Patrick Mikalef

Norwegian University of Science and Technology | NTNU · Department of Computer and Information Science

A central question for researchers and practitioners is whether and how IT (information technology) can help build a competitive advantage in uncertain environments. To address this question, the present study seeks to empirically explore the relationship between IT-enabled dynamic capabilities and competitive performance. By drawing upon recent th...

A question of central importance for researchers and practitioners is whether Information Technology (IT) can help build a competitive advantage in constantly changing environments. One characteristic of a firm's IT infrastructure in particular, flexibility, has been posited as being a critical enabler in attaining competitive performance gains. Ye...

A growing body of information systems studies are examining the organizational impact of IT in terms of IT capabilities. Yet, despite more than a decade since the original conception of IT capabilities which largely builds on the Resource-Based View (RBV) of the firm, the manner in which the notion is conceptualized and measured provides an increas...

Purpose - Strategic alignment is a theory-based state that is considered as crucial for organizations in order to realize performance gains from Information Technology (IT) investments and deployments. Within the domain of purchasing and supply chain management there has been a growing interest on how purchasing strategy can be effectively aligned...

Social Media has been gaining popularity worldwide over the last years at an increasingly growing rate. Motivated by this fact, firms are piloting different approaches of promoting their products and services to consumers in order to capitalize on the prominence of such websites. However, there is much debate in the academic and business community...

Explainable AI (XAI) as a research field has had a substantial growth in the last decade driven by a curiosity to investigate "the inside" of AI models appearing as black boxes through developing techniques and methods. While XAI mainly has been treated as a technical artefact, the human stakeholder perspective is clearly underscored in recent defi...

Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) have emerged as blockchain-based organizations enabling novel forms of self-governance and tech-enabled organizing. In this paper, we focus on the governance of DAOs. DAO governance is a dynamic human-machine governance system transforming how online communities work, organize, own and co-govern their p...

The recent advancements in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) have sparked a renewed interest in how organizations can potentially leverage and gain value from these technologies. Despite the considerable hype around AI, recent reports indicate that a very small number of organizations have managed to successfully implement these technologie...

The recent years' rapid development of sophisticated machine learning (ML) models has increased the interest in explainable AI (XAI), fueled by the risk that systems acting like black boxes could contribute to unjustifiable or illegitimate decisions and outputs. Despite the growing interest in XAI, there is ambiguity in the conceptual understanding...

Explainable AI (XAI) has received increased interest in research and practice, driven by social, ethical and legal pressure for AI techniques that are capable of making decisions explainable and understandable. However, the business-related impact of XAI is yet poorly understood in the Information System (IS) literature, pointing towards the useful...

This study explores the interlink between AI capabilities and circular business models (CBMs) through a literature review. Extant literature reveals that AI can act as efficiency catalyst, empowering firms to implement CBM. However, the journey to harness AI for CBM is fraught with challenges as firms grapple with the lack of sophisticated processe...

Over the last decade, many organizations worldwide have been assimilating Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to increase their productivity and attain a competitive advantage. As with any technology, intelligence systems come with potential downsides. Despite the efforts to mitigate any negative consequences of AI, businesses and employees c...

In a short span of time since its introduction, generative artificial intelligence (AI) has garnered much interest at both personal and organizational levels. This is because of its potential to cause drastic and widespread shifts in many aspects of life that are comparable to those of the Internet and smartphones. More specifically, generative AI...

This study explores the heterogeneous patterns of companies in terms of their AI capabilities by analyzing various combinations of AI-specific resources. Drawing on the resource-based theory of the firm, we develop an analytical framework comprising two key dimensions: AI infrastructure and AI competencies, and employ two scores to quantify these d...

Purpose-The aim of this article is to map the use of AI in the user experience (UX) design process. Disrupting the UX process by introducing novel digital tools such as artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to improve efficiency and accuracy, while creating more innovative and creative solutions. Thus, understanding how AI can be leveraged...

