Patricia Keating

University of California, Los Angeles | UCLA · Department Of Linguistics

The abstract for this document is available on CSA Illumina.To view the Abstract, click the Abstract button above the document title.

The abstract for this document is available on CSA Illumina.To view the Abstract, click the Abstract button above the document title.

It is known that consonants in syllable onset position have closer oral constrictions than do coda consonants. Here, electropalatographic and acoustic data were used to determine whether onset consonants are also less sonorous (more obstruent‐like). The alveolar consonants /t d n l/ were compared in word‐initial (syllable onset) versus word‐final (...

This paper reports a set of studies of some phonetic characteristics of the American English represented in the TIMIT speech database. First we describe some relevant characteristics of TIMIT, and how we use the non-speech files on the TIMIT CD with a commercial database program. Two studies are then described: one using only the non-audio parts of...

This manual describes a set of conventions for the segmental phonetic transcription of the kind of speech that is found in spontaneous conversation. These conventions were developed for a project in which particular target words were segmented and labeled from the conversational utterances in the Switchboard corpus. The Switchboard corpus, collecte...

Articulatory and acoustic characteristics of various stop consonants in Czech, Hungarian, English, and Russian are compared: velars before back and before front vowels, palatalized velars, and palatals. The articulatory data consist of X-ray tracings and palatograms taken from the literature. The acoustic data consist of LPC spectra of brief interv...

This chapter explores a variety of possible coronal places of articulation. It focuses on a traditional place of articulation distinctions and some manner distinctions that are used to make fine place distinctions. The sublaminal retroflexes, attested most clearly for stops, would count as laminal in most feature systems. The other two types of ret...

Many experimental studies have shown that velar consonants have a more forward place of articulation in front vowel contexts than in back vowel contexts. On some accounts, such velar fronting is basically the same process as the secondary articulation of palatalization, and furthermore, both ?fronted? and ?palatalized? velars are equated with the ?...

Languages appear to differ in how much consonants coarticulate with vowels. Previously reported was an attempt to develop a metric of vowel effects on consonants so that quantitative comparisons of languages can be made. For each place of articulation in a given language, onset spectra are made of stop consonants before an /a/ vowel. Templates for...

It is often assumed in work on the phonological underspecification of segments that while representations may at first be underspecified, they end up fully specified. Various kinds of rules are posited to ensure that in output forms all features have values for all segments. In this paper I will consider an alternative view: that underspecification...

The five Russian vowels vary in auditory quality depending on their consonant contexts; one traditional reference gives several major and minor impressionistic allophones for each stressed vowel. The consonants are reported to be relatively unaffected by their vowel contexts, and to block vowel‐to‐vowel interactions. This paper presents a study of...

Consonants with secondary articulations, which involve simultaneous consonant and vowel‐like articulations, are found as contextual allophones in many languages and as independent phonemes in some languages. These consonants show special behavior with respect to vowel‐to‐vowel coarticulation, as determined from acoustic measurements. Phonemic secon...

A long recognized problem for linguistic theory has been to explain why certain sounds, sound oppositions, and sound sequences are statistically preferred over others among languages of the world. The formal theory of markedness, developed by Trubetzkoy and Jakobson in the early 1930's, and extended by Chomsky and Halle (1968), represents an attemp...

A language’s use of the phonetic vowel space depends not only on how many vowel phonemes the language has, but on how each phoneme varies allophonically across contexts. This study tests the hypothesis that Japanese vowel allophones, measured from a wide range of contexts, will not fill the vowel formant space. This was predicted because Japanese h...

This paper argues for a more structured view of the relation between the phonological feature [voice] and its specific phonetic implementations. Under the theory of universal phonetics proposed here, the implementation of [voice] is sharply constrained: the opposition is defined relatively, as more or less voicing, along a dimension consisting of e...

Through assimilation and other phonetic processes, a language may have more segments on the phonetic surface than in lexical representation. Consider English vowels: nasalized, long, front rounded, and central vowels are all introduced in derivations. Conceivably, then, languages could be much more similar phonetically than phonemically; possibly t...

Voiced and voiceless stops in initial position are known to differ in Voice Onset Time; they may also differ in closure duration and the duration of closure voicing. Besides the voicing distinction, such factors as the position of the stop in a word or utterance, the stop's place of articulation, and the stress of adjacent syllables will also affec...

Word duration in early child speech was examined through a longitudinal study of a set of frequently occurring words for three subjects. These samples were controlled for phonetic form. Durations were measured from wide- and narrow-band spectrograms. Results show that for some words, but not the majority, duration decreased over time; this effect d...

A series of experiments was carried out to compare the extent of range effects in the phonetic categorization of voice onset time (VOT) by speakers of Polish and of English, two languages which contrast different VOT categories. Results indicate that Poles are more prone to range effects than are Americans. For acoustic continua with appreciable nu...

In order to test the hypothesis that selective adaptation and range effects in speech perception are produced by the same proccesses, we compared the size of range effects and adaptation effects for monolingual Polish and English subjects. Previous work has indicated that Polish speakers show much larger range effects in phonetic categorization of...

A series of experiments was carded out to compare the extent of range effects in the phonetic categorization. of voice onset time (VOT} by speakers of Polish and of English, two languages which contrast different VOT categories. Results indicate that Poles are more prone to range effects than are Americans. For acoustic continua with apprable numbe...

The burst interval (i.e., VOT) following release of a voiceless unaspirated stop consonant has a duration that is somewhat longer for alveolars than for labials, and substantially longer for velars than for either. In the case of velars, the burst often consists of a sequence of two or more pulses. These facts may be explained in terms of a model w...

English and Polish use different Voice Onset Time (VOT) categories to contrast voiced and voicelesstops: short lag and long lag (English) versus prevoiced and short lag (Polish). When VOT is measured for word‐initial stops in minimal pairs, sentences, and conversation, the VOT distributions for voiced and voiceless stops are clearly separated in Po...

This study investigated the effects of lengthened transitions on the perception of stop consonants. In experiment I, three continua representing the phonetic categories [da] and [ga]containing transitions of 45, 95, or 145 ms were presented to 20 subjects for both labeling and discrimination. Results indicated that although there was a significant...

The acquisition of prosodic features by normal infants and children whose ages range from 10 days to 3 1 2 years is currently being investigated. In this report we will present data on the duration of single‐ and multisyllable words produced by a child who was tape recorded from 66 to 147 weeks of age. This sample consists of productions of utteran...

Fundamental frequency ranges of six normal infants and children from 33 to 169 weeks were determined by narrow-band spectrographic analysis. Fundamental frequency values ranged from 30 to 2500 Hz, well outside the values reported in previous studies of noncry utterances. The use of fry, modal, and high registers is also discussed.

In a study of optical cues to the visual perception of stress, three American English talkers spoke words that differed in lexical stress and sentences that differed in phrasal stress, while video and movements of the face were recorded. In a production analysis, stressed vs. unstressed syllables from these utterances were compared along many measu...

Faculty and students in the UCLA Phonetics Laboratory are linguists who want to describe the segmental and suprasegmental phonetic properties of languages, to relate these phonetic descriptions to phonological properties, and to explore the broader theoretical relation of phonetics to phonology. This presentation will survey some of our recent proj...

Speech production is highly sensitive to the prosodic organization of utterances. This paper reviews some of the ways in which articulation varies according to prosodic prominences and boundaries.

Available in film copy from University Microfilms International. Typescript. Vita. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Brown University, 1980. Bibliography: leaves 238-242.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Brown University, 1980. Photocopy of typescript.