Patxi León-Guereño

University of Deusto | DEUSTO · Faculty of Education and Sports

Recreational running, both on roads and in mountains, is one of the most practiced physical activities worldwide, and so, the motivations behind participating have been quite extensively described in the literature. However, the cultural and environmental motivations behind these athletes traveling to other countries or destinations to compete have...

The work of wildland firefighters, especially of the so-called ‘Brigadas de Refuerzo contra Incendios Forestales’, is characterised by high physical demands and extreme operating conditions. These professionals face long workdays (12 h), walking with heavy loads (~25 kg), being exposed to high temperatures (>30 °C), and handling specialised tools i...

Athletes’ anthropometry, and especially their body composition, plays an important role in sport performance in general and in Trainera rowing in particular. Rowers’ anthropometric and performance profiles may vary according to their position in the boat. The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between anthropometry, physi...

Introduction Recreational physical activity is becoming more popular due to the increased public awareness about the beneficial effects on health status and quality of life. The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional status and health behaviors of women who regularly practice yoga as a form of physical recreation and to compare them with th...

The growing interest in “Traineras”, a traditional competitive rowing modality prevalent in Northern Spain, underscores the need for a comprehensive analysis of the injury incidence associated with this sporting practice. Despite rowing’s significance in the international sports arena and its inclusion since the beginnings of the modern Olympic Gam...

The aim of the article is to elucidate pro-environmental solutions and activities, consonant with the tenets of sustainability and enduring developmental paradigms, implemented within the infrastructural purview of the cultural institutions situated in Poznan—a municipality located in western Poland. A diagnostic scrutiny was executed encompassing...

Mental health can be considered a current worldwide pandemic, and It could be said that It has become a major public health concern, especially in a social context where people relationships tend to be more virtual and less personal. Moreover, this disease has increased dramatically in recent years, in a post-Covid-19 era, in a social context in wh...

Empowering early childhood education students from the beginning with the necessary knowledge and skills to act swiftly in emergency situations could be crucial in saving lives in certain cases. In order to improve the first aid knowledge and skills of early childhood education students, a pre/post study was conducted with a two-week intermediate i...

Physical activity is essential for women with physical disabilities. This review aims to identify the barriers they face in practicing sport. A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases in January 2023, with an update in March 2023. The eligibility criteria used for inclusion were as follows. (i)...

Objetivo: recopilar la información científica relacionada con parámetros fisiológicos, biomecánicos, antropométricos y de entrenamiento del deporte de traineras, comparar las investigaciones científicas que hay entre géneros y clasificar por temá-ticas la información. Métodos: Estudio de tipo revisión sistemática, en el cual se realizó una búsqueda...

We purpose to determine the nationality of the European middle-distance athletes under 18 years (U18) and under 20 years (U20) during the last decade, to verify the participation trend for each country, and to assess whether the place of competition can be associated with the athletes ranking position. The sample comprised 902 European male runners...

Endurance sports have increased in popularity in recent years, and it is very common to find different mass-participation sporting events around the world attracting thousands of people. While research related to the performance of endurance athletes has been widely addressed with a focus on elite athletes and physiological aspects, studies related...

Virtual spaces, such as social media, give people a platform to exchange their opinions, experiences, and knowledge. Social media’s ubiquitous usefulness has led to people relying, in whole or in part, on the information they learn online. As a result, a person’s perception of his or her own body and their self-worth has started to be influenced by...

Ski mountaineering is an increasingly popular sport with a relatively high risk of injury. Therefore, several studies have analyzed factors related to the likelihood of injury, including athlete characteristics, training, resilience and equipment. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify factors that may influence injury risk. A 15-minute online...

This timely Research Handbook examines sport-related research and analysis pertaining to how the sport industry has been impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic. Taking stock of the changes over the course of the pandemic, it also provides key insights into how the sport industry and its stakeholders might move forward in post-pandemic times.

Anaerobic performance is decisive in many sports. The Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) is the most widely used test for the assessment of anaerobic performance to date. Performance in this test is influenced by many variables, including genetics. The aim of this review is to analyze the genes related to WAnT performance. A detailed search of four data...

Traditionally, cross-country skiing has been known for having a strong endurance component; however, strength demands have significantly increased in recent years. Given this importance, several studies have assessed the effects of strength training in cross-country skiing. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to analyze the results of...