Traditionally, the design process has been performed by designers and developers with the aid of digital technologies. The proliferation of Machine Learning (ML) during the last years has been argued to boost the creative process of design. This includes simple tasks such as translating handwritten notes, suggesting layouts options but also more co...

This study proposes a novel research framework to examine the effect of digital CSR communications on financial performance while incorporating deep learning techniques to identify firms’ CSR communications on social media. Particularly, this research aims to quantify firms’ efforts in digital CSR communications by employing cutting-edge deep learn...

The growing attention to artificial intelligence-based applications has led to research interest in explainability issues. This emerging research attention on explainable AI (XAI) advocates the need to investigate end user-centric explainable AI. Thus, this study aims to investigate user-centric explainable AI and considered recommendation systems...

AI-based social media recommendations have great potential to improve user experience. However, often these recommendations do not match the user interest and create an unpleasant experience. Moreover, the recommendation system being a black box creates comprehensibility and interpretability issues. This paper investigates social media recommendati...

Understanding what information is important for consumers when making a purchaserelated decision has been a key question for researchers and practitioners ever since the advent of empirical research in commerce. Nevertheless, our knowledge of what information is important has been formed primarily through post-purchase conscious capturing approache...

In the past few years, the airline and travel industries have suffered unprecedented crisis during COVID-19 pandemic. With the gradual reopening of economies, airline companies are progressively bouncing back to normalcy. While airline traffic has come back to normalcy, travelers still continue to remain cautious about their health, hygiene and saf...

In the ever-evolving area of digital transformation, following responsible and sustainable practices is essential. This editorial article discusses the importance of responsible digital transformation, emphasizing the need for academia, private and public organizations, civil society, and individuals to work together in developing digital business...

The deployment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been accelerating in several fields over the past few years, with much focus placed on its potential in Business-to-Business (B2B) marketing. Early reports highlight promising benefits of AI in B2B marketing such as offering important insights into customer behaviors, identifying critical market in...

Due to the growing impact of digital platforms, it is increasingly important to understand their evolution through mathematical models. As their value is dependent on their user base, we present an improved perspective on modeling the number of users. Modeling digital platforms is frequently constrained by the scarcity of available data. Thus, rese...

The growing attention to artificial intelligence-based applications has led to research interest in explainability issues. This emerging research attention on explainable AI (XAI) advocates the need to investigate end user-centric explainable AI. Thus, this study aims to investigate user-centric explainable AI and considered recommendation systems...

AI-based social media recommendations have great potential to improve user experience. However, often these recommendations do not match the user interest and create an unpleasant experience. Moreover, the recommendation system being a black box creates comprehensibility and interpretability issues. This paper investigates social media recommendati...

The platform economy facilitates a model of sharing economy, where competition and cooperation among the competitive firms are very common. Nevertheless, there are very few studies to date which investigate how competition and cooperation influence firms’ ethical dilemmas, and how these in turn affect performance outcomes. As such, there is a lack...

IT vendors’ promises are likely to meet sound skepticism from prospective clients. If a particular technology is in vogue and seen as a “hype,” clients are under pressure to buy the technology while, at the same time, skepticism about its claimed benefits might be reinforced. Finding a balance between optimism and skepticism is essential. In this q...

Developing the capacity to digitally transform through AI is becoming increasingly important for public organizations, as a constantly growing number of their activities is now becoming AI-driven. This prompts an understanding of how public organizations should organize in order to derive value from AI, as well as in which forms can value be realiz...

The rapid growth and use of Artificial intelligence-based systems have raised the concern of explainability. Some of the recent studies have discussed the emerging demand for explainable AI. The notion of this work is to perform a systematic literature review of explainable AI from the end-user's perspective, and synthesize the findings. To be prec...

The use of analytics in corporate decision-making processes demands a paradigm shift within companies, and particularly among their top executives. Corporate leaders represent a major lever for this change. Therefore, a deeper understanding of their managerial capabilities, characteristics and contribution in this context is required. Aiming to pro...

