Patricia Navas

Universidad de Salamanca · Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos

Background We present the work conducted to arrive at deriving behavioural indicators that could be used to guide clinical judgement in determining the presence and severity of deficits in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour for the purpose of making a diagnosis of disorders of intellectual development. Methods An interdisciplinary exp...

This qualitative study was carried out in Spain with the aim of identifying the changes that the health system should make to improve healthcare access for older adults with intellectual disability. Three hundred and sixty‐nine family members and professionals expressed their opinion on how healthcare access could be improved. Participants responde...

Background Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) represent a particularly vulnerable group to the threats posed by COVID-19. However, they have not yet been given a voice on how their living conditions have been affected by COVID-19. Aims This study aims to report the impact on people with IDD of COVID-19 and the respo...

Aim This study analysed the impact that COVID-19 and the response measures implemented by the Spanish Government have had on families of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Method Data on 323 family members (M = 52.3 years old; SD = 10.5) were collected through an online survey, which was focused on analysing difficulties...

Background: Despite the benefits of community living for people with intellectual disabilities (ID) and extensive support needs, they remain highly institutionalized. Aims: To qualitatively analyze the perceptions of people with ID, including those with extensive support needs, professionals, and family members six months after the implementation o...

This article describes how rights, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the quality of life (QOL) framework are closely interrelated. Although legislation can be used as a tool for the practical application of QOL principles, QOL assessment information is required to further develop legislation and monitor the fulfillment of...

We describe the healthcare system for people with intellectual disability (ID) in Spain. First, we provide general population statistics before focusing on the most recent prevalence data related to people with disability in general, and with ID in particular. We also discuss how health care is organized. Most of the Spanish population is covered b...

HiLives: Incluir y conectar en la educación superior 2019-1-PT01-KA203-061312 Producto Intelectual 3 (Intellectual Output 3) IO3 Guía transnacional/europea de buenas prácticas para las instituciones de educación superior, los centros de enseñanza secundaria y los empleadores, con el objetivo de ayudar a los jóvenes adultos con IDD a acceder a la ed...

HiLives: Including and connecting in higher education 2019-1-PT01-KA203-061312. Intellectual Output 3 Transnational / European good practice guide for Higher Education Institutions, Secondary Schools and Employers, aiming to help young adults with IDD to access Higher Education and to start an independent life. UNIVERSIDAD DE SALAMANCA Organización...

HiLives: Incluindo e conectando-se no ensino superior 2019-1-PT01-KA203-061312 Produto intelectual 3 (Intellectual Output 3) Guia de boas práticas transnacional / europeu para Instituições de Ensino Superior, Escolas Secundárias e Empregadores, com o objetivo de ajudar os jovens adultos com DID a acederem ao Ensino Superior e a iniciarem uma vida i...

Background: Psychotropic medication is frequently administered to people with intellectual disability with mental health and/or behavioural problems, instead of other non-pharmacological interventions. This study describes the mental health and behavioural problems of people aging with intellectual disability, their psychotropic medication intake,...

Prior to the start of the pandemic, adults with intellectual disability (ID) were more likely to experience mental health difficulties and face barriers obtaining mental health care. COVID‐related public health restrictions, combined with heightened challenges to obtain timely mental health care, have served to worsen this situation internationally...

This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on psychological interventions with empirical evidence of efficacy in treating common psychiatric and behavioral disorders in people with intellectual disability (ID) at all stages of their life. We begin with a brief presentation of what is meant by psychiatric and behavioral disorders in this popu...

Nuestro mundo se ha visto transformado por el coronavirus y la infección que provoca. La gravedad de la enfermedad y las consecuencias del estado de alarma no afectan a todos por igual, siendo las personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo uno de los colectivos más vulnerables. El INICO y Plena inclusión realizaron un estudio con la fin...

Background: The empirical evidence accumulated on the efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency of psychotherapeutic treatments in children and adolescents calls for an update. The main goal of this paper objective was to carry out a selective review of empirically supported psychological treatments for a variety of common psychological disorders and...

El presente artículo refleja el impacto que la emergencia sanitaria y el periodo de confinamiento tuvieron en los profesionales del tercer sector que trabajan con población con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo. Se presentan los resultados de una encuesta que exploró sus condiciones de trabajo durante el periodo comprendido entre marzo y ju...

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto conocer los ajustes de procedimiento que se desarrollan durante los procesos judiciales ante hechos constitutivos de abuso o agresión sexual cuando la víctima presenta una discapacidad intelectual o del desarrollo (DID). Además, analiza las características de víctimas con DID y agresores, aportando información a...

People with intellectual disability (ID) and extensive support needs experience poorer quality of life than their peers whose disability is not as severe. Many of them live in residential settings that limit community participation and prevent them from exercising control over their lives. This work analyzes the extent to which professional practic...

