogenic pressures of expansion areas for livestock and agricultural production in the Brazilian Cerrado, it is of paramount importance to understand the dynamics of land use/land cover (LULC) changes in this region. Thus, we investigated LULC changes in two sub-basins of the Tocantins-Araguaia River basin from 1997 to 2015 and cons...

Flow simulation using artificial neural networks (ANNs) in the modelling has been widely applied and has gained prominence in regions lacking data. The hydrological variables are subject to the influence of morphological characteristics and urbanization in the watershed. Statistical models, such as ANNs, need to be able to identify the relationship...

In recent years, the scientific community has directed significant attention towards understanding river-aquifer interactions due to their pivotal role in hydrological and biogeochemical processes with implications for solving diverse engineering challenges. Despite the growing focus on these interactions, most studies remain confined to local scal...

The Natural Resources Conservation Service Curve Number method (NRCS-CN) is the most widely used approach to estimate runoff from rainfall events. However, the main uncertainties in the method remain in the use of an initial abstraction ratio (λ) standard value of 0.2 and discrepancies between computed and standard tabulated Curve Number (CN) value...

The potential impacts of climate change in catchment hydrology are still unknown in most of the world and it is not different in Brazil. Conducting an integrated analysis of catchments based on similarity groups allows us to extract conclusions and observations about the overall controls of hydrological behavior, but also considering the specific a...

Simulating future land use changes can be an important tool to support decision-making, especially in areas that are experiencing rapid anthropogenic pressure, such as the Cerrado-Brazilian savanna. Here we used a spatially-explicit model to identify the main drivers of native vegetation loss in the Cerrado and then extrapolate this loss for 2050 a...

In recent years, there has been growing interest in understanding the interactions between surface and groundwater in Brazil, particularly in the context of water resources management. Despite numerous local studies, a comprehensive national analysis has not yet been fully explored due to challenges in accessing groundwater data and limited informa...

The study of river-aquifer interactions has garnered increasing interest worldwide due to its crucial role in ecosystem services and water security. In Brazil, despite localized research efforts, a comprehensive understanding of these interactions on a national scale remains elusive, largely due to the scarcity of groundwater data. To address this...

Hydrological modeling plays a primary role in understanding and predicting hydrological processes, enabling efficient water resource management. Although conventional methods such as statistical approaches and physical-mathematical models have been widely used, they often face challenges in dealing with the complexity and nonlinearity of hydrologic...

Low-impact development practices (LIDs) have been used to reduce the impacts of flash floods in Brazil. However, there is a lack of investigations on their construction costs concerning the effects on the mitigation of flash floods. This paper addresses the construction costs and the runoff reduction by using seven scenarios of LIDs for a 32 km2 ba...

Rainfall simulators are important pieces of equipment to investigate hydrological processes and soil erosion. Here, we investigated the operational characteristics, the rainfall characteristics, and the soil erosion process under collecting plots and rainfall patterns using the InfiAsper simulator. We evaluated the standard plot of the simulator in...

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in characterizing the interactions between surface and groundwater, particularly due to their crucial role in managing river systems and assessing contamination risks. However, in Brazil, despite various local studies, a comprehensive analysis of these interactions has not been thoroughly explored...

Here, we present and release the Global Rainfall Erosivity Database (GloREDa), a multi-source platform containing rainfall erosivity values for almost 4000 stations globally. The database was compiled through a global collaboration between a network of researchers, meteorological services and environmental organisations from 65 countries. GloREDa i...

Water scarcity is a growing concern globally, with climate change and increasing population exacerbating the issue. Here, we introduce a new framework for assessing water availability in 708 Brazilian catchments that considers the effect of CO2 concentrations on potential evapotranspiration, uses CMIP6 bias-corrected climate change simulations, and...

Floods are one of the deadliest natural hazards and are exacerbated by urbanization. Urban development decreases infiltration by reducing pervious areas and increases the accumulation of pollutants during dry weather. During wet weather events, there is an increase in the levels of pollution concentrations and stormwater runoff that eventually reac...

Soil erosion studies using rainfall simulators are generally expensive and time consuming. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a prototype of an automatic runoff collector, capable of real-time quantifying runoff volume and soil loss in field trials using a rainfall simulator. The used sensors were chosen based on the type A uncertainty comp...

Establish a reliable rainfall-runoff relation capable of predicting runoff in ungauged basins is a matter of interest across the world for a long time and has been taking importance during the past decades. Regionalization approaches, hydrological models and machine learning techniques have been used to estimate runoff. However, returning some simp...

