Paul Aidan Gill

Monash University (Australia) · Department of Immunology

Background Butyrate, propionate and acetate are short chain fatty acids (SCFA), important for maintaining a healthy colon and are considered as protective in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, they may also regulate immune responses and the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Consequently, their importance in a variety of chronic inflammator...

Purpose Increased circulating concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) achieved by ingestion of high-fibre diets is associated with anti-inflammatory effects through promotion of FoxP3+ regulatory T(reg) cells in mouse models. This study aimed to determine whether similar increments in blood SCFA levels can be achieved in humans and whether...

Diet is an important lifestyle factor that is known to contribute in the development of human disease. It is well established that poor diet plays an active role in exacerbating metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Our understanding of how the immune system drives chronic inflammation and disease pathogenesis has evolved...

Booster vaccinations are recommended to improve protection against severe disease from SARS-CoV-2 infection. With primary vaccinations involving various adenoviral vector and mRNA-based formulations, it remains unclear if these differentially affect the immune response to booster doses. We examined the effects of homologous (mRNA/mRNA) and heterolo...

Aims To evaluate a whole‐food diet strategy (the Monash Pouch diet [MPD]) designed based on the interacting roles dietary factors play with pouch health. Specifically, its tolerability and acceptability, whether it achieved its dietary and metabolic goals, and the effects on symptoms and inflammation were examined. Methods In a 6‐week open‐label t...

Background: Booster vaccinations are recommended to improve protection against severe disease from SARS-CoV-2 infection. With primary vaccinations involving various adenoviral vector and mRNA-based formulations, it remains unclear if these differentially affect the immune response to booster doses. We here examined the effects of homologous (mRNA/m...

Exertional-heat stress (EHS) compromises intestinal epithelial integrity, potentially leading to the translocation of pathogenic agents into circulation. This study aimed to explore the impact of EHS on the systemic circulatory bacterial profile and to determine the impact of a short-term low (LFOD) and high (HFOD) fermentable oligo- di- mono-sacch...

Background Carbohydrate fermentation plays a pivotal role in maintaining colonic health with excessive proximal and deficient distal fermentation being detrimental. Aims To utilise telemetric gas‐ and pH‐sensing capsule technologies for defining patterns of regional fermentation following dietary manipulations, alongside conventional techniques of...

The study aimed to determine the test-retest reliability of exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (EIGS) biomarkers, and assess the association of pre-exercise short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration with these biomarkers in response to prolonged strenuous exercise. Thirty-four participants completed 2 h of high-intensity interval training...

Blood pressure (BP) variability is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Recent evidence supports a role for the gut microbiota in BP regulation. However, whether the gut microbiome is associated with BP variability is yet to be determined. Here, we aimed to investigate the interplay between the gut microbiome and their metabolites...

Background Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) have immune-modulating effects in animal models of disease. However, there is limited evidence that this may occur in humans Objectives This study aimed to determine the effects of increased exposure to SCFA via dietary manipulation on colonic fermentation and adaptive immune cells. Methods Twenty healthy...

Background: Blood pressure (BP) variability is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Recent evidence supports a role for the gut microbiota in BP regulation. However, whether the gut microbiome is associated with BP variability is yet to be determined. Here, we aimed to investigate the interplay between the gut microbiome and their...

Blood pressure (BP) variability is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. Recent evidence supports a role for the gut microbiota in BP regulation. However, whether the gut microbiome is associated with BP variability is yet to be determined. Here, we aimed to investigate the interplay between the gut microbiome and their metabolites...

Background: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced from microbial fermentation of dietary fibre in the intestine have immune-modulating effects in animal models of disease. However, there is limited evidence in humans. This study aimed to determine the effects of increased exposure to SCFA via dietary manipulation on colonic fermentation and blood...

acids (SCFAs) attenuate exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (EIGS), through mechanisms strengthening intestinal epithelium. However, direct evidence for this has not been determined. Aim: To determine if pre-exercise plasma and (or) faecal SCFA concentration (total and differential) is associated with markers of epithelial integrity in respo...

The COVID-19 global pandemic has disrupted research and restricted travel, threatening valuable research opportunities for early-career researchers. Support networks are critical to help overcome the challenges of relocation during this time.

Recent evidence supports a role for the gut microbiota in hypertension, but whether ambulatory blood pressure is associated with gut microbiota and their metabolites remains unclear. We characterized the function of the gut microbiota, their metabolites and receptors in untreated human hypertensive participants in Australian metropolitan and region...

Aim Gut microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have vasodilator properties in animal and human ex vivo arteries. However, the role of the gut microbiota and SCFAs in arterial stiffness in humans is still unclear. Here we aimed to determine associations between the gut microbiome, SCFA and their G-protein coupled sen...

Background Hypertension is a prevalent chronic disease worldwide that remains poorly controlled. Recent studies support the concept that the gut microbiota is involved in the development of hypertension and that dietary fibre intake may act through the gut microbiota to lower blood pressure (BP). Resistant starch is a type of prebiotic fibre which...

Objective High blood pressure (HBP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the prevalence of both is higher in regional versus metropolitan areas. The gut microbiome has emerged as important contributor to HBP, however, the relationship between BP and specific gut microbes and their metabolites is unclear. Here we aimed to dete...

Aims: Recent evidence supports a role for the gut microbiota in hypertension, but whether ambulatory blood pressure (BP) is associated with gut microbiota and their metabolites remains unclear. Here we characterised the function of the gut microbiota, their metabolites and receptors in untreated human hypertensive participants in metropolitan and r...

Background: Hypertension is a prevalent chronic disease worldwide that remains poorly controlled. Recent studies support the concept that the gut microbiota is involved in the development of hypertension, and that dietary fibre intake may act through the gut microbiota to lower blood pressure (BP). Resistant starch is a type of prebiotic fibre whic...

Background Acetic acid is a short-chain fatty acid that has demonstrated biomedical potential as a dietary therapeutic agent for the management of chronic and metabolic illness comorbidities. In human beings, its consumption may improve glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity in individuals with cardiometabolic conditions and type 2 diabetes mel...

Scope To promote local and systemic benefits of SCFA, methods of increasing their delivery to the gastrointestinal tract are needed. SCFA in foods and beverages represents a poorly characterised source. The main aims of this study were: 1) quantify SCFA in commonly consumed foods and beverages, and 2) explore the pharmacokinetics of consuming oral...

The therapeutic value of specific fibres is partly dependent on their fermentation characteristics. Some fibres are rapidly degraded with generation of gases that induce symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), while more slowly-or non-fermentable fibres may be more suitable. More work is needed to profile a comprehensive range of...

Hypertension is a complex and modifiable condition in which environmental factors contribute to both onset and progression. Recent evidence has accumulated for roles of diet and the gut microbiome as environmental factors in blood pressure regulation. However, this is complex because gut microbiomes are a unique feature of each individual reflectin...