Parmjit Singh

• Professor
• Head of Msc in Mathematics Education at MARA University of Technology

Students have personal experience adjusting to face-to-face and virtual learning in any hybrid teaching and learning activity. In a hybrid classroom, engagement is always emphasised as a significant factor in academic achievement. Nevertheless, their engagement is expected to be inconsistent, particularly since they face challenges coping with the...

Abstrak: The advancement of technology has urged all teachers to use technology in teaching, particularly difficult subjects like mathematics. However, the diverse backgrounds applied result in varying guidance and insights on teaching and learning, despite the common use of multimedia in mathematics education. This study highlighted some important...

After students spend approximately 12 years of formal math learning from high school, they bring a store of enormous “learned” mathematics factual knowledge to face the challenges and prepare for college/tertiary level learning. However, research has shown that early tertiary-level students struggle to learn college mathematics. The ability to thin...

This paper attempts to investigate various facets of the multi-layered dynamics of open-book exams, from student perceptions, preferences, academic performance and satisfaction, to the highly relevant issue of academic integrity. Unfortunately, despite some controversies regarding academic integrity and the repercussions of open-book exams, very fe...

Learning algebra is a difficult process that necessitates a positive attitude in order to maintain interest and master key concepts. Previous research found that students' attitudes influenced their algebra learning. As a result, more input is required to observe the current influence of attitudes on algebra learning. This study aims to investigate...

Teachers have a fundamental influence on students' academic achievements and attitudes towards learning. However, understanding the extent of teachers' effects on students’ attitudes requires further exploration, particularly given the importance of inner educational components in the digital age. This study investigates the connection between teac...

Teaching algebraic topics needs more exceptional efforts to make connections among the topics. Prior research has emphasised students' accomplishments in specific subject areas, but there is a deficiency in analysing students' skills in a few related subject areas. This study seeks to determine the extent to which students comprehend the relationsh...

The COVID-19 Pandemic has proven to be one of the enormous disruptions in educational institutions globally, including Indonesia. Keeping aside the fiscal working of these institutions, no institution wanted to compromise on the quality of education given to the students, especially in online learning practices. Holding traditional examinations pro...

Purpose: The highly competitive nature of tertiary education and the pressure to perform academically have increased psychological morbidity like emotional distress. Untargeted metabolomics was used to analyze serum samples of university students for biomarkers and perturbated metabolism due to stress, anxiety, and depression (SAD).Methods: Depress...

The purpose of this study is twofold. Firstly, this study seeks to better understand students' learning experience, through scholastic achievement and secondly, this study analyses students' use of autonomous learning strategies, namely satisfaction, self-efficacy, social interactive engagement and study engagement in digital learning amidst the Co...

This descriptive design study evaluated the mathematical thinking attainment level of 649 High School leavers, ages 18 to 19 years, in the context of their preparation for facing the challenges of the tertiary level math curriculum. The findings depict students' low level of mathematical thinking attainment regarding their paucity in critical think...

This volume contains the papers presented at the International Conference Building on the Past to Prepare for the Future held from August 8-13, 2022, in King’s College, Cambridge, UK. It was the 16th conference organised by The Mathematics Education for the Future Project - an international educational and philanthropic project founded in 1986 and...

In the current challenging educational landscape, institutions are evolving and changing to deliver high-quality education that nurtures 21st-century skills. Institutions that train teachers know the many challenges of nurturing these skills to meet new demands. Available research findings highlight the need to examine characteristics that motivate...

p> Given the hypothesis that card games form a strong tool capable of shaping the aforementioned interest, this study has developed a card game called Math Zap as a pedagogical tool for numeracy skills development in the context of mental computation. It is geared towards investigating the efficacy of this Math Zap card game, in facilitating the de...

This study investigated students' dispositions. It is a qualitative study that analyzes students' reflective journal entries. It captured students’ dispositions and described how the reflective activities influence their engagement mathematical problem-solving. The findings showed that the students considered the mathematical problems were challeng...

The teaching and learning of fractions have been getting public attention since it is one of the most problematic topics among primary and secondary students. This study aims to investigate to what extent the primary school pupils apply fractional strategies to solve problems on number line. This study was conducted using a qualitative methodology....

The learning of fractional concepts is one of primary school students’ first experiences with a mathematics concept beyond the fundamental four basic operators. However, research has shown that students faced great difficulty in learning fractions which, to a large extent, inhibits their intuitive knowledge of it. The learning of fractions is found...

This study was conducted to assess the students’ level of abilities in solving algebraic word problems which is a main component in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). It also aims to determine the students’ difficulties in solving these problems by using Newman’s Model of Error Analysis (NMEA). Furthermore, this study was cond...

Malaysia has undergone several changes in its education policy from KBSR to KSSR over the decades and the changes in school textbooks follow suit. The current KSSR Math textbooks used were developed in 2014/15 and millions of Ringgits has been spent by the government to provide quality education for all. However, the findings from International stu...

Purpose – Most literature has focused solely on either knowledge about number sense or understanding of fractions. To fill the research gap, this study examined pupils’ abilities in both number sense and fractions. In particular, it investigated Year 4 and Year 5 pupils’ use of strategies in developing their fraction sense. Methodology – This stud...

Benjamin-Ono Equation are significantly important in describes the one-dimensional internal waves in deep water. Because of its significance, Lie symmetry reduction were chosen to reduce the equation and hence solve the equation. Lie symmetry analysis is one of the powerful methods to solve partial differential equation. Due to its effectiveness, t...

This study was conducted to examine students’ reflection in terms of their beliefs and abilities to go through the activities in a problem-solving classroom. Hundred and twenty diploma students were randomly selected from a list of students who had registered in a course called Mathematics Thinking course at a university in Malaysia. The findings r...