Información sobre el instrumento: http://web.teaediciones.com/DABS-Escala-de-Diagnostico-de-Conducta-Adaptativa.aspx La DABS es una prueba diagnóstica fácil de aplicar destinada a la detección de déficits significativos en la conducta adaptativa, que es uno de los criterios requeridos para el diagnóstico de discapacidad intelectual y otros trastor...

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed disorders in children with intellectual disabilities (ID). However, the high variability of results in prevalence studies suggests problems that should be investigated further, such as the possible overlap between some ODD symptoms and challenging behaviors that are especia...

Background: As the world battles COVID-19, there is a need to study the perceptions of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) about the effects of the pandemic and associated lockdown on their lives. This work explores the perceptions of Spaniards with IDD during the lockdown with respect to four topics: access to informatio...

Life expectancy of people with intellectual disability (ID) has increased in recent decades. However, there is little evidence of whether these extra years of life are spent in good health. The aim of this study, conducted in Spain, is to obtain information about the prevalence of chronic health conditions in people with ID over the age of 44 and c...

Esta publicación, elaborada por INICO gracias al impulso de Plena Inclusión España y con el apoyo del Real Patronato sobre Discapacidad, forma parte del proyecto “Todos somos todos”, que tiene como objetivo conocer las condiciones de vida de las personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo que presentan una mayor necesidad de apoyos. Bajo...

El trabajo que se presenta responde a la necesidad urgente de identificar y comprender posibles necesidades de las personas con discapacidad intelectual que envejecen para mejorar la prestación de apoyos a este colectivo. Para ello, se analiza la calidad de vida de los usuarios del servicio de viviendas de Atzegi (N = 174), entre los cuales un 48 %...

Present work provides a general overview of the organization of Disability Studies as a scientific, recognized, and well-defined field of study within Spanish context. Although the starting point in the provision of supports towards individuals with disabilities was mainly conducted in the educational system (it was the main interest of special edu...

El presente estudio ha tenido como objetivos evaluar conductas protectoras para la salud y comportamientos de riesgo asociados a la aparición de enfermedades no transmisibles en estudiantes universitarios y poner en marcha intervenciones de promoción de la salud, basadas en principios motivacionales para promover el cambio y en las Nuevas Tecnologí...

Background: Students with intellectual disability need good practices under holistic approaches regarding assessment and intervention for guaranteeing their right for inclusive education. These practices are settled in Spain by the state-level educational policies which are specified via the regulations developed by each autonomous community. The v...

The aim of this study is to explore the prevalence of cognitive impairment in a sample of individuals with intellectual disability (ID) aged 35 years old and over, with the purpose of establishing an early diagnosis. Participants were 36 individuals with ID whose ages ranged from 35 to 61 years old, all of them receiving services at Fundación Perso...

Background: The right to educational inclusion for students with intellectual disability (SWID) requires the development of good assessment and intervention practices from holistic perspectives not exclusively focused on the academic limitations that SWID may present. These practices are settled in Spain, via regulations drawn up by each Autonomou...

Las personas con discapacidades intelectuales (DI) y del desarrollo que presentan una mayor necesidad de apoyos constituyen un grupo especialmente vulnerable en lo que a defensa y garantía de sus derechos se refiere. A pesar de ello, su situación no ha sido objeto prioritario de estudio ni han existido desarrollos específicos de política social par...

Background: People with developmental disabilities experience worse health than typically developing peers. This health differential is often described in terms of health disparities, which refers to differences caused or exacerbated by social or access issues. Objective: the goal of this study was to compare the weight status and health conditions...

Implementation of disability policy is influenced by social, political, and cultural factors. Based on published work, this article discusses four guidelines considered critical for successful policy implementation from a cross-cultural perspective. These guidelines are to: (a) base policy implementation on a contextual analysis, (b) employ a value...

The goal of this poster is to present the relationship between afore mentioned assessment instruments and how this relationship it is shown in a sample composed of 4 Spanish children with intellectual disability. Support needs were assessed through the Supports Intensity Scale for Children (SIS-C), adaptive behaviour through the Diagnostic Adaptive...

People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities have poorer health and face unique barriers to health care compared to people without disabilities. These health disparities can be partially attributed to physicians' limited knowledge about caring for patients with developmental disabilities. The purpose of this study...

The authors assessed available prevalence information regarding neuropsychiatric conditions among adults with Down syndrome (DS) and compared these findings among adults with other intellectual disability (non-DS). The study entailed a survey of 291 adults with DS living in Ohio (USA). Twenty-three percent of adults with DS reported having a co-occ...

Este estudio busca establecer si diferencias individuales en el constructo de Personalidad Eficaz (PE), que combina tanto prerrequisitos cognitivos, de motivación y sociopersonales para hacer frente a las distintas demandas del contexto, en profesores universitarios puede producir un efecto modulador sobre el Efecto Marco. Este efecto implica patro...

The Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS) was developed using item response theory (IRT) methods and was constructed to provide the most precise and valid adaptive behavior information at or near the cutoff point of making a decision regarding a diagnosis of intellectual disability. The DABS initial item pool consisted of 260 items. Using IRT m...

