Pascal Neige

• Professor
• Professor (Full) at Université Bourgogne Europe

The second-order Pliensbachian–Toarcian crisis affected major groups of marine organisms. While its impact has been intensively studied for ammonites, the response of belemnites is only currently emerging through quantitative studies. Novel overall and regional diversity analyses suggest that belemnite richness in the NW-Tethys drops at the Pliensb...

This study explores body size in sepiids ( Cephalopoda , Sepiidae) on the interspecific scale and provides an overview of their geographical distribution. Results reveal a highly skewed distribution of body size variation for raw values and a nearly normal distribution for log-transformed data. However, normality is not statistically validated due...

Although belemnites form a major clade of extinct cephalopods, the early stage of their diversification remains poorly known in time and space. Here we investigate the first diversification episodes of belemnites (order Belemnitida) using a new species-level database encompassing the Hettangian-Aalenian interval (Early Jurassic-earliest Middle Jura...

Molluscs are known for their ability to produce a calcified shell resulting from a genetically controlled and matrix-mediated process, performed extracellularly. The occluded organic matrix consists of a complex mixture of proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that are in most cases secreted by the mantle epithelium. To our knowledge, the mod...

Molluscs are one of the most diversified phyla among metazoans. Most of them produce an external calcified shell, resulting from the secretory activity of a specialized epithelium of the calcifying mantle. This biomineralization process is controlled by a set of extracellular macromolecules, the organic matrix. In spite of several studies, these co...

Body size changes have been investigated through episodes of environmental crisis among several groups of organisms but the relative contribution of within-lineage size changes, selective extinction and origination of taxa on these patterns is still being debated. Rapid warming, anoxia, and perturbations of the carbon cycle linked with volcanic act...

Body size changes have been investigated through episodes of environmental crisis among several groups of organisms but the relative contribution of within-lineage size changes, selective extinction and origination of taxa on these patterns is still being debated. Rapid warming, anoxia, and perturbations of the carbon cycle linked with volcanic act...

Modularity and integration are variational properties expressed at various levels of the biological hierarchy. Mismatches among these levels, for example developmental modules that are integrated in a functional unit, could be informative of how evolutionary processes and trade‐offs have shaped organismal morphologies as well as clade diversificati...

A comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis for Devonian phacopid trilobites of the genus Austerops has not previously been proposed. We carried out a cladistic analysis of the 13 species and subspecies assigned to Austerops, based on a data matrix of 63 characters. Two species of the morphologically very similar genus Chotecops, C. auspex and C. hoser...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194575.].

Evolutionary radiations are fascinating phenomena corresponding to a dramatic diversification of taxa and a burst of cladogenesis over short periods of time. Most evolutionary radiations have long been regarded as adaptive but this has seldom been demonstrated with large-scale comparative datasets including fossil data. Originating in the Early Jur...

Dataset of echinoid occurrence records. Occurrence records of the 664 fossil species of echinoids recorded worldwide for the eight geological stages of the studied time period based on the literature [72, 73, 74, 75]. Type species names are in bold. First Appearance Datum (FAD) and Last Appearance Datum (LAD) given in million of years Before Presen...

Dataset of landmark and semi-landmark coordinates. Coordinates of landmarks (LM) and semi-landmarks (SLM) used to depict ambitus and peristome outlines of each species. (XLSX)

Morphological space detailed for each echinoid clade. All specimens of echinoid are plotted in light grey along the first two components of the PCA (see Fig 4). The respective specimens of each clade are highlighted in dark (regular clades) or in color (irregular clades). (EPS)

Compared total diversity and disparity values for each clade. Plot of morphological disparity expressed as the Mean Pairwise Distance (MPD) against taxonomic diversity in number of species for the studied time interval. Poly: Polycidaridae, Cid: Cidaridae, Aulo: Aulodonts, Hemi: Hemicidaridae, Ps: Pseudodiadematidae, Cal: Calycina, Ech: Echinacea,...

Morphological space of echinoid disparity plotted for each geological stage. For each stage, only species occurring at that time period are plotted in the PCA. (EPS)

Testing for the significance of disparity differences. To test for the significance of differences in disparity between clades null distribution models were computed for each clade and each time interval following the method developed by Losos and Miles [21] and Neige et al. [18]. The measured disparity values expressed as Mean Pairewise Distances...

