Pascal Edouard

Université Jean Monnet · Faculté de Médecine

Although hamstring injuries represent a high proportion of injuries and a high injury burden in professional football, little attention has been given to under - standing typical patterns of hamstring injuries. Understanding injury causation represents one key factor in injury risk mitigation. We conducted a systematic video analysis to investigate...

This study aimed to explore how stakeholders in athletics perceived the relevance of injury prevention, determine their communication preferences, and describe their expectations regarding injury prevention. We conducted a cross-sectional study using an exploratory online survey with high-level athletes (i.e., listed by the French ministry of sport...

Background Performance success or failure in athletics (Track and Field) and the capacity to succeed are driven at the adult level, like in other sports, by many factors, injury being one of them. More information regarding the potential relationships between performance and injuries in athletics is needed. Objective To analyse the potential assoc...

Sprint running consists in covering a given distance in the shortest time possible (or the largest distance in a given time of action) and is one of the key performance determinants in many sports. From a metabolic standpoint, sprint running performance determines the quantities of metabolic energy needed to achieve the corresponding time-displacem...

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the interdisciplinary field of biomechanics and its importance in the evaluation of running. We will shortly describe the basic principles and origins of this scientific field and go into further details of new technical innovations. Then, a comprehensive overview of laboratory and field-based biomechanica...

The aim was to determine the respective influences of sprinting maximal power output (PHmax) and mechanical Force‐velocity (F‐v) profile (i.e. ratio between horizontal force production capacities at low and high velocities) on sprint acceleration performance. A macroscopic biomechanical model using an inverse dynamics approach applied to the athlet...

Résumé Introduction Les lésions des ischiojambiers représentent 12,7 % des blessures chez les footballeuses. Elles surviennent principalement dans les actions de sprint et d’accélération. Aussi, l’objectif de cette étude a été de déterminer s’il existait une association entre l’entraînement au sprint et la survenue des lésions musculaires des isch...

Context Hamstring muscle injury location using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not so well described in the literature. Objective To describe the location of hamstring injuries using MRI. Data Sources PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library. Study Selection The full text of studies, in English, had to be available. Case...

Track and field (athletics) is an Olympic sport composed of several different disciplines: sprints, hurdles, jumps, throws, combined events, middle and long distances, marathon, and race walking. The practice of track and field leads to a risk of injuries. A clear knowledge of the epidemiology of injuries is of great interest as a first step of inj...

Given the risk of injuries lead by the track and field (Athletics) practice, the prevention of injuries in track and field represents an important area for athletes and all stakeholders, such as coaches, health professionals, family, sports scientists, managers, sponsors, as well as international and national govern bodies. Using a step-by-step app...

Objective: To closely describe the injury inciting events of acute hamstring injuries in professional male football (soccer) using systematic video analysis. Methods: Video footage from four seasons (2014–2019) of the two highest divisions in German male football was searched for moderate and severe (ie, time loss of >7 days) acute non-contact and...

Objectives To identify individual characteristics associated with the adoption of injury risk reduction programmes (IRRP) and to investigate the variations in sociocognitive determinants (ie, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and intentions) of IRRP adoption in athletics (track and field) athletes. Methods We conducted a c...

Background: After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), quadriceps strength must be maximized as early as possible. Objectives: We tested whether local vibration training (LVT) during the early post-ACLR period (i.e., ∼10 weeks) could improve strength recovery. Methods: This was a multicentric, open, parallel-group, randomized control...

Background: The goal of a rehabilitation programme after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is to manage a patient's goals and expectations (i.e., returning to physical activities and sports) while minimizing the risk of new injury, particularly a new ACL injury. Although general rehabilitation programmes have been proposed, some fact...

International outdoor athletics championships are typically hosted during the summer season, frequently in hot and humid climatic conditions. Therefore, we analysed the association between apparent temperature and heat‐related illnesses occurrence during international outdoor athletics championships and compared its incidence rates between athletic...

Objectives It has been claimed that analyses of large datasets from publicly accessible, open-collaborated (“citizen science-based”) online databases may provide additional insight into the epidemiology of injuries in professional football. However, this approach comes with major limitations, raising critical questions about the current trend of ut...

Background During pole vault, a high level of energy is transferred from horizontal speed of athlete to the pole. Several ways of performing the pole vault exist, and could be associated with specific injury risk. Objective To analyse the potential association between the biomechanical patterns of pole vault and the history of injuries. Design Re...

