Patrick C Shih

• PhD in Information and Computer Science
• Professor (Associate) at Indiana University Bloomington

The pervasiveness of online health communities and recent exponential growth of health tracking technologies provide new possibilities for weight management, an important health issue that remains prevalent. To enhance the understanding of how to support them to succeed, we investigate people’s practices and experiences over the course of weight ma...

Human-Pet-Computer Interaction (HPCI) is the study of how technology can be designed and used to advance human-pet companionships. Trends in pet ownership are rising, as are pet obesity rates. Paralleling these trends are advancements in personal data collection and visualization – the quantified self (QS) movement – that allow individuals to self-...

The experience of grief and death is an inevitable part of life. Grief, a natural response to death, can be a challenging and emotionally taxing journey. Bereaved individuals often feel lost in a fog, unaware of resources available to them and unsure of which resources could be useful for supporting their healing process. Complicated grief, a more...

This study explores current drinking practices and attitudes of college students and design opportunities for encouraging safe and responsible drinking behaviors in this population. With 86 participants in total, we conducted surveys, interviews, and a two-week user study that involved the use of BACtrack Mobile Pro, an FDA-approved personal breath...

Primary symptoms of adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), such as pervasive social deficits in social interaction and communication, cause adults with ASD to adopt a sedentary lifestyle. Meanwhile, gamified and behavioral theory-based interventions have been shown to improve physical activity in a fun and unobtrusive way. In this paper, we de...

Historically, transgender people of color (TPOC) have been silenced in white trans spaces for not fitting into transnormativity - the typical white, binary, skinny, and privileged image of trans people, and for raising concerns related to race, culture, and ethnicity. Social media and online communities serve as supportive spaces for transgender (s...

Alzheimer's Disease and related dementia (ADRD) is prevalent in one in nine individuals age 65 or above, and it has a 65% higher risk of incidence for African American/Black adults. With an aging population in the United States and persisting healthcare inequities for African American/Black adults, our research aims to explore design requirements o...

BACKGROUND As restrictive abortion laws continue to emerge in various states of the United States, pregnant individuals are turning to alternative channels to seek abortion medication, one of which is engaging in self-managed medication abortion, outsourcing the medicines from online websites without any medical prescriptions. OBJECTIVE This study...

Low levels of health literacy concerning Alzheimer's Disease and related dementias (ADRD) impact African American/Black communities access to appropriate ADRD care. Additionally, a legacy of mistrust in medical research due to systemic racism, has resulted in insufficient participation in ADRD clinical trials among African American/Black adults. Th...

In a world faced with ever-growing crises of climate change, economic inequality, and social injustice, sustainability has become a catch-all term to address these challenges and more. However, efforts to measure the social, environmental, and economic factors of sustainability are undermined by inconsistent understandings of the term. This researc...

Background: Many members of Black American communities, faced with the high prevalence of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) within their demographic, find themselves taking on the role of informal caregivers. Despite being the primary individuals responsible for the care of individuals with ADRD, these caregivers often lack sufficient...

Physical inactivity and sedentarism among autistic adults are a growing public health concern. Focusing on the integration of behavior change theories and emphasizing the unique preference for visuospatial learning and gaming technology, we hypothesize that gamified mobile health (mHealth) applications can be effective at increasing free-living phy...

Background Breast cancer is the world’s most prevalent cancer. Although the 5-year survival rate for breast cancer in the United States is 91%, the stress and uncertainty of survivorship can often lead to symptoms of depression and anxiety. With nearly half of breast cancer survivors living with stress and symptoms of depression and anxiety, there...

Background Older African American and Black adults are twice as likely to develop Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) and have the lowest level of ADRD health literacy compared to any other ethnic group in the United States. Low health literacy concerning ADRD negatively impacts African American and Black people in accessing adequate hea...

Background With the increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into various aspects of daily life, there is a growing interest among designers and practitioners in incorporating AI into their fields. In health care domains like art therapy, AI is also becoming a subject of exploration. However, the use of AI in art therapy is still unde...

Music therapists (MT-BCs) use diverse technologies to provide evidence-based personalized interventions to a wide variety of people. Most studies on the technological practices of MT-BCs report a general overview of the tools they use in their daily work. This study offers an new way of understanding technologies used by MT-BCs, classified and situ...

The goal of this study is to investigate the association between chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRDs) development among adults aged ≥50 using administrative claims data from a national commercial health insurance company during 2007–2017. To reduce selection bias, prope...

