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Publications
Publications (196)
Pacific Island countries have an extraordinary dependence on fisheries and aquaculture. Maintaining the benefits from the sector is a difficult task, now made more complex by climate change. Here we report how changes to the atmosphere–ocean are likely to affect the food webs, habitats and stocks underpinning fisheries and aquaculture across the re...
Over 50% of the total bigeye tuna (BET) landed in the Western Central Pacific Ocean is caught incidentally in the purse seine fishery and sold for canning at prices less than US$2/kg. The remainder is landed in longline fisheries directed at BET and sold as fresh or frozen tuna at prices greater than US$10/kg. The combined fishing mortality by all...
En complément de l'ouvrage intitulé "Vulnerability of tropical Pacific fisheries and aquaculture to climate change", qui analyse de manière exhaustive les effets possibles du changement climatique sur les plans visant à maximiser les avantages économiques et sociaux tirés de la pêche et de l'aquaculture en Océanie, le présent document fait la synth...
Relationships between albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) longline catch per unit effort (CPUE) and environmental variables from model outputs in New Caledonia’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) were examined through generalized linear models at a 1° spatial resolution and 10-day temporal resolution. At a regional (EEZ) scale, the study demonstrated that...
The study of climate impacts on Living Marine Resources (LMRs) has increased rapidly in recent years with the availability of climate model simulations contributed to the assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Collaboration between climate and LMR scientists and shared understanding of critical challenges for su...
Pacific Island countries have an extraordinary dependence on fisheries and aquaculture. Maintaining the benefits from the sector is a difficult task, now made more complex by climate change. Here we report how changes to the atmosphere–ocean are likely to affect the food webs, habitats and stocks underpinning fisheries and aquaculture across the re...
The modeling of mid-trophic organisms of the pelagic ecosystem is a critical step in linking the coupled physical–biogeochemical models to population dynamics of large pelagic predators. Here, we provide an example of a modeling approach with definitions of several pelagic mid-trophic functional groups. This application includes six different group...
Global environmental change, which includes climate change, biodiversity loss, changes in hydrological and biogeochemical cycles, and intensive exploitation of natural resources, is having significant impacts on the world's oceans. This book advances knowledge of the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems, and their past, present, and futur...
Satellite data and operational ocean models provide the necessary inputs for ecosystem
models of the lower to mid- and upper trophic levels. One key explanatory variable that is
usually missing to understand the dynamics of key exploited or protected marine species is the dynamic of the micronekton that is at the Mid-Trophic Level (MTL) in the ecos...
The first symposium on “The Ocean in a High-CO2 World” in 2004 proved to be a landmark event in our understanding of the seriousness of ocean acidification, as reported in Oceanography (Cicerone et al., 2004). The scientific community reunited in 2008 for a second symposium on “The Ocean in a High-CO2 World.” During the four years between the two s...
Monitoring and predicting the biogeochemical state of the ocean and marine ecosystems is an important application of operational oceanography that needs to be expanded. The accurate depiction of the ocean’s physical environment enabled by Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) systems, in both real-time and reanalysis modes, is already v...
The conservation of threatened sea turtle species requires a better understanding of their ecology and basin-wide distribution, and thus requires the development of new innovative tools. In the present study, we investigate the possibility to adapt the Spatial and Ecosystem Population Dynamics Models (SEAPODYM) – initially developed for tuna – to l...
An enhanced version of the spatial ecosystem and population dynamics model SEAPODYM is presented to describe spatial dynamics of tuna and tuna-like species in the Pacific Ocean at monthly resolution over 1° grid-boxes. The simulations are driven by a bio-physical environment predicted from a coupled ocean physical–biogeochemical model. This new ver...
A Spatial Ecosystem and Population Dynamic Model (SEAPODYM) is used in a data assimilation study aiming to estimate model parameters that describe dynamics of Pacific skipjack tuna population on ocean-based scale. The model based on advection–diffusion–reaction equations explicitly predicts spatial dynamics of large pelagic predators, while taking...
Echo sounders are a widely used tool for observing marine ecosystems. Traditionally, rigid designed surveys are used to integrate biomass to a global estimate, which is coupled to traditional stock assessment models. More recently, the focus has shifted from single species assessment to an ecosystem approach, taking into account ecosystem function...
An enhanced version of the spatial ecosystem and population dynamics model SEAPODYM is presented to describe spatial dynamics of tuna and tuna-like species in the Pacific Ocean. It includes the modelling of mid-trophic organisms of the pelagic ecosystem with several pelagic mid-trophic functional groups. Parametrization of the dynamics of these com...
