Paulo M. De Oliveira-De Jesus

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• Ph.D.
• Professor (Associate) at Los Andes University (Colombia)

Since 1988, several papers have been written on the topic of optimal coordination of directional overcurrent protections (DOCP). Nevertheless, a fundamental deficiency can be highlighted in the vast majority of these contributions, and in particular, in the optimization formulations used to solve the problem: the constraints associated with the sel...

Regulatory boards are promoting closed distribution systems (CDSs), which are different from traditional public-access networks, that can be owned and managed by energy communities (ECs). The inclusion of local renewable energy potential and an adequate schedule of storage devices in a CDS allow cooperation among the EC’s members in order to reduce...

This article shows the formal formulation of the coordination of protections as the multi-objective problem of simultaneous maximization of desired features of the protective system, which is a key a contribution of this article. From this perspective, the Pareto frontiers to correlate speed and selectivity in the Optimal Coordination of Directiona...

This short paper describes a novel graphical tool that was developed to check the coordination details of directional overcurrent protections (67) as a function of the fault location. The tool considers transient configurations due to sequential trips at both line-ends, and shows three important issues of coordination for each fault location: a) se...

Many algorithms for the coordination of directional overcurrent protections (DOCP) have been proposed in literature claiming that optimal solutions are reached, even though there are different reported solutions for the same problem. A new method to evaluate the quality of solutions for the coordination of DOCP is proposed. Three indexes are define...

This paper presents the application of the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index Decomposition Analysis (LMDI) to the aggregate carbon intensity (ACI) of the power sector in Colombia in the period 1990–2020, with the aim of identifying the main drivers influencing the ACI change. The analysis performed identifies the main drivers among: carbon intensity,...

This paper presents a method based on an optimal power flow (OPF) procedure to determine the maximum Hosting Capacity (HC) of Electric Vehicles (EV) that can be supported by a distribution network. With a focus on the injection control of reactive power, it is possible to maximize the penetration of EV. The presented method is based on linearized p...

In this paper, the optimization of transmission insulation and grounding is performed considering two backflashover rate (BFR) evaluation procedures widely applied in the industry. The optimization approach is based on the Lagrange formulation introduced by Hileman in late sixties. This method used the old AIEE procedure to evaluate the BFR of tran...

This paper describes a simplified formulation of the Backward/Forward (BW/FW) Sweep Power Flow applied to radial distribution systems with distributed generation under positive sequence modelling. Proposed formulation was applied in an illustrative test system.

Next‐generation distribution systems will be characterized by higher unbalanced currents due to increased asymmetrical currents produced by fast charging of electric vehicles and high short‐circuit currents under meshed operation. The unbalanced currents flowing through earthing impedances produce neutral‐earth voltages (NEVs) that may compromise t...

The International Energy Agency (IEA) has proposed an ambitious carbon dioxide emission mitigation scenario with specific recommendations for Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) countries. However, this mitigation scenario entails significant limitations. The expected electricity production for the region is quite low compared to global average...

This paper analyzes the drivers behind the changes of the Aggregate Carbon Intensity (ACI) of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) power sector in five periods between 1990 and 2017. Since 1990 the carbon intensity of the world has been reduced almost 8.8% whereas the carbon intensity of LAC countries only decreased 0.8%. Even though by 2017 the r...

This paper presents an economic model that aims to evaluate -from the regulatory perspective- the behavior of an aggregator capable of exploiting business opportunities of electric vehicles (EV) in the context of a wholesale electricity market. As a key contribution, we investigate the market equilibrium point when only one firm acts as an EV aggre...

This paper investigates the relationship between the cost associated to lightning protection systems (LPS) and the back-flashover rate (BFR) in high voltage transmission lines. The fundamental research question raised is how to determine the incremental cost of the mitigation measures associated to a prescribed back flashover rate. The interaction...

This paper presents a fuzzy-multiple objective optimization methodology to plan stand-alone electricity generation systems. The optimization process considers three main objectives, namely technology cost, environmental and societal impacts. For each feasible solution of the Pareto set, a system reliability index is evaluated along the lifetime of...

This paper analyzes the well‐known short‐circuit current distribution problem in electric distribution facilities from a new perspective. Fault current distribution, temporary overvoltages, and ground potential rise profile are determined according to a detailed network model based on 5×5 primitive matrices. Despite the use of a 5×5 network model e...

Logarithmic mean Divisia for index decomposition analysis (IDA-LMDI) has been applied to evaluate the aggregate carbon emission intensity of electricity (ACI) evolution considering explaining factors as fuel mix, thermal efficiency, fossil share and geographical effects. However, the capacity factor of the generation system has not been duly consid...

The improvement of reliability indexes as the energy not supplied is a major issue in electricity markets. This paper proposes a new multiple-objective optimization formulation to solve the problem of outage rate reduction of electric transmission lines due to back-flashover phenomena from technical and economical viewpoint. The method allows us to...