As technology’s role in health grows, its potential application in art therapy has also been explored. Existing studies provide broad overviews of technological tools in art therapy yet lacking a thorough examination of their purpose and impact. This brief report, through semi-structured interviews with 20 art therapists from the American Art Thera...

There is little understanding of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior as preventive health behaviors in autistic adults. Technology has been used as an educational and social intervention tool for autistic individuals, yet it is also associated with low PA and high sedentary time (ST) in the neurotypical population. This study aimed to exa...

BACKGROUND Many members of African American/Black communities, faced with the high prevalence of Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias (ADRD) within their demographic, find themselves taking on the role of informal caregivers. Despite being the primary individuals responsible for the care of ADRD patients, these caregivers often lack sufficient...

Background: With the increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into various aspects of daily life, there is a growing interest among designers and practitioners in incorporating AI into their fields. In healthcare domains like art therapy, AI is also becoming a subject of exploration. However, the use of AI in art therapy is still und...

Background With the increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into various aspects of daily life, there is a growing interest among designers and practitioners in incorporating AI into their fields. In health care domains like art therapy, AI is also becoming a subject of exploration. However, the use of AI in art therapy is still unde...

BACKGROUND Older African American/Black adults are twice as likely to develop Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) and have the lowest level of ADRD health literacy compared to any other ethnic group in the U.S. Low health literacy concerning ADRD negatively impacts African American/Black people in accessing adequate healthcare. OBJECT...

Motivation: To meet the needs of people with dementia, there is a growing demand for interactive products. On the other hand, art therapy promotes creativity and compassion in this population. However, traditional therapy has accessibility and cost challenges. Therefore, investigating digital art therapy as an alternative is needed. Objectives: Thi...

Epilepsy, a prevalent chronic neurological disorder, presents numerous challenges for people with epilepsy (PWEs) and their caregivers. They experience difficulties in receiving proper care and support due to stigma and misconceptions. Promoting public awareness in early education would be critical to reduce the stigma and to properly support them....

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the world’s most prevalent cancer. Although the 5-year survival rate for breast cancer in the United States is 91%, the stress and uncertainty of survivorship can often lead to symptoms of depression and anxiety. With nearly half of breast cancer survivors living with stress and symptoms of depression and anxiety, there...

Driven by the vision of future responsive environments, where everyday surroundings can perceive human behaviors and respond through intelligent robotic actuation, we propose Wizard of Props (WoP): a human-centered design workflow for creating expressive, implicit, and meaningful interactions. This collaborative experience prototyping approach inte...

Despite the importance of daily stress to individuals' health and wellbeing, few studies have explored where stress happens in real time, that is, dynamic stress processes in different spaces. As such, stress interventions rarely account for the environment in which stress occurs. We used mobile phone based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to...

In this paper, we introduce the Analysis Platform for Risk, Resilience, and Expenditure in Disasters (APRED)—a disaster-analytic platform developed for crisis practitioners and economic developers across the United States (US). APRED provides practitioners with a centralized platform for exploring disaster resilience and vulnerability profiles of a...

Background Daily stressors are associated with cognitive decline and increased risk of heart disease, depression, and other debilitating chronic illnesses in midlife adults. Daily stressors tend to occur at home or at work and are more frequent in urban versus rural settings. Conversely, spending time in natural environments such as parks or forest...

Objective: We assessed the feasibility and acceptability of using BACtrack Skyn wearable alcohol monitors for alcohol research in a college student population. Methods: We enrolled n=5 (Sample 1) and n=84 (Sample 2) Indiana University undergraduate students to wear BACTrack Skyn devices continuously over a five-day to seven-day study period. We...

BACKGROUND Daily stressors are associated with cognitive decline and increased risk of heart disease, depression, and other debilitating chronic illnesses for mid-life adults. Daily stressors tend to happen at home or work and are more frequent in urban versus rural settings. Conversely, spending time in natural environments such as parks or forest...

This study examined the concordance between accelerometry-measured and self-reported physical activity (PA) and sedentary time in adults with autism. Twenty-four participants wore an ActiGraph GT3X + accelerometer for seven consecutive days and completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) on the last day of their...

African Americans/Blacks continue to be underrepresented as participants in Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementia (ADRD) and brain research. Numerous challenges such as lack of information about the Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementia (ADRD), socioeconomic barriers, historical and systemic racism, and distrust of research goals and processe...