Background Stress fracture is a frequent injury among athletics athletes. During international Athletics championships, although stress fractures represented a small percentage of all injuries (2.9% of all injuries and 4.9% of in-competition time-loss injuries for female athletes), it exists and should not be neglected, because it could be one symp...

Background Nordic skiing consist of cross-country skiing (CC), ski jumping (SJ) and Nordic combined (NC). Only little injury and illness data from elite competitions in these sports are currently available. Objective To analyse injuries and illnesses during the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2021. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting FIS...

Background Handball is one of the most traumatic Olympic sports, with a growing number of participants. Large sample size epidemiological studies across various playing levels are lacking in this sport. Objective To determine injury incidence over one season of the French championship and according to sex, level of play and time schedule as well a...

Background Competing in international athletics championships bears the risk of injury. Athletics is composed of different disciplines with different physical, mechanical, technical and psychological demands, leading to different injury rates according to disciplines. However, the specific injury characteristics according to disciplines have not b...

Background A test battery is recommended after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) to help decision-making of return to sport (RTS). Running is important in RTS continuum, but it is currently not included in the usual test batteries. Could running pattern asymmetry, which can be observed after ACLR, be considered as a risk factor of AC...

Background Injuries and illnesses represent a health problem affecting athletics athletes’ training and performance. Recently, research on injury and illness epidemiology and risk factors have provided some insights to help implement prevention strategies. The next step is presenting the science, in an engaging form that can assist medical teams, c...

Objective: To test the efficacy of the Athletics Injury Prevention Programme (AIPP) to reduce the percentage of athletes presenting at least one injury complaint leading to participation restriction (ICPR) over an athletics season. Methods: During the 2017-2018 athletics season, we included in this cluster randomised controlled trial (ClinicalTr...

Résumé Introduction L’objectif principal de l’étude était d’analyser la corrélation pouvant exister entre la douleur ressentie lors d’une lésion musculaire des ischiojambiers et la taille de la lésion visualisée à l’imagerie par résonance magnétique. Les objectifs secondaires étaient d’étudier la corrélation entre la douleur à 24 heures et le volu...

Clear decreases in horizontal force production capacity during sprint acceleration have been reported after hamstring injuries (HI) in football players. We hypothesized that lower FH0 is associated with a higher HI occurrence in football players. We aimed to analyze the association between sprint running horizontal force production capacities at lo...

Purpose: Sprint kinematics have been linked to hamstring injury and performance. This study aimed to examine if a specific 6-week multimodal intervention, combining lumbopelvic control and unning technique exercises, induced changes in pelvis and lower-limb kinematics at maximal speed and improved sprint performance. Methods: Healthy amateur ath...

Background After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), the decision to allow a return to running is empirical, and the post-operative delay is the most-used criterion. The Quadriceps isokinetic-strength Limb Symmetry Index (Quadriceps LSI), with a cutoff of 60%, could be a useful criterion. Objective To determine the association betwee...

Résumé Contexte Les lésions musculaires des ischio-jambiers sont fréquentes dans les sports impliquant de la course à grande vitesse et peuvent avoir diverses conséquences. Des programmes de prévention ont été élaborés pour réduire le risque de survenue de ces blessures, mais dans la pratique, et en dehors du contexte expérimental, leur efficacité...

Dans les sports nécessitant des sprints et accélérations avec des changements brusques de directions, les lésions musculaires des ischio-jambiers (IJ) sont parmi les blessures les plus fréquentes avec une prévalence sur une saison d’environ 20% des sportifs. C’est le cas par exemple du rugby où cette blessure est parmi celles qui induisent aussi le...

Resumen El isocinetismo existe desde hace unos 40 años en los centros de rehabilitación, los clubes deportivos profesionales y, más recientemente, en el sector privado para determinadas profesiones paramédicas como, por ejemplo, la kinesiterapia. El uso del modo isocinético en la rehabilitación es pertinente en el marco del acondicionamiento muscul...

Governments have restricted public life during the COVID-19 pandemic, inter alia closing sports facilities and gyms. As regular exercise is essential for health, this study examined the effect of pandemic-related confinements on physical activity (PA) levels. A multinational survey was performed in 14 countries. Times spent in moderate-to-vigorous...

Most countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic have repeatedly restricted public life in order to control the contagion. However, the health impact of confinement measures is unclear, hitherto. We performed a multinational survey investigating changes in mental and physical well-being (MWB/PWB) during the first wave of the pandemic. A total of 14...