The stage-discharge relationship is affected by hysteresis, especially in 1D river cross-sections with very mild slopes, and/or where backwater effects occur. To model these cases, hydraulic property (HP) estimations (e.g., hydraulic radius and conveyance) are usually required as closed-form functions of stage. However, these are typically unavaila...

Floods are one of the deadliest natural hazards and are fueled by excessive urbanization. Urban development decreases infiltration by reducing pervious areas and increases the accumulation of pollutants during dry weather. During wet weather events, there is an increase in the levels of pollution concentrations and stormwater runoff that eventually...

The silting process of urban reservoirs has been occurring in many regions across the world. However, identifying the main sources of sediment and controlling the silting process in urban reservoirs are still unsolved problems in many regions, mainly in developing countries such as Brazil. In this study, we identify which land use most influences t...

Information about extreme rainfall is lacking in regions of South America and Africa. This study attempts to fill this scientific gap by use of a gridded parameterization for the stochastic weather generator, CLIGEN, to map depth-duration-frequency (DDF) relationships. Analysis of 500-year point-scale precipitation time series generated at each gri...

Based on “user pays” and “provider gets” principles, the Payment for Environmental Services (PES) consists of providing economic incentives or compensation for land users who adopt activities that promote ecosystem services. These PES initiatives have grown rapidly in Brazil over the last few decades, however, studies that address the panorama of t...

The stage-discharge relationship is affected by hysteresis, especially in 1D river cross-sections with very mild slopes, and/or where backwater effects occur. To model these cases, hydraulic property (HP) estimations (e.g., hydraulic radius and conveyance) are usually required as closed-form functions of stage. However, these are typically unavaila...

In the last 50 years, Brazil changed its position of food importer to become one of the main global players in food, fiber, and renewable energy productions. This shift was only possible because of the country’s favorable climate condition, soil types, relief, and environmental diversity, together with agricultural technological advances such as th...

In flood area mapping studies, hydrological-hydraulic modeling has been successfully applied around the world. However, the object of study of most of the research developed in Brazil is medium to large channels that use topographical and hydrometeorological data of coarse spatial and temporal resolution. Thus, the aim of this study is to investiga...

Com o objetivo de fornecer uma visão sintética dos avanços das pesquisas em cenários futuros para a BAP, apresentamos neste capítulo alguns resultados recentes. Para tanto, selecionamos alguns estudos para exemplificar cenários futuros para a região, relacionados principalmente às mudanças climáticas e ao uso do solo. Assim, podemos avaliar quanto...

Curve Number (CN) values estimating from rainfall-runoff data is an attractive topic in hydrology. However, CN values are lacking for Interlocking Concrete Pavement (ICP) material, mainly when seated over bare soil (not over a permeable pavement structure). Here, we compute CN values for the ICP seated over clayey soil using measured rainfall and i...

CLIGEN is a stochastic weather generator that creates statistically representative timeseries of daily and sub-daily point-scale weather variables from observed monthly statistics and other parameters. CLIGEN precipitation timeseries are used as climate input for various risk-assessment modelling applications as an alternative to observe long-term,...

Understanding how streamflow and its components, baseflow and quickflow, vary spatially according to climate and landscape characteristics is fundamental for dealing with different water-related issues. Analytical formulations have been proposed to investigate their long-term behavior and additional influencing factors, suggesting that they are mai...

Using tools to quantify global forest and agricultural area covers and also the food that we produce each year, creates the possibility to develop analysis standards that combine these two different kinds of data temporally and continuously. Intending to bring to light synergies and trade-offs between food production and forest cover area conservat...

Soil water infiltration rates are essential for hydrological studies, planning and design of irrigation and drainage systems, among other applications. Various studies have been carried out in plots with and without vegetation cover, aiming to identify the influence of the cover on the water infiltration process in soil. However, a few works have a...

A better understanding of climate change impacts on water security beyond climate variability is of critical importance to tackle water vulnerabilities exacerbated by increasing extreme weather events. Thus, studies on water security in a changing climate help decision-makers to overcome existing political and socioeconomic challenges worldwide. In...

Understanding how streamflow and its components, baseflow and quickflow, vary spatially according to climate and landscape characteristics is fundamental for dealing with different water-related issues. Analytical formulations have been proposed to investigate their long-term behavior and additional influencing factors, suggesting that they are mai...

We developed a Decision Support System (DSS) coupled with a flood alert web application and evaluated in the Prosa Basin (Midwestern Brazil) to send early flood warning messages to ordinary people. The Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) and River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) were used as the core of flood alert system...