Over the past two years, scholars have increasingly paid attention to firms’ capability to adapt to their increasingly turbulent business ecosystem environments. This study embraces the dynamic capabilities theory, uses ideas from the accelerated corporate transformation, and posits that adaptive transformation capability, driven by ambidextrous ar...

Over the past two years, scholars have increasingly paid attention to firms’ capability to adapt to their increasingly turbulent business ecosystem environments. This study embraces the dynamic capabilities theory, uses ideas from the accelerated corporate transformation, and posits that adaptive transformation capability, driven by ambidextrous ar...

In a constantly changing environment, researchers and practitioners are concerned with the issue of whether responsible artificial intelligence (AI) governance can help build competitive advantage. Responsible AI governance should be viewed as a source of competitive edge rather than merely a quick fix for automating manual processes. Despite this,...

In this Editorial Note for the special issue on "Incorporating Blockchain Technology in Information Systems Research," we first focus on the need on conducting blockchain research in the information systems field. We briefly describe the nine outstanding articles that were selected for publication in this special issue. The editorial note ends with...

In a constantly changing environment, researchers and practitioners are concerned with the issue of whether responsible artificial intelligence (AI) governance can help build competitive advantage. Responsible AI governance should be viewed as a source of competitive edge rather than merely a quick fix for automating manual processes. Despite this...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has recently been viewed as a technology with tremendous promise for helping businesses to gain an organizational and competitive advantage. At the same time, the deskilling of skill-intensive, insensitive domains at the level of society could create dangerous vulnerabilities if AI malfunctions or an adversarial attack...

Digital transformation has been one of the most studied phenomena in information systems (IS) and organizational science literature. With novel digital technologies emerging at a growing pace, it is important to understand what we have learned in over three decades of research and what we still need to understand in order to harness the full potent...

The past years of researching digital transformation and the accumulated experience of practitioners in deploying projects of novel digital technologies have allowed us to gain much valuable insight about the process. From this assembly of knowledge, there is a lot we can learn about how to conduct future research, as well as a depth of knowledge r...

While we have accumulated much knowledge over the past decades about how organizations engage in digital transformation, future developments are likely to make a lot of this knowledge at least partially obsolete. New forms of working and organizing, along with an increased collaboration between human and machine, are likely to give rise to new form...

Norway is generally characterized by a pervasive presence of digital services. It is currently undergoing a digital transformation across different domains, from daily life to public and private enterprises. In this introductory chapter, we first unpack the main drivers of digital transformation in Norway so far and its enabling conditions based on...

This chapter presents key lessons learned and implications for practice resulting from the analysis of the empirical cases included in this book. We map emerging themes across five layers: unit or project, organization, organization ecosystem, ethical and environmental sustainability, and society. We identify two emerging trends: the co-evolution o...

Business analytics and big data have been at the center of interest for researchers and practitioners for almost a decade now. The methods and processes that comprise business analytics, combined with the rich information that can be extracted from big data have enabled organizations to generate rich insight which is critical to decision making. Th...

Organisations spend much money on Information Technology (IT) development and maintenance activities with the intention that these activities will create results that enable benefits for the organisations. This paper seeks to understand potential associations between IT development and maintenance activities and the adoption of benefits management...

Customer relationship management (CRM) is a strategic approach to manage an organization’s interaction with current and potential customers. Artificial Intelligence (AI) can analyze huge volume of data without human intervention. The integration of AI with existing legacy CRM system in the business to customer (B2C) relationship makes sense given t...

In recent years artificial intelligence (AI) has been seen as a technology with tremendous potential for enabling companies to gain an operational and competitive advantage. However, despite the use of AI, businesses continue to face challenges and are unable to immediately realize performance gains. Furthermore, firms need to introduce robust AI s...

E-learning systems are receiving ever increasing attention in academia, business and public administration. Major crises, like the pandemic, highlight the tremendous importance of the appropriate development of e-learning systems and its adoption and processes in organizations. Managers and employees who need efficient forms of training and learnin...