Abstract—This paper presents a cost-effective optimization model for transmission line lightning performance design. The objective is to determine the appropriate insula- tion level and a particular grounding scheme of each support for a given line outage rate requirement due to the backflashover phenomena at a minimum overall cost. To ensure a min...

One of the most important aspects that characterizes smart grids is the widespread integration of loads and renewable-based generators connected to the distribution network. In general, sequence or phase based network models have included the effect of ground return on equivalent phase and neutral impedances using the Kron's reduction and Carson eq...

The widespread application of smart metering will lead to a huge increase of amounts of data into electricity utilities. As the Automatic Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is being deployed in countries such as Colombia, problems with data acquisition have arisen, including data loss, and data transmission and storage errors. In these cases, descriptiv...

This paper presents a three-phase loss allocation procedure for distribution networks. The key contribution of the paper is the computation of specific marginal loss coefficients (MLCs) per bus and per phase expressly considering non-linear load models for Electric Vehicles (EV). The method was applied in a unbalanced 12.47 kV feeder with 12,780 ho...

Many countries are establishing regulatory guidelines to promote the integration of smart grid technologies with the aim of improving the efficiency of the power system. This paper analyzes how the investment costs of the different smart grid applications installed by network operators can be recovered in the short-term when a locational marginal p...

Propósito: Analizar el rol histórico y futuro de la generación eléctrica de bajo carbono y la modernización de las redes de transmisión y distribución en la transformación de la matriz energética eléctrica de América Latina y el Caribe. Hipótesis de investigación: ¿Es posible establecer una estrategia de inversión en redes inteligentes y tecnología...

In this paper a two level hierarchical methodology is presented for the integral design of hybrid power generation systems based on alternative renewable energy (ARE) systems using the net energy concept and considering technical, economical, societal as well as environmental aspects. Results are presented for the design of a small-scale hybrid ren...

In this paper a two level hierarchical methodology is presented for the integral design of hybrid power generation systems based on alternative renewable energy (ARE) systems using the net energy concept and considering technical, economical, societal as well as environmental aspects. Results are presented for the design of a small-scale hybrid ren...

In this chapter, a generalized model to solve multigrounded distribution networks under DIgSILENT platform taking into account current flows and voltages across neutral and ground paths is presented. The fundamental idea developed in this work is solving the 5-wire power flow problem using a unique matrix called TRX that includes all feeder charact...

The induction generator (IG) is widely used in many applications due to its simplicity and ease of operation. Typical applications involve the following: split-shaft micro-turbines (SSMT), mini-hydro (MH), and fixed-speed wind turbines (FSWT). The accurate knowledge of the machine parameters is especially important in order to establish the perform...

This paper presents a novel formulation of the Distribution System State Estimation (DSSE) optimization model. For a given electric three-phase circuit feeder, network models are built using a quasi-symmetric impedance matrix TRX representing the entire structure and topology of the radial network. As a key contribution, the state variables of dema...

This paper presents a methodology for mid-term load forecasting using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The inputs to ANN are real time data available from Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition and Distribution Management Systems (SCADA/DMS) databases. Due to a number of reasons, historical data stored in SCADA/DMS databases is affected by disto...

This paper presents a new load flow formulation to solve active and passive electric distribution networks. The fundamental idea discussed here is how to obtain the power flow solution by using the elements of a unique quasi-symmetric matrix called TRX in the iterative process. The method is formulated for single-phase balanced and three-phase unba...

This paper presents a new formulation for system state estimation of passive electric distribution networks. The fundamental idea discussed here is how to obtain the state of the system at maximum demand condition using three sources of information: 1) a quasi-symmetric matrix called TRX representing network structure and topology, 2) power measure...

This paper presents the of state of art about methodologies for Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) process applied to long-term planning of the electricity transmission, particularly in regard to the existence of gains for the sustainability of the developed proposals. It also shows the origin, concepts and development of SEA, its application...

La crisis actual del sector eléctrico venezolano es estructural. Durante varios años los especialistas alertaron a las autoridades sobre la necesidad de realizar las inversiones in- dispensables para el crecimiento del sector eléctrico, conocido y planificado por entes públicos y privados de gran prestigio y competencia. Cuando la desinversión se u...

This paper presents an application of Ant Colony System Algorithm (ACS) to solve electrical distribution planning problems. This model constitutes an improved version of the ant system algorithm, permitting to generate food routes from their nest, and where a set of artificial ants are cooperating in order to find a good route through the data exch...

During the past thirty years, the evaluation of incremental losses in transmission systems has been widespread around the world encompassing a fundamental task in order to solve the well-known economic dispatch problem. Nowadays, incremental losses or computation of penalty factors has gained a new relevance allocating transmission losses among mar...

This paper addresses an optimal strategy for the daily energy exchange of a 22-MW combined-cycle cogeneration plant of an industrial factory operating in a liberalized electricity market. The optimization problem is formulated as a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming Problem (MILP) that maximizes the profit from energy exchange of the cogeneration, an...