Fish population variability and fisheries activities are closely linked to weather and climate dynamics. While weather at sea directly affects fishing, environmental variability determines the distribution, migra-tion, and abundance of fish. Fishery science grew up during the last century by integrating knowledge from oceanography, fish biology, ma...
This book focuses on the influence of climate variability on the marine ecosystems of the North Atlantic. The ecological impact of climate variability on population dynamics is addressed at the full range of trophic levels, from phytoplankton through zooplankton and fish to marine birds. Climate effects on biodiversity and community structure are a...
The Eastern Bering Sea (EBS), the Gulf of Alaska (GOA), and the Barents Sea (BS) share key features: they are dominated by gadoids populations, they are heavily fished, and they are under the influence of large-scale climatic fluctuations. Previous studies have shown that climate forcing can impact the species composition and the food webs in each...
Recent studies suggest a reduction of primary production in the tropical oceans because of changes in oceanic circulation under global warming conditions caused by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. This might affect the productivity of medium and higher trophic levels with potential consequences on marine resources such as tropical tuna. He...
In the last five decades for which tuna fishing data are available, the interannual ENSO signal (SOI) and the related Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) suggest two different regimes characterized by higher intensity and frequency of either El Niño or La Niña events. Recent estimates from a statistical population dynamics model (MULTIFAN-CL) suggest...
A feature of the central equatorial Pacific is a strong divergent equatorial upwelling called the cold tongue, which is favorable to the development of a large zonal band with high levels of primary production. Contiguous to the cold tongue, is the western Pacific warm pool, which is characterized by warmer water with lower levels of primary produc...
Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) contributes ≈70% of the total tuna catch in the Pacific Ocean. This species occurs in the upper mixed-layer throughout the equatorial region, but the largest catches are taken from the warmpool in the western equatorial Pacific. Analysis of catch and effort data for US purse seine fisheries in the western Pacific...
We are developing a spatial, multigear, multispecies population dynamics simulation model for tropical tunas in the Pacific Ocean. The model is age-structured to account for growth and gear selectivity. It includes a tuna movement model based on a diffusion–advection equation in which the advective term is proportional to the gradient of a habitat...
Nearly 70% of the world's annual tuna harvest, currently 3.2 million tonnes, comes from the Pacific Ocean. Skipjack tuna ( Katsuwonus pelamis ) dominate the catch. Although skipjack are distributed in the surface mixed layer throughout the equatorial and subtropical Pacific, catches are highest in the western equatorial Pacific warm pool, a region...
The reproductive biology of the alfonsino Beryx splendens was studied by histological examinations, gonadosomatic index and macroscopic scales of maturation of a large sample of gonads.
Alfonsino is a gonochoric species. The size-frequency distribution of the sex ratio was bimodal and considered to be due to
size dimorphism. In New Caledonia, the b...
A bottom longline fishery operated in the EEZ of New Caledonia from 1988 to 1991. Fishing focused on five seamounts with summits at depths ranging from 500 to 750 m. The target species was alfonsino, Beryx splendens. As the soundings available from marine charts were not detailed enough, the fishing masters had to make their own charts in order to...
This paper deals with the influence of temperature on the growth of alfonsino, Beryx splendens, caught in New Caledonia at 23–25°S and 165–171°E. The mean temperature of the 0–500 m water layer was cross-correlated with the Southern Oscillation Index after the seasonal cycles were removed. It is shown that the interannual fluctuations of temperatur...
Age and growth of the alfonsino Beryx splendens from New Caledonia seamounts were determined by examination of whole and sectioned otoliths. One growth-ring (annulus) in the otoliths appears to be laid down each year. It consists of one opaque (summer, fast-growing) zone and one hyaline (winter, slowgrowing) zone. Thin-sections of otoliths revealed...
The ZoNeCo 2 cruise swath bathymetry, seismic reflection and magnetic data acquired over the basins and ridges forming the Loyalty system, revealed at 20°S the activity of a WSW-ENE-trending dextral strike-slip fault. This transverse boundary sliding zone between subduction to the north and collision to the south of 20°S, is interpreted as due to t...
Commercial and scientific bottom longline catches of alfonsino, #Beryx splendens$, from seamounts of New Caledonia were sampled to study length-frequency distributions. A total of 14,674 fish were measured. CPUE of #Beryx splendens$ on two seamounts is modelled in terms of length and depth. The data show that mean length increases with depth ; this...