Background: Physical activity (PA) has an impact on physical and mental health in neurotypical populations, and addressing these variables may improve the prevalent burden of anxiety in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Gamified mobile apps using behavior change techniques present a promising way of increasing PA and reducing sedentary ti...

Simple Summary Enrichment is important for supporting the well-being of captive animals. Enrichment increase animal quality of life through encouraging natural behaviours. As enrichment is shifting to a more centered role in animal care, technology is becoming increasingly accessible and is becoming embedded in animal enrichment in creative ways. T...

Millions of Americans forego medical care due to a lack of non-emergency transportation, particularly minorities, older adults, and those who have disabilities or chronic conditions. Our study investigates the potential for using timebanks—community-based voluntary services that encourage exchanges of services for “time dollars” rather than money—i...

Patients with complex conditions and treatment plans often find it challenging to communicate with multiple providers and to prioritize various management tasks. The challenge is even greater for patients with discordant chronic comorbidities (DCCs), a situation where a patient has conditions that have unrelated and/or conflicting treatment plans....

In this paper, we draw inspiration from the Discordant Chronic Comorbidity Care (DC\(^3\)) model. The model recognizes the complexities of DCCs and incorporates key strategies for assessing and addressing the complexities of DCCs care. We worked with user experience design experts over several design sprints to come up with a conceptual design. It...

Virtual reality (VR) has seen increased use for training and instruction. Designers can enable VR users to gain insights into their own performance by visualizing telemetry data from their actions in VR. Our ability to detect patterns and trends visually suggests the use of data visualization as a tool for users to identify strategies for improved...

BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) has an impact on physical and mental health in neurotypical populations, and addressing these variables may improve the prevalent burden of anxiety in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Gamified mobile applications using behavior change techniques (BCTs) present a promising way to increase PA and reduce se...

Virtual reality (VR) has seen increased use for training and instruction. Designers can enable VR users to gain insights into their own performance by visualizing telemetry data from their actions in VR. Our ability to detect patterns and trends visually suggests the use of data visualization as a tool for users to identify strategies for improved...

Patients with complex conditions and treatment plans often find it challenging to communicate with multiple providers and to prioritize various management tasks. The challenge is even greater for patients with discordant chronic comorbidities (DCCs), a situation where a patient has conditions that have unrelated and/or conflicting treatment plans....

This paper drew its inspiration from the DC^3 model. We present a case study of how to use design sprints (with design experts) in a complex design context (the case study can be a model for future studies). We propose an ecosystem that seeks to address the challenges of managing DCCs and discuss strategies to further optimize and standardize the p...

With aerial systems becoming more accessible, animal-drone interaction opportunities for improving wellness are expanding. Payload drones may provide new ways to encourage space utilization in zoo contexts, as well as minimize human interaction in wildlife rehabilitation. In this paper, we outline the technical details of an early aerial system pro...

A virtual reality (VR) controller plays a key role in supporting interactions between users and the virtual environment. This paper investigates the relationship between the user experience and VR control device modality. We developed a VR firefighting training system integrated with four control devices adapted from real firefighting tools. We ite...

Working with organs and extracted tissue blocks is an essential task in many medical surgery and anatomy environments. In order to prepare specimens from human donors for further analysis, wet-bench workers must properly dissect human tissue and collect metadata for downstream analysis, including information about the spatial origin of tissue. The...

We introduce our ongoing work in community networks and present a system that aggregates geographical community news and events information from local news and social media. Our goal is to present community information according to its content and to make it more visible to local residents, thereby increasing community awareness. We also present a...

Anxiety is a prevalent mental health condition in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and physical activity (PA) presents potential for the alleviation of this symptom. Gamified mobile apps using behavior change techniques (BCTs) demonstrate a promising way to increase PA and consequently reduce anxiety in adults with ASD. PURPOSE: To comp...

Despite the overall poor health profiles documented in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there is little information on physical activity (PA) and sedentary time in this population, and the agreement between objective and subjective measures of these variables in adults with ASD is unknown. PURPOSE: To examine the concordance between acc...

The rise of ridesharing platforms has transformed traditional transportation, making it more accessible for getting to work and accessing grocery stores and healthcare providers, which are essential to physical and mental well-being. However, such technologies are not available everywhere. Additionally, there is a scarcity of HCI work that investig...

Recent research on creativity support tools (CST) adopts artificial intelligence (AI) that leverages big data and computational capabilities to facilitate creative work. Our work aims to articulate the role of AI in supporting creativity with a case study of an AI-based CST tool in fashion design based on theoretical groundings. We developed AI mod...