This paper proposes a computationally efficient methodology for the optimal location and sizing of static and switched shunt capacitors in radial distribution systems. The problem is formulated as the maximization of the savings produced by the reduction in energy losses and the avoided costs due to investment deferral in the expansion of the netwo...

The reactive power capability of wind generation (WG) producers can be used to provide volt/voltampere reactive (var) support in electrical distribution systems. In practice, the distribution network operator (DNO) is not able to dispatch reactive power of all generators, and such units are referred to as nondispatchable generators. Then, the react...

This paper discusses an integrated framework for cost allocation of energy losses of electric distribution systems under liberalised energy markets. As key contribution is developed an allocation strategy based upon Locational and Uniform Incremental Prices. The locational incremental prices send efficient economical signals to distributed generato...

Different ex post methodologies have been proposed to allocate network losses. Under day-ahead pool-based electricity markets, the implementation of these procedures implies an access-pricing framework based on half-hour or hourly locational prices. Since every allocation procedure modifies the locational prices in a different way, the initial mark...

Unbalanced feeders produce problems and risky situations since they can trip protection devices, reduce the efficiency and damage some appliances. Therefore achieve the balance of the networks will mean an improvement of the electric service and reduction expenses. The proposed program is a tool for balancing the electric networks; swapping loads a...

Data envelopment analysis is an optimization technique based on benchmarking, developed to measure the relative behavior of different utilities, in which the presence of multiple input and output variables, like the size of the utility and its geographical location among others external factors, make difficult the comparison of its performance. The...

In this paper, the remuneration of fixed costs of distribution networks with distributed generation is evaluated by means of an efficient planning strategy that includes the concept of fuzzy robustness of a given solution plan. As a key contribution, it is included the possibility of choice among different conductor sizes. In order to assess the fi...

This paper proposes a methodology for the optimal management of the reactive power of non-dispatchable distributed generators. The optimization problem is stated from the generation utility viewpoint, aiming to improve the revenue in the active power sale and considering a power loss allocation policy based on incremental approach. The proposed met...

This paper presents a general framework to remunerate the benefits and costs introduced by distributed generation (DG) by means of generation use of the system (GUoS) tariffs in order to send locational-based and time-based price signals to the market agents. The proposal has two scopes: in the short term, the economical impact of DG on the power l...

A new method for distribution access via uniform pricing for the remuneration of distribution networks is presented. The proposed approach merges in a unified framework the investments, the optimal network operation requirements, the effect of the price elasticity of demand, and the application of hourly pricing for demand side management purposes....

New market mechanisms to remunerate distributed generation should take into account a non-discriminatory access to distribution networks. In consequence, power losses must be fairly allocated among the all distributed generators and consumers. Several methods for power loss cost allocation have been proposed in the literature, divided basically int...

Under real-time or day-ahead pool-based electricity markets, the implementation of the distribution loss allocation procedures implies an access-pricing framework based on half- hour or hour locational prices. For each consumer and distributed generator it is required to apply an additional charge in the energy price in order to cover the cost of a...

The implementation of market mechanisms to re-munerate distributed generation should take into account a non-discriminatory access to distribution networks. In consequence, power losses of distribution network must be fairly allocated among the all distributed generators and consumers. Several methods for power loss cost allocation have been propos...

This paper proposes a novel access pricing framework to remunerate investment costs of distribution networks based on Long Term Prices (LTP) taking into account the avoided costs produced by the distributed generation (DG). The proposed methodology uses a fuzzy multicriteria distribution planning algorithm based on simulated annealing metaheuristic...

In the scope of the implementation of market mechanisms to remunerate marginal costs of generation producers and network services, this work discusses a new approach to obtain short-term marginal prices (STMP), taking into account the effect of load uncertainties and elastic response of aggregate demand in each node of the system. The optimization...

The planning problem of electrical power distribution networks, stated as a mixed nonlinear integer optimization problem, is solved using the ant colony system algorithm (ACS). The behavior of real ants has inspired the development of the ACS algorithm, an improved version of the ant system (AS) algorithm, which reproduces the technique used by ant...

In this work a new optimization methodology for system design grounding of transmission lines is presented. The model takes into account technical and economic considerations. Design model is posed as a linear programming problem integer in which the electrodes are selected required for each section of the line, with the objective of minimizing th...

Resumen. En este trabajo, se presenta una metodología basada en la Teoría de Juegos para la asignación de los costos complementarios de la red de transmisión tomando en cuenta la cooperación y la competencia de los distintos productores. Como aporte original, se determina el grado de participación en los costos complementarios en función del compor...

1. Abstract Abstract: This paper addresses an optimal strategy for the dispatch of Combined Heat Power (CHP) units operating in a full liberalized electricity market based upon day- ahead energy prices without regulated Time of Use (ToU) rates. A generalized optimization model is stated as a Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming Problem (MINLP) in o...

Tese de doutoramento. Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2007