Similar to most countries, the Brazilian water resources management considers topographically delineated catchment as a territorial unit for policy implementation. Yet, previous studies have shown that catchments are not hydrologically isolated, and topographic limits often neglect the groundwater boundaries. Thus, studies on effective catchment ar...

This paper presents a novel approach combining the Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC) superpixel algorithm with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) over high-resolution imagery to detect trees in a typical urban environment of the Brazilian Cerrado biome. Our analysis approach for better results uses the deep learning classifier ResNet-50,...

In this research we used walking interviews to investigate the measures used by shopkeepers as protection against floods. The concept of anticipated memory has been used to identify the relationship between their learning from previous events and the adaptive measures they have taken to reduce risk of future flooding in Gregório Creek basin. The ar...

A disponibilidade de água é um fator importante que dita a capacidade da humanidade de atender às necessidades de alimentos de uma população que está em constante crescimento. O nexo entre alimentos e água torna-se ainda mais complexo com a globalização da agricultura e o rápido crescimento do comércio de alimentos, e atualmente somente cinco paíse...

In recent years, the Cerrado biome in Brazil (Brazilian savannah) has faced serious environmental problems due to abrupt changes in land use/cover (LUC), causing increased soil loss, sediment yield and water turbidity. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the impacts of soil loss and sediment delivery ratio (SDR) over the last 30 years to simulate fu...

Many remote sensing-based evapotranspiration (RSBET) algorithms have been proposed in the past decades and evaluated using flux tower data, mainly over North America and Europe. Model evaluation across South America has been done locally or using only a single algorithm at a time. Here, we provide the first evaluation of multiple RSBET models, at a...

Agricultural management significantly influences soil physical properties and soil erosion. However, there are few studies investigating the long-term effects of agricultural management on soil erosion and physical properties. Here, we assessed the impacts of 20-year agricultural land uses under different management practices on soil physical prope...

Floods are among the most dangerous and destructive hazards in the world. Stormwater Beneficial Management Practices (BMPs) are a set of strategies that can assist in reducing urban floods and their damages by capturing surface runoff and promoting infiltration. Engagement of citizens in the selection of stormwater BMPs may facilitate the decision-...

This paper shows how low-impact development (LID) practices affect the resilience of stormwater drainage system under climate change scenarios. A rainfall-runoff model was calibrated and evaluated a in a tropical watershed located in Midwestern Brazil. An ensemble of 17 general circulation model outputs forced by Representative Concentration Pathwa...

The Cerrado biome covers approximately 20% of Brazil and it is crucial for the Water, Food, Energy, and Ecosystems (WFEE) nexus. Thus, in recent years, large areas of the undisturbed Cerrado have been converted into farmland. In this biome, according to the Brazilian Forest Code, farmers need to keep 20% of native vegetation (Legal Reserves – LRs)....

The effects of riparian restoration and soil and water conservation practices on catchment hy-drology are still unclear. Here, we assess whether a positive change in soil and water conservation practices and riparian reforestation will affect the water availability and boost resilience in a Brazilian Cerrado basin under climate change scenarios. Th...

Satellite rainfall products are one of the most valuable tools for water resources monitoring in data-scarce regions, due to their low latency and quasi-global range. However, there are still uncertainties associated with rainfall products performance used to estimate hydrologic signatures in several regions, such as Brazil. Here, we investigate th...

Urban forests are an important part of any city, given that they provide several environmental benefits, such as improving urban drainage, climate regulation, public health, biodiversity, and others. However, tree detection in cities is challenging, given the irregular shape, size, occlusion, and complexity of urban areas. With the advance of envir...

The curve number (CN) method is the most widely used method to estimate the depth of runoff resulting from a given depth of rainfall. However, there are still doubts about the effect of rainfall characteristics and soil moisture conditions on the method's parameters (CN, and the standard initial abstraction ratio, λ). In this study, design rainfall...

This paper presents a new computational tool called NH SEDIMENT AND STATISTIC which performs hydrosedimentological and statistical calculations using Visual Basic. This computational tool was developed for studies related to calculations of sediment transport in rivers. The tool includes hydrosedimentological methods for calculating suspension load...

Object detection and image segmentation are essential for environmental monitoring. This task can be performed and automated using machines with the processing capabilities of convolutional neural networks (CNN), achieving outstanding performance thanks to the current computing capacity and data available. Still, there are advances to perceive and...