Echinoid disparity and diversity detailed for each clade and each geological stage. Grey shaded bars of histograms show diversity values expressed as species richness for each geological stage (left axis, in number of species). Red curves show disparity values expressed as Mean Pairwise Distance for each geological stage (right axis). Error bars co...

http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/g2018v40a4.pdf. The present paper deals with the systematic description of the belemnite assemblages from the Lower Jurassic, collected at the Roche Blain quarry, Fresney-le-Puceux. In spite of the reduced thickness of the succession at Fresney-le-Puceux, 13 successive ammonite chronozon...

Des abysses aux sommets, embarquez pour un voyage extraordinaire à la rencontre des merveilles de la Nature! Depuis 4 milliards d'années, l'évolution ne cesse d'inventer des formes et des modes de vie qui surprennent et qui font la biodiversité actuelle. Ce livre vous fait découvrir 101 espèces animales et végétales, parfois disparues, parmi les pl...

New coleoid cephalopods are described from statolith remains from the Middle Eocene (Middle Lutetian) of the Paris Basin. Fifteen fossil statoliths are identified and assigned to the Sepiidae (Sepia boletzkyi sp. nov.,? Sepia pira sp. nov.), Loliginidae (Loligo clarkei sp. nov.), and Ommastrephidae (genus indet.) families. The sediments containing...

In this chapter, we shall explore a variety of cases of evolutionary radiations in the fossil record. The case studies are chosen for their exemplary value. The Cambrian explosion over 500 million years ago is striking because of the emergence of a particularly diversified abundance of life. The ammonites – a clade that lived for over 350 million y...

Amellago, Morocco, January 2001. After 3 days trekking through the mountains of the Moroccan high atlas, a French/Moroccan team of paleontologists and geologists, of which I was a member, reached a rich outcrop of fossils. Amongst the fossils we found seven specimens of ammonites. These marine cephalopod mollusks are easily identifiable by their sp...

An evolutionary radiation is a rapid increase in the diversity of a clade. The diversity of the clade is generally measured by a taxonomic value (the number of species, genera, etc.). This diversification indicates a very positive balance between the number of apparitions and the number of extinctions of taxa within the clade. At a time t + 1, ther...

The history of biodiversity on the planet Earth could be compared to a work of theater. Biodiversity is a word which has been on the lips of many, often with a note of concern in the speaker’s voice. Yet what is biodiversity? The word simply denotes the variety of biological organisms. When you walk through a forest, when you dive into the sea, whe...

An evolutionary trend is a pattern of traits shifting in a given direction over a sufficiently long period of time to be detected. In this study, we examine trends among Jurassic ammonoids. First, a compilation of selected literature on evolutionary patterns and trends leads to the conclusion that such trends have rarely been studied among Jurassic...

The fossil record offers a surprising image: that of evolutionary radiations characterized by intense increases in cash or by the sudden diversification of a single species group, while others stagnate or die out. In a modern world, science carries an often pessimistic message, surrounded by studies of global warming and its effects, extinction cri...

Contrairement à une idée répandue, la Terre a la capacité de voir sa biodiversité augmenter brusquement. Cet ouvrage présente une méthode d’exploration de l’histoire de la biodiversité au cours des temps géologiques. Il analyse les cas possibles de radiations évolutives dans ses différents contextes. Les événements d’augmentation de la biodiversité...

A gastropod fauna has been studied from upper Pliensbachian – upper Toarcian deposits of two sections of the Causses Basin (southern France) in order to investigate the mode of recovery after the early Toarcian anoxic event. The fauna consists of 15 species, one of which is new (Bathrotomaria kronzwilmesorum sp. nov.). Their stratigraphical distrib...

Belemnites (Belemnitida) played a major role in marine ecosystems at Jurassic and Cretaceous times. Their fossil record suggests a successful diversification already during the Early Jurassic, with a peak during the Toarcian. The aim of this study is to explore the radiation of belemnites at the scale of the western Tethys, and adjacent areas, from...

Jurassic belemnites represent promising proxies especially for palaeoecological and also paleobiogeographical reconstructions. However, basic knowledge on taxonomic composition, biostratigraphy and diversity of Lower Jurassic belemnites is still dramatically low, especially for France. The present study provides new data on belemnites from the sout...

Evolutionary radiations have been extensively studied especially in the fossil record and in the context of postcrisis recoveries. The concept of adaptive radiation that emerges from this very broad topic explicitly involves the effect of adaptation driven by ecological opportunity and is considered to be of the foremost importance. It is essential...

We devised a simple model for assessing the role of development in shaping the evolution of morphological disparity. Disparity of a clade at any given time is expressed in terms of the developmental dynamics that lead to the variety of adult morphotypes observed. We use assumed phenotypic manifestations of developmental processes, as they could be...