Objectives Preadolescence substance exposure, which increases the risk of regular substance use, has been a public health concern. Although studies found that impulsivity is a predisposing factor of early substance exposure, the pathways through which impulsivity is associated with early substance exposure remain unclear. This study examined how fa...

Music therapists provide critical, evidence-based care to a diverse range of clients. However, despite their active role in empowering individuals affected by disability, stigma, grief, and trauma, music therapists remain understudied by the HCI community. We present the results of a mixed methods study of 10 interviewees and 20 survey respondents...

There are over three million people living with epilepsy in the U.S. People with epilepsy experience multiple daily challenges such as seizures, social isolation, social stigma, experience of physical and emotional symptoms, medication side effects, cognitive and memory deficits, care coordination difficulties, and risks of sudden unexpected death....

Movement is one of the key elements in virtual reality (VR) and significantly influences user experience. In particular, walking-in-place is a method of supporting movement in a limited space, and many studies are being conducted on its effective support. However, most studies have focused on forward movement despite many situations in which backwa...

Working with organs and tissue blocks is an essential task in medical environments. In order to prepare specimens for further analysis, wet-bench workers must dissect tissue and collect spatial metadata. The Registration User Interface (RUI) was developed to allow stakeholders in the Human Biomolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP) to register tissue bloc...

Objective: To assess the feasibility and acceptability of using BACtrack Skyn wearable alcohol monitors in a college student population. Method: In September 2019, we enrolled n=5 Indiana University undergraduate students in a study to wear alcohol monitor wristbands continuously over a 5-day period. Concurrently, participants completed daily surve...

The purpose of this study was to conduct the first usability inquiry of a gamified, behavior change theory-guided mobile app PuzzleWalk for increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Eighteen adults with and without ASD participated in a mixed-methods study that consisted...

People living with HIV experience a high level of stigma in our society. Public HIV-related stigma often leads to anxiety and depression and hinders access to social support and proper medical care. Technologies for HIV, however, have been mainly designed for treatment management and medication adherence rather than for helping people cope with pub...

Respite care can provide a chance for family caregivers to take a temporary and flexible break from their long-term caregiving work. Despite its beneficial aspects and value, there is little research on how technology might mitigate barriers to using respite care. The purpose of this paper is to understand the current practices and challenges that...

Transportation has evolved throughout the past several years through developments in HCI and sociotechnical systems. However, there has been a lack of studies examining transportation in rural areas for vulnerable populations. Our study focuses on the transportation facilitators and barriers faced by people living with HIV in rural areas. We were i...

Outdoor enrichment has a variety of potential uses for increasing physical activity and strengthening companion animal bonds. In this pilot protocol, we aim to explore a species-centric evaluation of drone flying patterns and distances for enrichment purposes. This includes presenting participants with introductory and training phases to encourage...

Animal enrichment in zoos is evolving faster than ever, with more technical approaches being found across disciplines, particularly in Animal-Computer Interaction (ACI). Captive orangutans are a unique population that are commonly im-pacted by health concerns that may be alleviated through increased physical activity. In this study protocol, we aim...

PURPOSE: Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are purportedly inactive, but this conclusion is inferred from data on children and youth, and parent proxy reports. Objective assessment using activity monitors is needed to better understand physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior in this population segment. The purpose of this study was t...

This resource was created to support researchers who might be newly conducting crisis informatics research in light of the pandemic of 2020. It also might support creation of new course syllabi on related topics. It has been produced by members of the crisis informatics research community in May 2020 to consolidate and organize the literature on in...

Background: Participation in regular physical activity (PA) helps reduce anxiety in the neurotypical population, but there have been no attempts to use PA as part of a treatment approach for anxiety in people with ASD. Anxiety is one of the most common and debilitating co-occurring conditions in adults with autism spectrum diagnoses (ASD) and there...

Care and support of discordant chronic comorbidities (DCCs) are challenges not only for patients but also for their healthcare providers.DCCs are health conditions in which patients have multiple, often unrelated, chronic illnesses that may need to be addressed concurrently but may also be associated with conflicting treatment instructions. Previou...

This paper uncovers the tensions and constraints that arise for providers when supporting patients with DCCs and shows the contrast between providers' and patients' perspectives.