Objective To analyse the rates of lower limb muscle injuries in athletics disciplines requiring different running velocities during international athletics championships. Design Prospective total population study. Methods During 13 international athletics championships (2009 - 2019) national medical teams and local organizing committee physicians...

To train hamstring muscle specifically to sprint, strengthening programs should target exercises associated with horizontal force production and high levels of hamstring activity. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to analyze the correlation between force production capacities during sprinting and hamstring strengthening exercises, and to...

Lesions of the Musculotendinous Unit (MTU, i.e. tendon, myotendinous junction, muscle, aponeurosis and myoaponeurotic junction) are a common injury and a leading cause of functional impairment, long-term pain, and/or physical disability worldwide. Though a large effort has been devoted to macroscopic failure evaluation, these injuries suffer from a...

No abstract available

Résumé Introduction L’objectif principal de notre étude a été de comparer les caractéristiques des finishers par rapport aux abandonneurs dans une population de coureurs d’Ultra-Trail proche des barrières horaires. Méthodes Il s’agissait d’une étude observationnelle, descriptive et comparative portant sur deux courses d’Ultra-Trail françaises mon...

An association has been reported between dynamic anterior pelvic tilt (APT) and hamstring injuries; however, no research has examined if a training-based preventive intervention could alter APT. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine if a specific 6-week multimodal intervention, based on the theoretical influence of neighbouring joi...

In order to study Musculo-Tendinous Unit (MTU) failure mechanisms and locations, rupture tests in mode I were performed through tensile tests (in the fibre and transverse directions) as well as peeling tests (to better investigate the transverse cohesion between muscle fibres), and mode II through shear lap tests (either at the muscle/muscle or mus...

Objectives: To analyse the data on skydiving deaths and injuries collected prospectively by the French Parachuting Federation (FFP) between 2010 and 2019. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Data on number of skydiving deaths and injuries were collected prospectively between January 2010 and December 2019, among all skydivers licensed t...

Muscle strength imbalances between the internal and external rotators of the shoulder are frequent in swimmers, but their role in shoulder injury remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association of shoulder rotator strength and injury in elite adolescent swimmers. Eighteen adolescent swimmers performed preseason isokinetic tests of the interna...

Introduction Better understanding the psychological consequences of an injury and its influence on behavior changes and the implementation of a prevention program seems relevant for injury management (treatment and prevention). Thus, the objective of this present study was (1) to analyze the perception of injury by athletes, and (2) to analyze the...

Confinement measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have caused substantial reductions in global physical activity (PA) levels. In view of the manifold health benefits of PA, the development of interventions counteracting this trend is paramount. Our survey with 15,261 participants (38±15 years, 58.5% females) examined preferences towards digital hom...

https://blogs.bmj.com/bjsm/2020/08/09/healthy-return-to-performance-in-elite-athletes-and-para-athletes-after-the-covid-19-lockdown/

Objectives To analyse the potential association between in-competition injuries and performance success (determined as “winning a medal”) in combined events during international athletics championships. Methods Newly incurred injuries were prospectively reported daily by the national medical teams and/or by the local organising committee physician...

Introduction Hamstring muscle injuries (HMI) continue to plague professional football. Several scientific publications have encouraged a multifactorial approach; however, no multifactorial HMI risk reduction studies have been conducted in professional football. Furthermore, individualisation of HMI management programmes has only been researched in...

We aimed to determine whether an Athletics Injury Prevention Programme (AIPP), targeting the most common athletics injuries, can reduce the occurrence of injury complaints that lead to restrictions in athletics participation (participation restriction injury complaints) in the short (12 weeks) and long (40 weeks) terms. For our 40-week prospective...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate improvements in functional performance through the use of the Limb Symmetry Index of Single and Triple Hop tests between 12 and 52 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and to compare these values with usual time-based and performance-based criteria used during the return to sport continuum...

Aims The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of hamstring eccentric (NHE) strength training versus sprint training programmed as complements to regular soccer practice, on sprint performance and its mechanical underpinnings, as well as biceps femoris long head (BFlh) architecture. Methods In this prospective interventional control stu...

Résumé Introduction Les blessures de l’épaule au handball sont fréquentes. La proposition des stratégies de prévention passe par l’identification des facteurs de risque modifiables. Dans ce contexte, les fonctions sensorimotrices de l’épaule devraient être investiguées. Objectif Évaluer les liens éventuels entre la survenue des blessures de l’épa...