The explosive ammonoid rediversification after the Permian–Triassic mass extinction is now well understood in terms of taxonomic richness and biogeography. using an updated dataset of Early Triassic ammonoids, we compare morphological disparity and taxonomic richness patterns at the regional and global scales. Disparity evolved similarly at both sc...

This paper illustrates the potentialities of a home-made portable LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) instrument in Earth sciences, more particularly in geochemically recognizing (i) tephra layers in lacustrine sed-iments and (ii) fossilization processes in ammonites. Abundances for selected lines of Al, Ca, Fe, Ti, Ba and Na were determine...

Conservation biologists and palaeontologists are increasingly investigating the phylogenetic distribution of extinctions and its evolutionary consequences. However, the dearth of palaeontological studies on that subject and the lack of methodological consensus hamper our understanding of that major evolutionary phenomenon. Here we address this issu...

Ammonite phylogenetic trees for the 3 chronozones and 10 subchronozones of the early Pliensbachian. Species in red are those becoming extinct during the interval. (PDF)

Moran's I and Pearson's ϕ correlograms for the 10 subchronozones of early Pliensbachian. In each graph the grey line corresponds to the upper 95% limit of the null model. (PDF)

Application of Moran's I to extinction and survival patterns. A: Simple theoretical phylogenetic hypothesis for five species (A–E), among which species A and B become extinct in a same time interval (daggers); B: Vector corresponding to the coding of either extinctions or survivals as used by the Moran's I. Note that only this vector differs betwee...

The Pliensbachian–Toarcian crisis (Early Jurassic) is one of the major Mesozoic paleoecological disturbances when ca. 20% of marine and continental families went extinct. Contemporaneously, profound paleobiogeo-graphical changes occurred in most oceanic domains including a disruption of ammonite provincialism during the Early Toarcian. Here, we qua...

Biogeography is a scienti’c discipline that is concerned with the geographic distribution of organisms across the earth (Upchurch et al., 2006). Thus it is essentially a question of spatial arrangement of biodiversity across a range of scales. At the broadest scale, biodiversity is spatially heterogeneous, but not randomly distributed. This nonrand...

The Pliensbachian–Toarcian interval was marked by major environmental disturbances and by a second-order mass extinction. Here, we reappraise the taxonomic, spatiotemporal and selective dynamics of extinctions over the whole interval, by analysing a high-resolution dataset of 772 ammonite species from NW Tethyan and Arctic domains. On average, 40–6...

We compare 110 Spirula shells from five geographical areas. Morphometry provides a criterion for determining when shell growth ends (decrease in whorl height). Characteristics of adult shells apparently vary with geographical origin: specimens from Madagascar, New Zealand and Brazil are larger than those from North-West Africa and Australia. These...

Résumé Les ammonoïdes qui perdurent 335 Ma constituent un modèle de choix dans l'analyse du fait évolutif. Cet article de synthèse se propose d'aborder (1) : leur place phylogénétique au sein des céphalopodes et le choix d'un modèle actuel de référence ; (2) : la construction d'espaces phénotypiques qui offrent un angle d'étude pertinent de l'évolu...

A set of published, unpublished, and new clay mineral data from 60 European and Mediterranean localities allows us to test the reliability of clay minerals as palaeoclimatic proxies for the Pliensbachian–Toarcian period (Early Jurassic) by reconstructing spatial and temporal variations of detrital fluxes at the ammonite biochronozone resolution. In...

For decades, theoretical morphological studies of different groups of organisms have been successfully pursued in biological, paleontological, and computational contexts, often with distinct modeling approaches and research questions. A regular influx of new perspectives and varied expertise has contributed to the emergence of a veritable multidisc...

Here, we advance novel uses of allometric spaces--multidimensional spaces specifically defined by allometric coefficients--with the goal of investigating the focal role of development in shaping the evolution of morphological disparity. From their examination, operational measures of allometric disparity can be derived, complementing standard signa...

The ammonite genus Alocolytoceras Hyatt, 1900 is an uncommon lytoceratid with distinctive shell ornament. A set of 58 specimens, recently collected at Amellago in the central High Atlas (Morocco), has enabled us to trace a succession of three species over eight biozones from the Toarcian to the Aalenian. Two specimens from the Lusitanian Basin are...

This work is dedicated to the study of the rich ammonite faunas of the Pliensbachian and early Toarcian of the Roche Blain quarry (Calvados, France). About fifty Pliensbachian species have been collected in this fossiliferous locality. They are distributed in a dozen of distinct levels. Faunas are sometimes condensed. All the collected species are...