Retos, número 45, 2022 (3º trimestre)-936-2022, Retos, 45, 936-942 Introducción El sedentarismo se relaciona con aumento exponencial de las tasas de riesgo de morbimortalidad (Diaz et al., 2017) y su alta prevalencia lo convierte en un foco de interés para los sistemas sanitarios. Afirmar que existe relación causal directa entre la práctica regular...

Although horseback riding is not specifically mentioned in the recommendations for different age groups regarding the level of physical activity necessary for good health, its practice continues to grow in popularity throughout the world. Despite being a minority discipline, it has some characteristics that make it an opportunity for its participan...

Running marathons is an increasingly popular activity with an ever-increasing number of events and participants. Many participants declare that they pursue a variety of goals by running, namely, the maintenance of good health, the development of strength and improvement of fitness, the management of emotions, and the achievement of resilience and p...

The work performed by wildland firefighters (WFFs) is very demanding owing to the conditions in which they have to operate. It has been reported that these professionals walk long distances over unstable and steep terrain carrying heavy loads, handle tools manually and repeatedly and are subject to a high level of thermal stress. Under such conditi...

Running surrounded by nature at night, often with limited contact with other people, is one of the safest physical activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this article is to determine what motivates night recreational runners and to analyse the differences between men and women according to age, and also to see whether the fact of havin...

Recreational running, or jogging has increased in recent years, becoming a global phenomenon (Scheerder et al., 2015). However, due to busy schedules and personal reasons, some of the participants tend to practice physical activity in the evening (Saleh et al., 2019). Despite amateur runners’ reason to participate has been widely analyzed, night ru...

El deporte ecuestre sigue creciendo en popularidad, pero las investigaciones anteriores se refieren, por un lado, a las barreras relacionadas con las lesiones asociadas a este deporte, y por otro, a los beneficios de la equitación terapéutica para personas con discapacidad (MacKinnon & Laliberte, 1995). No existen muchos estudios acerca los benefic...

Background: Recreational running has greatly increased over the last decade, and different research has tried to understand the motivation that leads these amateur athletes to run. However, most research has focused on adult athletes, while the motivation behind older adult athletes has been overlooked. Methods: The aim of this research was to an...

Stand-up paddle boarding (SUP) is a relatively new physical activity, which involves paddling with a single- blade paddle while standing on a surf-like board. Although its practice has increased in recent years, there has not been much research into this sport. The aim of this review is to analyse the research carried out so far in SUP, for which p...

The aim of the study was to determine the reasons for practicing different running distances (5K run, marathon, and ultramarathon), and to analyze the differences in each type according to gender, age, and marital status. An empirical study was conducted during the 2020 Karkonosze Winter Ultramarathon, 20th PKO Poznan Marathon, and 5K run—Parkrun P...

Breast cancer is one of the most serious diseases affecting women. Research has shown that physical activity is an important element in both the prevention of breast cancer and its recurrence after cancer treatment. Many studies show that physical activity can benefit patients’ physical and mental health and improve treatment outcomes even during i...

Endurance sports like running have increased in participation and popularity in recent years, and it is very common to find different mass participant sports events worldwide, gathering thousands of people (both as participants and as spectators). While endurance athletes’ performance-related investigations have been widely addressed, with special...

The aim of this paper was to analyze the relationship between attitudes toward physical activity and participation in water sports events and to recognize the main motives for involvement in these kinds of events. A written paper–pencil diagnostic survey was conducted among 394 participants in two traditional and two modern sports events on water h...

Stand-up paddleboarding (SUP) is an increasingly popular sport but, as in other sports, there is an injury ratio associated with practicing it. In other types of sport, some factors have been linked to the likelihood of suffering an injury, among which stretching, core training and resistance training may be considered the most significant. Therefo...

The aim of this study was to investigate the motivations for beginner runners to take part in Parkrun Poznań and City Trail Poznań, Poland, taking into account their socio-demographical variables. A total of 165 (age: 36.33 ± 10.38) inexperienced runners participated in the diagnostic survey and completed the MOMS (Motivations of Marathoner Scale)...

The aim of this study was to investigate the motivations for beginner runners to take part in Parkrun Poznań and City Trail Poznań, Poland, taking into account their socio-demographical variables. A total of 165 (age: 36.33 ± 10.38) inexperienced runners participated in the diagnostic survey and completed the MOMS (Motivations of Marathoner Scale)...