Esta obra é o resultado de quase quatro anos de pesquisa, investigação e modelagem, com a finalidade de desenvolver um modelo hidráulico da Bacia do Córrego Prosa, dentro do projeto SAPI (Sistema de Alerta e Previsão de Inundações, Processo n. 422947/2018-0), apoiado pela CNPq e desenvolvido pelo grupo de pesquisa Hydrology and Water Security – HWS...

Similar to most countries, the Brazilian water resources management considers topographically delineated catchment as a territorial unit for policy implementation. Yet, previous studies have shown that catchments are not hydrologically isolated, and topographic limits often neglect the groundwater boundaries. Thus, studies on effective catchment ar...

In this paper, we present the Catchments Attributes for Brazil (CABra), which is a large-sample dataset for Brazilian catchments that includes long-term data (30 years) for 735 catchments in eight main catchment attribute classes (climate, streamflow, groundwater, geology, soil, topography, land cover, and hydrologic disturbance). We have collected...

Many satellite-based actual evapotranspiration (ET) algorithms have been proposed in the past decades and evaluated using flux tower data, mainly over North America and Europe. Model evaluation across South America has been done locally or using only a single algorithm at a time. Here, we provide the first evaluation of multiple remote sensing ET m...

To gain a better understanding of the global application of soil erosion prediction models, we comprehensively reviewed relevant peer-reviewed research literature on soil-erosion modelling published between 1994 and 2017. We aimed to identify (i) the processes and models most frequently addressed in the literature, (ii) the regions within which mod...

To gain a better understanding of the global application of soil erosion prediction models, we comprehensively reviewed relevant peer-reviewed research literature on soil-erosion modelling published between 1994 and2017. We aimed to identify (i) the processes and models most frequently addressed in the literature, (ii) the regions within which mode...

Large-scale soil erosion modeling has a crucial role in the understanding and planning of soil and water conservation strategies. The lack of spatial data on soil characteristics required to compute the soil erodibility (K-factor) has been one of the greatest obstacles in Brazil. The K-factor is a complex property that expresses the susceptibility...

Soil erosion can present a major threat to agriculture due to loss of soil, nutrients, and organic carbon. Therefore, soil erosion modelling is one of the steps used to plan suitable soil protection measures and detect erosion hotspots. A bibliometric analysis of this topic can reveal research patterns and soil erosion modelling characteristics tha...

Water scarcity is a key challenge to global development. In Brazil, the Sao Francisco River Basin (SFB) has experienced water scarcity problems because of decreasing streamflow and increasing demands from multiple sectors. However, the drivers of decreased streamflow, particularly the potential role of the surface-groundwater interaction, have not...

We present a new approach for calculating the C-factor of RUSLE considering the effect of low-reflectance vegetation cover areas on the reduction of the effects on erosion caused by rainfall seasonality. For this, we propose the coefficients Cr2 (rescaled 2) and C-PC (Precipitation Correction), which represent the C-factor, and an adaptation in NDV...

In this paper we synthesize the special sessions of the XXIII Brazilian Water Resources Symposium 2019 in order to understand the major advances and challenges in the water sciences in Brazil. We analyzed more than 250 papers and presentations of 16 special sessions covering topics of Climate Variability and Change, Disasters, Modeling, Large Scale...

In this chapter, we review the groundwater recharge studies developed in Brazil, discussing recharge values, methods, uncertainties, and sustainability of the groundwater use. Recharge rates are important to estimate sustainable groundwater abstraction and, consequently, to avoid groundwater depletion. We found few studies in Brazil on groundwater...

Climate change effects can have significant impacts worldwide. Extreme events can modify water availability and agricultural production, making climate change planning an essential task. The National Institute for Space Research (INPE in Portuguese) in Brazil has made a large dataset of regional climate model outputs (simulations and projections) a...

In this paper, we present the Catchments Attributes for Brazil (CABra), which is a large-sample dataset for Brazilian catchments that includes long-term data (30 years) for 735 catchments in eight main catchment attribute classes (climate, streamflow, groundwater, geology, soil, topography, land-cover, and hydrologic disturbance). We have collected...

Water scarcity is a key challenge to global development. In Brazil, the Sao Francisco River Basin (SFB) has experienced water scarcity problems because of decreasing streamflow and increasing demands from multiple sectors. However, the drivers of decreased streamflow, particularly the potential role of surface-groundwater interaction, have not been...

Ever-increasing water-food-energy demand has led to the depletion of soil resources by mainly inadequate grazing practices. Nevertheless, the effects of different grazing practices on hydrological and soil erosion processes have not yet been well-understood. Therefore, we investigated the influence of different Nitrogen application doses and stocki...