Conducting HCI research with people living with HIV in face-to-face settings can be challenging in terms of recruitment and data collection due to HIV-related stigma. In this case study, we share our experiences from conducting research remotely in two studies using the Asynchronous Remote Communities method with participants recruited from in-pers...

Mealtimes serve important social functions in our everyday lives. Public dining spaces on college campuses are positioned to be social and engaging spaces to make new connections. With the prevalence of digital devices, technology usage introduces new dynamics into students' mealtimes. In this study, we explored the current mealtime technology usag...

Wildlife rehabilitation centers are tasked with the difficult challenge of providing medical care to wildlife while limiting human contact to ensure a successful transition into the wild. Building off of interviews with volunteers and 6 months of participatory observation work, we present a smart habitat design for the rehabilitation of Virginian o...

The dog park going experience has the potential for many positive experiences for dogs. Through observations, interviews and focus groups, we designed Barks & Rec, a cooperative system that encourages community connections and behaviors awareness in dogs park goers through interweaving the dog park community. With activity tracking integration, our...

Wildlife rehabilitation involves caring for sick, injured, and orphaned non-domesticated native animals to re-release into the wild. While rehabilitators face similar hurdles as animal shelters such as limited funding and technology challenges, wildlife rehabilitation requires minimal human contact to ensure a successful reintroduction to the wild....

Analysis of social support in online forums for people living with HIV has been relying, for the most part, on self-report instrumentation and manual coding of data. Our study applies a fully automated data analysis method based on clustering and network embedding of the largest online support forum (POZ forum)for people living with HIV. Results sh...

Equine-assisted therapy has provided various treatments and activities with horses to improve one's physical and mental health. Few technologies has been utilized to promote the therapy in terms of its system and influences on clients and other stakeholders. We are conducting a study aiming to (1) understand stakeholders and their current practices...

Previous research shows that fewer female players participate in competitive games than male players. However, it has been reported that there are more female than male players in King of Glory (KoG), one of the most popular multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) games on the mobile platform in China. This study aims to investigate how KoG captures...

Asynchronous Research Communities methodology (ARC) has been used to explore HCI topics in a range of contexts. This innovative methodology takes advantage of the technological tools and platforms that are often the subject of HCI research to extend existing methods of data collection, pushing methodology beyond historical modes and allowing better...

Over two million people in the U.S. are living with epilepsy, which is one of most common chronic neu-rological condition. They have experienced challenges such as quality of health care, care coordination, and risks of sudden unexpected death. People with epilepsy and their caregivers (PWEC) desire for more resources and improvement in self-manage...

Background: Limited research indicates that adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) do not meet physical activity (PA) guidelines and are highly sedentary. Inadequate PA is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, but little is known about PA, sedentary time (ST), and factors influencing these variables in adults with ASD. Technology is u...

Over the past twenty years, people have seen considerable growth in film industry. There are two common measurements for movie quality, financial metric of net profit and reception metric in the form of ratings assigned by moviegoers on websites. Researchers have utilized these two metrics to build models for movie success prediction separately, wh...

Concerns regarding the environment and the impact humans constantly have on the environment has been a growing concern for decades, but there is still a substantial lack of environmental literacy and action among most of the population in what they can do to reduce the damage they may be indirectly causing. Given that many people express an interes...

Timebanking refers to community-based volunteering in which participants provide and receive services in exchange for time credits. Although timebanking takes advantage of web technologies, the lack of flexibility in managing web-based timebanking transactions and the difficulty of attracting younger adults whose contributions would be highly valua...

Animal shelter and rescue facilities in the United States provide a vital service to over 6 million animals in dire need each year. Unfortunately, these facilities are running on limited resources and will need to adjust to accommodate the number of growing homeless animals in the coming years. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 indivi...

The majority of studies of social relationships and cognitive function have focused on the general older population regardless of their living arrangements. Given that older adults living alone (OALA) are more likely to be isolated from social network and formal sources of support than those who reside with others (non-OALA), investigating whether...

The goal of this workshop is to bring together CSCW audiences who engage in studies and interventions related to care work. Our aims are to understand how care has been conceptualized in the extant CSCW community, identify core issues and concerns, and formalize how CSCW concepts could be used as a lens to inquire into this domain. We will explore...

Conducting research with communities who are at risk of being stigmatized can be a challenging endeavor. It is often difficult to reach and recruit individuals for research purposes regarding a stigmatized condition or situation. Yet, researchers in our field have recognized the importance of work in this area and have individually developed a rang...