This study intended to identify motives for participation in long-distance running races, and how they relate to athletes' perceived health status and expected race time. The purposive sample consisted of 1849 athletes between the ages of 18 and 74. The instruments included the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-3 (BREQ-3), the expect...

Introduction: the anthropometric characteristics of international stand-up paddle (SUP) boarders are relevant aspects when it comes to their performance. However, very little research has been carried out within this sport, almost none regarding the body composition and anthropometric characteristics of SUP practitioners. Therefore, the aim of thi...

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to test the association between resilience and the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation with the number of injuries in long-distance athletes; (2) Methods: Participants were 773 long-distance athletes, 556 men (age: 44.09 ± 9.35) and 217 women (age: 40.66 ± 9.55). The number of injuries were examined with a r...

Abstract: (1) Background: The number of athletes taking part in different running events has increased significantly in the last decade. The aim of this study was to test significant differences between BMI and the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation depending on the sex; (2) Methods: The sample was formed by 749 long-distance athletes, 540 men (age...

The purpose of this research was to describe reasons for participating in a marathon and their association with marital status, age, and sex. Four hundred and ninety-three runners in total, 144 of whom were women and 349 of whom were men, completed the Polish version of the Motivations of Marathoners Scale (MOMS), containing nine dimensions, which...

The market for mass sports events geared towards adults is already saturated, while more new initiatives are exclusively targeting children and adolescents. Mass sports events for amateur athletes can be a great way to encourage young people to exercise regularly, such as in cases where physical education classes do not fully play this role. A lot...

Background: There are many athletes who like to listen to music while making a high intensity effort. However, research into the effects of listening to music on athletic performance has provided controversial results, and it is suggested that the timing and type of music might affect the anaerobic performance response. Purpose: The main aim of the...

Objectives Acclimatization strategies have been shown to be the best solutions to avoid acute mountain sickness. In this context, we have designed a protocol performed in hypoxia that includes resistance routines in combination with classical endurance training exercises with mountain trekking at mid altitude. Methods Thirty-two volunteers prepari...

Running participation has increased significantly in the last decade. Despite its association with different health-related aspects, athletes may experience adverse outcomes, including injuries. The aim of this study was twofold: to examine the relationship between runners’ resilience levels, motivation and incidence of injury, on the one hand; and...

The aim was to analyze the extent to which anthropometric values, in line with body image and physical ability, predict physical self-concept, and the latter, in turn, predicts the practice and intention to pursue physical activity. A total of 302 participants, 150 males and 152 females were recruited from different primary schools in Extremadura (...

Adequate food intake is important prior to endurance running competitions to facilitate adequate exercise intensity. However, no investigations have examined whether dietary intake could prevent exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and cardiac stress (EICS). Thus, this study's objective was to determine the associations between EIMD, EICS and endu...

Introduction: Amateur or recreational running has become in one of the most popular endurance activities, with a rapid growth of participation in the last years (Dallinga, Van Rijn, Stubbe, & Deutekom, 2019). However, despite Its connection with multiple health benefits (Mujika Alberdi, García Arrizabalaga, & Gibaja Martíns, 2018), running is great...

Introduction Originating from an ancient Hawaiian tradition, Stand Up Paddle Surfing (SUP) is a growing pastime and sports activity in which a person stands upright on a surfboard and propels it using a single paddle. This sport has high aerobic demands. On the other hand, efficiency is an important aspect of endurance performance. In fact, in othe...

The aim of the study was to investigate if years of running experience influence the motivations of marathon athletes. An empirical study was conducted during the last (20th) PKO Poznan Marathon, one of the largest and most popular mass running events in Poland, which was held in Poznan (Poland) in October 2019. A total of 493 marathon runners (29%...

Creatine monohydrate (CrM) and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) are common ergogenic aids in the field of sports and are frequently used in an isolated way. However, there are a few studies that have investigated the effect of combining both supplements on different variables related to performance, with controversial results. Therefore, the main p...

Creatine monohydrate (CrM) and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) are widely studied ergogenic aids. However, both supplements are usually studied in an isolated manner. The few studies that have investigated the effect of combining both supplements on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and hormone status have reported controversial results. There...