Two major research themes in Evolutionary Developmental Biology and in Paleobiology, respectively, have each become central for the analysis and interpretation of morphological changes in evolution: the study of ontogeny/phylogeny connections, mainly within the widespread and controversial framework of heterochrony; and the study of morphological d...

The Middle Jurassic ammonite radiation (from the late Aalenian to the end of the mid-Bathonian) is traced using combined analyses of morphological disparity and taxonomic diversity. The global signals of disparity and diversity are compared. These signals are then broken down by paleogeographical provinces to detect any heterogeneity in the radiati...

Ontogenetic and then heterochronic approaches are used here to analyze sexual differentiation within two well-known Jurassic dimorphic species. This analysis compares two ways of determining the relative biological age of ammonites, one using size (diameter) and the other the number of septa as a proxy of age. The shape standard is established from...

One of the most popular activities among paleontologists is to attribute species names to fossil specimens and then to classify species in a hierarchical pattern: the so-called Linnaean classification. This taxonomic activity is vital, ensuring a large corpus of knowledge of past life across geological times. By-products are: the study of biodivers...

Cuttlefishes exhibit several hard structures that have been charac-terised using morphometric analysis. Most of these data come from cuttlebones, al-though statoliths and beaks are also used. It appears that morphometric techniques are mainly used for taxonomic purposes. However, some analyses have emphasised functional morphology and macroevolutio...

Multivariate analysis of shell characters and quantification of morphological diversity (morphospace occupation and disparity) are used here to investigate the modes of morphological diversification of ammonites. We define five events in early cardioceratid history that connect geo-graphical changes causing emigration or immigration phases with bio...

The exploration of evolutionary patterns over geological time has recently received new impetus from the development of morphological disparity as a new biodiversity metric alongside taxonomic diversity. Clade dynamics can be analyzed by comparing and contrasting these two metrics. Like any metrics based on sampling, quantification, and naming, tax...

Résumé. – Les paléontologues disposent de la morphologie des restes fossilisés pour proposer des hypothèses phylogé-nétiques et de la succession stratigraphique des taxons pour placer ces hypothèses dans le contexte temporel. Chez les ammonites, dont l'enregistrement fossile est réputé de haute qualité, les auteurs ont cependant eu tendance à privi...

A new faunal assemblage of six ammonite species is described. It comes from the Domerian beds (Margaritatus zone, Subnodosus subzone, Gloriosus horizon) of the section of Água de Maderios (São Pedro de Muel, Portugal). This assemblage is constituted on one hand by typical NW European species belonging to the genus Tragophylloceras, Amaltheus and Am...

This paper studies the very first Lusitanian ammonites. These late Sinemurian (Obtusum Zone) forms are found in two distinctly marly layers within the mainly calcareous "Coimbra Beds s.s." which crop out north of São Pedro de Muel (Portugal). These ammonites are endemic taxa belonging to the groups Ptycharietites ptychogenos (Pompeckj) and Ptychari...

Two samples of ammonoids belonging to the Oppeliidae, Sublunuloceras virguloidesHecticoceras (Brightii) canaliculatum, are analyzed to estimate the intraspecific variability of embryonic shell features. The study of embryonic shell characters reveals two main shapes of protoconch, flattened and round. Prosiphons may be straight or slightly curved....

Reçu le 19 mai 2003 ; accepté le 17 septembre 2003 Rédigé à l'invitation du Comité éditorial Résumé La théorie macroévolutive est abordée sous des aspects historiques, puis sous un de ses aspects plus novateurs, qui aboutit à l'élaboration d'un programme de recherche initié par différentes équipes depuis une dizaine d'années : il consiste à découpl...

Aim Diversity and disparity metrics of all Recent cuttlefishes are studied at the macroevolutionary scale (1) to establish the geographical biodiversity patterns of these cephalopods at the species level and (2) to explore the relationships between these two metrics. Location Sampling uses what is known about these tropical, subtropical and warm te...

The genera usually considered into the Bouleiceratinae subfamily belong in fact to different lineages of the Hildoceratidae family. An approach using paleogeographical, stratigraphical and morphological arguments on one hand and a cladistic approach on the other hand have allowed to separate 3 clusters with different paleogeographical and stratigra...

Diversity and disparity metrics of recent cuttlefishes are studied at the macroevolutionary scale to establish the geographical biodiversity patterns of these cephalopods at species level and to explore the relationship between these two metrics. One hundred and eleven species distributed in 17 biogeographic areas serve as basic units to explore th...