Over the past twenty years the dynamic capabilities view (DCV) has gained prominence in the IS field as a theoretical perspective from which to explain competitive advantage in turbulent environments. While there are quite a few review studies of DCs in the strategic management domain, research on DCs in the IS area has not been synthesized nor cri...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been argued to offer a myriad of improvements in how we work and live. The notion of AI comprises a wide-ranging set of technologies that allow individuals and organizations to integrate and analyze data and use that insight to improve or automate decision-making. While most attention has been placed on the positive...

Big data analytics (BDA) is an advanced analytic technique used with very large and diverse sets of data from different sources. Natural language processing (NLP) is a technology that interfaces with different fields such as computer science, linguistics, and human-computer interactions. Over the past few years, there is a growing number of firms,...

Many would argue that artificial intelligence (AI) is not just a technology but represents a paradigmatic shift in the relationship between humans and machines. Much of the literature assumes that AI-powered practices are substantially different and profoundly changes organizational structures, communication, affordances, and ecosystems. However, r...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is fuelling a new breed of digital innovation in Human Resource Management (HRM) by creating new opportunities for complying with General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) during data collection and analysis, decreasing biases, and offering targeted recommendations. However, AI is also posing challenges to organisations...

Our understanding of how healthcare experts construct knowledge in the age of intelligent machines remains limited. This presents several challenges when it comes to the ways AI technology is developed and how AI is actually employed to create healthcare expert knowledge in practice. To better support medical work, it is crucial to understand the c...

Digital technologies are growing in importance for accelerating firms’ circular economy transition. However, so far, the focus has primarily been on the technical aspects of implementing these technologies with limited research on the organizational resources and capabilities required for successfully leveraging digital technologies for circular ec...

Over the past few decades research has predominantly focused on the technical aspects and theoretical challenges of Artificial Intelligence (AI). With the deluge of data and the increase in processing power, businesses are now facing the challenge of how to deploy AI that generates business value. In this direction, there is still nascent research...

Purpose This study aims to investigate the relationship between information and communication technologies (ICTs) use and work performance during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Specifically, it aims to understand what the role of task–technology fit is, and what effect this has on feelings of loneliness of individuals and their s...

Following the growing popularity of social commerce sites, there is an increased interest in understanding how consumers decide what products to purchase based on the available information. Consumers nowadays are confronted with the task of assessing marketer-generated (MGC) as well as user-generated information (UGC) in a range of different forms...

In recent years artificial intelligence (AI) has been seen as a technology with the potential for significant impact in enabling firms to get an operational and competitive advantage. However, despite the use of AI, companies still face challenges and cannot quickly realize performance gains. Adding to the above, firms need to introduce robust AI s...

In recent years artificial intelligence (AI) has been seen as a technology with the potential for significant impact in enabling firms to get an operational and competitive advantage. However, despite the use of AI, companies still face challenges and cannot quickly realize performance gains. Adding to the above, firms need to introduce robust AI s...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) are a wide-ranging set of technologies that promise several advantages for organizations in terms off added business value. Over the past few years, organizations are increasingly turning to AI in order to gain business value following a deluge of data and a strong increase in computational capacity. Nevertheless, organ...

This paper tests the meta-analysis based unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (meta-UTAUT) model to predict the behavioral intentions of organizational users and their use behavior to artificial intelligence (AI) integrated customer relationship management (CRM) systems. Data was collected from 315 organizational users in India. The h...

Real-world application of data-driven and intelligent systems (AI) is increasing in the private and public sector as well as in society at large. Many organizations transform as a consequence of increased AI implementation. The consequences of such transformations may include new recruitment plans, procurement of additional IT, changes in existing...

AI has received increased attention from the information systems (IS) research community in recent years. There is, however, a growing concern that research on AI could experience a lack of cumulative building of knowledge, which has overshadowed IS research previously. This study addresses this concern, by conducting a systematic literature review...