The purpose of our research was twofold: to investigate the motivations for participating in a mass cycling event for amateurs and the motivational di↵erences between men and women in cycling. This empirical study involving 385 cyclists was conducted during the fifth edition of the Skoda Bike Challenge held in Pozná n in 2018. The event forms part...

Although there are many studies showing the isolated effect of creatine monohydrate (CrM) and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB), it is not clear what effect they have when they are combined. The main purpose of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy of mixing CrM plus HMB in comparison with their isolated effects on sports performance,...

Most studies that have shown the positive effects of caffeine supplementation on sports performance have been carried out on men. However, the differences between sexes are evident in terms of body size, body composition, and hormonal functioning, which might cause different outcomes on performance for the same dosage of caffeine intake in men vs....

Trail running is an emerging sport that has seen a significant increase in popularity during the last decade. There is a lack of research related to mountain marathons with only a few papers offering controversial data (1). Therefore, road marathon data has been used instead (2). The main goal of this study is to define running physiological zones...

The physiological requirements of athletes during a surfing session have been analysed (Furness et al., 2018), although we can find very little information about physiological responses of these athletes while they are riding a wave. However, some research has focused on assessing heart rate (HR) and the time spent on each action, making difference...

Coaches’ behaviours are a key factor when leading a team successfully and they are directly connected to athletes’ satisfaction (León-Guereño et al. 2018) and team’s task cohesion (Huéscar Hernández et al. 2017). Traditional rowing or trainera boats are crewed by 13 rowers and a coxswain (León-Guereño, 2014). Since each sport is considered unique a...

Soccer is a complex team sport and success in this discipline depends on different factors such as physical fitness, player technique and team tactics, among others. In the last few years, several studies have described the impact of caffeine intake on soccer physical performance, but the results of these investigations have not been properly revie...

Introduction: Deficient levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (<30 ng/mL) may compromise health and athletic performance. Supplementation with oral vitamin D can favor the state of iron metabolism, and testosterone and cortisol as an indicator of muscle recovery of the athlete with a deficiency. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the infl...

Introduction: Given the importance of body composition in sports performance, it is vital to have references of elite athletes which serve as a guide when it comes to overseeing diet and training.The aim of this study was to describe the anthropometric values of an elite team of traditional rowers in order to build an anthropometric profile in this...

Traineras rowing is a type of rowing where the boats compete in the open sea. This study aims to examine the relationship between the coach's leadership in fixed seat rowing and the athletes' satisfaction, to which rower participation is added as a covariable. Four teams with a total 66 elite rowers (age: 28.0 ± 5.5 years) and their four coxswains...

The Multidimensional Model of Leadership created by Chelladurai (1978) postulates that the situational characteristics influence directly on athletes preferred behaviours. Based on this hypothesis, rowers' leadership preferences according to contextual variations was analysed in this research. Cross-cultural differences in coaching preferences was...

Introduction Coaches’ leadership according to the athletes’ team position was the subject of analysis in the early 1990s as there was a supposition that the coach’s required and perceived behaviours could vary depending on the athletes’ different roles (Beauchamp, Bray, Eys and Carron, 2005; Gidding, 2009). In traditional Basque rowing, 14 athletes...

Introduction Traditional rowing is a type of rowing that is practiced in the sea, where the main modality is the traineras, crewed by 13 rowers and a coxswain (León Guereño, 2014). A coach’s role in sport is very important, and their behaviors are related to athletes’ performance and satisfaction (Chelladurai & Riemer, 1998). However, a successful...

Euskal Arraunketa tradizionalean alderdi fisiko-fisiologikoa, nutrizionala, teknikoa eta biomekanikoa aztertu izan da, gutxi dira ordea, arraunlari hauen ongi izate psikologikoa aztertu dutenak. Gainera, kontutan hartzen badugu talde kirol batek harreman mailan duen konplexutasuna, arraunketan ere, egunerokoan ematen diren elkar ekintzek eta bizipe...

Teniendo en cuenta que una regata de traineras unos 20 minutos, nos encontramos ante un deporte prioritariamente aeróbico, pero con un componente muy importante de fuerza. Alrededor del 85-90% de la energía necesaria la conseguiremos mediante el metabolismo aeróbico y un 10-15% de la energía se conseguirá mediante un metabolismo anaeróbico. No obst...