Paul Tudorache

• Land Forces Academy

As operational environments continue to evolve, military leaders face a broad spectrum of challenges, from rapidly changing technologies, geopolitical shifts, to increased threat diversity and the need to keep troop morale high in often difficult conditions. The aim of this study is to identify the main operational challenges and analyze their comp...

The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic and detailed analysis of the key components that characterise the military operational environments and that should be considered to improve the effectiveness of the operations process. Also, it focuses on understanding how these salient characteristics might influence capabilities and tactics wi...

The rapid evolution of e-learning platforms, propelled by advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), presents a transformative potential in education. This dynamic landscape necessitates an exploration of AI/ML integration in adaptive learning systems to enhance educational outcomes. This study aims to map the current u...

This study aims to present an innovative conceptual model of learning, teaching, and training that appears to be applicable to the field of hybrid warfare. It is based on integrating three critical elements such as reference curriculum, teaching methodology, and online support capabilities. By using qualitative research through correlating critical...

Proxy wars are a form of confrontation whose origins are lost in the mists of history. In the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, this type of war experienced a sharp development due to the changes that took place on the international scene. Due to the fact that the great powers avoided direct confrontation during the Cold War, f...

The war in Ukraine, a NATO-Russian proxy war, continues to influence the global security architecture, but the immediate consequences are felt especially by those in the conflict area. The local population decided, through the actions carried out from the very first moment of the invasion, to oppose the Russian occupation and was categorized as an...

The manifestation of hybrid actions is not new, but their frequency has increased significantly lately. Nowadays, hybrid warfare is present anytime and everywhere in different forms, and with various degrees of amplitude. Given the fact that hybrid warfare is extremely difficult to decipher, starting with a literature review in the field, the artic...

Current and future military confrontations require adaptive forces, moving rapidly from specific, lethal and high-intensity combat operations to stabilization and reconstruction operations or, conversely, from stability operations to kinetic ones. In fact, many times, military actions will take place simultaneously, at several levels of intensity a...

As other society domains, the military one must be able to keep up with the dynamics of permanent changes and this necessity, shaping the capacity of adaptability, represents the most important criterion used to measure the military operational performance. In this regard, the present study aims to analyse one of the 4th Industrial Revolution’s con...

Given the future military confrontations characterized by an increased degree of complexity, multidimensionality and ambiguity, the article aims to raise awareness of the need, and also to develop effective mechanisms for a comprehensive and integrated approach to capabilities and effects of the actions of all power instruments, military and civili...

The manifestation of different dissensions regarding the use of planning methodologies in the operations process has become a reality, both at national level and within NATO. Therefore, this research paper contributes to the theoretical clarification on defining the specific methodologies, respectively their employment in relation to the level of L...

The accentuated dynamics of the operational environments, with direct impact on the areas of responsibilities (AOR) and areas of operations (AO), determines the need for the Land Forces to adapt operationally, having profound implications on their task organizations’ adjustment. For these reasons, the paper sets out the principles for reconfiguring...

Visualizing the various operational contexts of recent Land Forces’ employment, there were many situations where the nominated structures also faced unconventional adversaries, even though, initially, the nature of operation had been identified as having a conventional pattern. This particularity is perpetuated more and more aggressively, determini...

Vizualizând diferitele contexte operaționale ale angajării recente a Forțelor Terestre, nu puține au fost situațiile în care structurile nominalizate s-au confruntat și cu adversari neconvenționali, cu toate că, inițial, natura operației fusese definită ca având o nuanță convențională. Această particularitate se perpetuează tot mai agresiv, determi...

Similar to other fields, also in the military one, the Artificial Intelligence has become recently an evident solution for optimizing specific processes and activities. Therefore, this research paper aims to highlight the potential uses of Artificial Intelligence in the military operations carried out by the Land Forces. In this regard, analysing t...

From analysis of various doctrines belonging to NATO’s armies, some inconsistencies can be identified regarding the use of operational procedures, one of which concerning on mobile defense. Taking into consideration the importance of this defensive task at the level of Land Forces, the study aims to clarify the principles of its use by organic tact...

At present, the current strategies used to address security issues are increasingly changing, this constant being founded mainly on the volatility of behaviors of different target audiences. In the same direction, the various military services, including Land Forces, supporting national and allied strategies, are looking for solutions that can cont...

The present article highlights the need to understand the physiognomy of hybrid conflicts, the action methodology of the actors in these conflicts, and aims to identify the correlation between the characteristics of the hybrid operational environment and the typology of participating actors in order to model future military actions. The ever-changi...

Using the lessons learned from recent military operations such as Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) from Syria and Iraq, we proposed to investigate the need for tactical military units to adapt operationally to grapple with the most common requirements specific to current operational environments, but also for those that can be foreseen in the futur...

The present study is aligned with the concerns of different armies to identify solutions regarding the operational adaptation of military structures to the demands of current and future operational environments. The volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) character of the various operational environments determines the military structures...

The study of the cultural factor’s influence on military actions is not a recent issue, the main concerns being aimed at identifying some solutions for the improvement of the cooperation between different national contingents during stability and support operations. Instead, the use of culture as a weapon in the sense of military capability used to...

Analyzing the recent confrontations, as those from Syria, Ukraine, Iraq, and so on, we have found that most of the military operations, at least the decisive ones, have taken place predominantly in urban environments whose fundamental characteristics are given, especially by the density of buildings and population. Carrying out operations in such e...

Nowadays, the military forces’ operational environment is shaped by dynamic changes that give its most representative characteristics such as volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity (VUCA). Based on this and taking into consideration the tendency of NATO to use more prominently its multinational military structures, we are obligated to ad...

Defining and analyzing the current typology of threats determines the military structures to operationally and, implicitly, organizationally adapt in order to ensure their ability to deter and combat hypothetical opponents in any operational environment. From the point of view of efficiency and effectiveness of action, it is no longer sufficient to...

The dynamics and complexity of the current operational environment requires military forces, in general, and multinational forces, in particular, new adaptation, relational-communication and action capacities to enable them to identify and combat hypothetical adversaries whose elementary features are their ability to use conventional combat actions...

Nowadays, in addition to the already known challenges, the hybrid threats require new responses, which had a timely appearance (adapting the existing military capabilities, the establishment of new military structures, at division and brigade level, their training etc.) and which involve an unconditional cooperation between NATO Member States and b...

Addressing the problem of tactical multinational military structures’ effectiveness is not new, this becoming an important concern of military specialists once with the participation of national contingents to different multinational missions. Today, recent hybrid threats generate the necessity for it to be analyzed and stressed more, because the i...