... En Nouvelle Calédonie, de 1988 à 1991, plusieurs monts sous-marins furent exploités par une pêcherie à la palangre de fond. L'espèce cible, #Beryx splendens$, est un poisson bentho-pélagique largement distribué dans l'océan mondial à des profondeurs généralement comprises entre 200 et 800 m. Il est eurytherme et effectue des migrations nycthémé...
La campagne BERYX 11 fut la dernière de la série des campagne BERYX consacrées à l'étude des ressources halieutiques des monts sous-marins du sud-est de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. 30 traits de chalut de fond. 20 traits de chalut à perche et 10 traits de drague furent réalisés sur 6 monts sous-marins situés sur la ride de Norfolk, à des profondeurs comp...
De nombreux monts sous-marins d'origine volcanique sont présents dans la zone économique de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Ils sont particulièrement nombreux dans la partie sud-est de la zone où ils forment deux alignements caractéristiques sur la marge orientale de la zone de Norfolk et sur le prolongement sud de la ride des Loyauté. Certaines de ces formati...
Les prises commerciales et scientifiques de #Beryx splendens$ réalisées à la palangre de fond sur les monts sous-marins de Nouvelle-Calédonie ont été échantillonnées afin d'étudier, entre autres, les distributions de fréquences de longueurs. 16 674 poissons ont été mesurés. Les CPUE de #Beryx splendens$ sur deux monts sous-marins ont été modélisées...
Une population est un ensemble d'individus de même espèce occupant un même écosystème. L'exploitation d'une population se traduit par un accroissement de la pression de prédation qui, au-dessus d'un certain seuil, peut provoquer l'effondrement du stock (fraction exploitable de la population). Depuis quelques dizaines d'années, la gestion rationnell...
La campagne BERYX 8 fut la huitième d'une série consacrée à l'étude des ressources halieutiques des monts sous-marins situés au sud-est de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. En plus d'une palangre de fond, un chalut pélagique associé à un système de positionnement hydro-acoustique fut utilisé. 8 traits de chalut et 3 poses de palangre furent réalisés sur les m...
La campagne BERYX2 fut la seconde d'une série consacrée à l'étude des ressources halieutiques des monts sous-marins situés au sud-est de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. 19 traits de chalut de fond furent réalisés sur les monts B, D et K, à des profondeurs comprises entre 505 et 850 m. Les croches furent nombreuses. La diversité des prises fut relativement f...
La campagne BERYX 3 fut la cinquième d'une série consacrée à l'étude des ressources halieutiques des monts sous-marins situés au sud-est de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. 9 pêches furent réalisées sur les monts D et K avec une palangre de fond du même type que celle qui fut mise en oeuvre par le palangrier "Humboldt". Un total de 6450 hameçons fut mis à l'...
BERYX 5 fut la cinquième campagne d'une série consacrée à l'étude des ressources halieutiques des monts sous-marins situés au sud-est de la Nouvelle Calédonie. 8 pêches furent réalisées sur les monts B et K avec une palangre de fond du même type que celle qui fut mise en oeuvre par le palangrier "Humboldt". Un total de 8000 hameçons fut mis à l'eau...
BERYX 10 fut la dixième campagne d'une série consacrée à l'étude des ressources halieutiques des monts sous-marins situés au sud-est de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. 8 pêches furent réalisées sur les monts B, K et D avec une palangre de fond du même type que celle qui fut mise en oeuvre par le palangrier "Humboldt". Un total de 6000 hameçons fut mis à l'e...
Beryx 4 se déroula dans le sud-est de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, au sud de l'île des Pins. Les objectifs de cette courte campagne étaient : recherche de #Beryx$ spp. dans cette zone à l'aide d'une palangre de fond, capture aux casiers de #Nautilus macromphalus$, essais de la sonde CTD. La ligne fut la même que celle qui fut utilisée lors des précédente...
Les stocks de #Beryx splendens$ sur les monts sous-marins de Nouvelle-Calédonie ont été exploités entre 1988 et 1991 par un navire, le"Humboldt", utilisant la palangre de fond. Des raisons économiques ont provoqué l'interruption de cette pêcherie en juillet 1991. Durant la dernière campagne de 45 jours, l'embarquement d'un observateur a permis de r...
La campagne BERYX 1 fut la première d'une série consacrèe à l'étude des ressources halieutiques des monts sous-marins situés au sud-est de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. 9 pêches furent réalisées sur les monts sous-marins B etD avec une palangre de fond du même type que celle qui fut mise en oeuvre sur le palangrier "Humboldt". 750 hameçons furent mis à l'...