Children and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) often encounter a healthcare network that is limited in scope, size, and preparation.This system often results in lower quality of care and gaps in service owing substantially to the absence of appropriately trained providers.It is evident that the way in which we prepare ph...

Children and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are vulnerable to poor health outcomes and have difficulty accessing needed health care. With few exceptions, health care providers have limited knowledge, experience and comfort in caring for patients with IDD. Disability content is sorely lacking in healthcare curricula. T...

Background: The Diagnostic Adaptive Behaviour Scale (DABS) is a new standardised adaptive behaviour measure that provides information for evaluating limitations in adaptive behaviour for the purpose of determining a diagnosis of intellectual disability. This article presents validity evidence and reliability data for the DABS. Method: Validity e...

Resumen Los sistemas de clasificación y diagnóstico tales como el recién publicado DSM-5 o la futura CIE-11 proponen cambios importantes en lo que al rol de la conducta adaptativa se refiere, sobretodo en la función de diagnóstico. Las limitaciones significativas en conducta adaptativa pasan así a convertirse en indicadores de severidad de la disca...

http://blog.educalab.es/cniie/2014/11/05/publicacion-del-libro-envejecimiento-activo-y-discapacidad-intelectual/

The Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS) was constructed with items across three domains — Conceptual, Social, and Practical adaptive skills — and normed on a representative sample of American individuals from 4 to 21 years of age. The DABS was developed to focus its assessment around the decision point for determining the presence or absence...

Aunque las limitaciones significativas en conducta adaptativa se introducen como criterio diagnóstico de Discapacidad Intelectual (DI) en 1959, no existen instrumentos con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas dirigidos al diagnóstico de estos déficit en habilidades conceptuales, sociales y prácticas. El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en pre...

While the use of quality of life-related personal outcomes has been broadly reported during the last decade, little attention has been paid to the use of such data as a basis for developing and using Provider Profiles at the organizational and systems level. This article illustrates a way in which these evidence-based outcomes may be used not only...

Although the presence of significant limitations in adaptive behavior constitutes one of the three necessary criteria for diagnosing intellectual disability, adaptive behavior structure has always been the subject of considerable controversy among researchers. The main goal of this study is to extend previous research results that provide further s...

Background The changed societal views of persons with disabilities are reflected in the 2006 United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. However, what is not specified in the Convention is how to operationalise and measure the Articles composing the Convention, and how to use that information to further enhance the human r...

Most instruments that assess quality of life have been validated by means of the classical test theory (CTT). However, CTT limitations have resulted in the development of alternative models, such as the Rasch rating scale model (RSM). The main goal of this paper is testing and improving the psychometric properties of the INTEGRAL Quality of Life Sc...

Although adaptive behavior became a diagnostic criterion in the 5th edition of the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, AAIDD (Heber, 1959, 1961), there are no measures with adequate psychometric properties for diagnosing significant limitations in adaptive behavior according to the current conception of the construc...

The goal of this article consists of describing the calibration of an instrument to assess quality of life-related personal outcomes using Rasch analysis. The sample was composed of 3.029 recipients of social services from Catalonia (Spain) and was selected using a probabilistic polietapic sample design. Results related to unidimensionality, item a...

En las últimas décadas, las convenciones internacionales han procurado orientar las políticas públicas hacia la defensa de los derechos de las personas con discapacidad. La Convención Internacional sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad (Naciones Unidas, 2006) supone un salto cualitativo con respecto a tratados anteriores al establecer...

La Escala GENCAT aparece como el único instrumento que permite evaluar la calidad de vida individual de personas con drogodependencias desde una perspectiva diferente a la de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS). Dado que las propiedades psi-cométricas de la mencionada escala sólo se han estudiado para la muestra general de usuarios de s...

La conducta adaptativa se convirtió en uno de los criterios diagnósticos de discapacidad intelectual a partir de su inclusión en el año 1959 en la 5ª edi-ción de la Asociación Americana de Deficiencia Mental (AAMD). No obs-tante, no existe en la actualidad ningún instrumento con propiedades psi-cométricas adecuadas que permita discernir qué son y q...

The GENCAT Scale is the only tool used in the social services context that allows assessing individual quality of life of people with drug dependences and with a different framework from health related quality of life (HRQOL). Since psychometric properties of the scale have been only studied for the general sample composed of social service recipie...

The aim of this article is to develop and validate a specific tool to assess objective quality of life in elder people and people with disabilities who are social services recipients. The scale was developed in three steps: literature review, development of a pool of items, and panel of 15 experts evaluating the items idoneity, importance, and obse...

The diagnosis of intellectual disability and classification systems have been a main topic of interest to all those who try to understand this phenomenon and get a little closer to the complex intervention in this field. The aim of this article is to undertake a short historical tour on the implications, dangers and benefits of classification syste...