Malaysian Ministry of Education (MOE) has created initiatives in the Malaysian Education Blueprint (2013- 2025 that aim to increase teachers’ and students’ competencies in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) subjects and create learning experiences that will prepare students for the considerable array of STEM career fields. Ther...

The growth of interest in school effectiveness has been striking and is gaining momentum. Similarly in Malaysia, school effectiveness has become a dominant theme in contemporary educational reform and development. Thus, the growing concern about educational reform has resulted in a wide variety of school effectiveness interventions, initiatives and...

There are challenges in teaching research methodology as highlighted by many researchers. Among the challenges are strategies for putting material in context. For achieving this purpose, students’ engagement in the learning process needs to be re-looked. This paper shares a practice in engaging students in a research methodology class. The practice...

The overall goal of learning mathematics is to induce a lifelong understanding that allows students to adapt to contemporary changes and demands. Advances in our society cause an abundance of data bombarding us on a daily basis. As a result, mathematics skills must extend beyond the ability to enumerate or sense making. Thus, this study was conduct...

The proliferation of technology into the teaching and learning process has drawn ire in certain quarters of education. This chapter takes up this train of thought to elucidate on certain aspects of the digital transformation of higher education processes which threaten to suffocate the humanistic aspects of the educative process. Special focuses ar...

Abstract: University students in the field of sciences do indeed take a fairly large number of Mathematics courses (such as Calculus 1 and 2, Algebra, etc.) in order to graduate for their respective degrees. However, have we tried to determine the quality of this knowledge? The quality of student’s Mathematics knowledge is always a crucial matter....

Representations used in mathematics instruction can be divided into either external or internal systems of representations. External representations involve the use of concrete models, diagrams, ICT, verbal, real world and symbolic representations to exemplify and illustrate mathematical concepts. Internal representation refers to how a mathematica...

The aim of this study is to analyse the success of School Based Assessment (SBA) implemented in 2010/11 in Malaysia. It examines teachers’ readiness, confidence level and enjoyment in teaching mathematics. It also investigates if participation in SBA professional development courses impacted on teachers’ readiness for it. A total, of 260 teachers (...

Academic or Scholastic Dishonesty is defined as misconduct including, but not limited to, plagiarism, cheating, and collusion. Various concerns have been raised by many studies which focus mainly on the issue of plagiarism and not on traditional academic dishonesty (AD) of cheating and collusion. Hence, this study seeks to address the issue of the...

While academic qualifications are important in securing jobs, it is inarguable that ethics and integrity are also crucial in the workplace. These concerns are serious and disconcerting given the reports of rampant academic dishonesty within higher education institutions (HEIs). For graduates who think that cheating is acceptable, concepts like ‘mor...

The quality of instructional design in teaching and learning of mathematics has been one of the major challenges and concerns of educators in any higher educational settings. Recognizing the eloquence of the factors affecting math achievement is particularly important for making the best design decisions. This study, utilizing a mix-method approach...

In the current rapid world of uncertainty and change, a more vibrant leadership of deans in the area of decision making is highly needed in managing academic challenges at the institutions of higher education (IHE). Numerous past studies revealed that managerial decision making style (DMS) is one of the hidden factors which contribute to the succes...

Every year, thousands of SPM candidates graduate from secondary school and get ready to pursue their study in tertiary education. Students have choices to either study in Form six, A-level or foundation courses. One of foundation courses would be preparatory diploma program which offered by a local college. This study is to investigate the effectiv...

Knowledge of the basic concepts of fractions is essential for students to understand other important mathematics topics such as algebraic operations. Hence, the emphasis on examining students’ ability in applying such basics would help teachers to assist students in exploring other important mathematical ideas in problem solving. Thus, this study w...

School Based Assessment (SBA) has been implemented in Malaysia since 2012. The main purpose of the implementation is to lessen the examination oriented type of Mathematics learning in Malaysian school. In order to achieve this goal, the Malaysian Education blueprint suggested that school assessment be reformed by introducing a school-based grading...

Abstract Textbooks and workbooks (texts) are integral part of teaching and learning process. They are widely used by teachers and students in schools and at home as source of information. It is important that these texts represent up to date content and curriculum that is well informed on the bases of existing research. Moreover they should be upda...

This concept paper seeks to discuss the issues of the measurement of Malaysian university graduates' generic skills as an indicator of their employability in the real world job market. Despite the heated discussions and arguments among stakeholders on the problem of rampant unemployment of fresh university graduates, there is still a distinct absen...

Despite all the mechanisms introduced by the Malaysian Qualifications Agency (MQA) and the universities to ensure that graduates leave the institution fit for employment, the fact remains that many employers decry the quality of fresh graduates, particularly in the area of generic or soft skills (Morshidi Sirat et al., 2008). This study was underta...

Estimation and mental computation abilities can be viewed as a key to transforming the teaching and learning of Mathematics in Malaysia and towards a more dynamic Mathematics education especially because both abilities are needed in order to develop good numeracy thinking. The purpose of this paper is to determine students’ level of numeracy and th...

This study examined the perception of Malaysian secondary school students and teachers on the reversal of the national policy on teaching and learning of mathematics and science in English (PPSMI) in 2009. A total of 14 secondary schools were selected throughout the nation and the population sample under study consist of the following: 314 secondar...

Numeracy becomes important in the Malaysian context, when the Prime Minister lit the switch on Numeracy and emphasized its salience in the10th Malaysia Plan as the foundation to build the first world talent base and the realization of Vision 2020. Taking this as the cue, this study was initiated to explore the grade levels (Form 1, Form 2 and Form...

The heart of mathematical problem solving is to explore and establish relationships between the different branches of knowledge in mathematics. Heuristics approaches are capable of illustrating how these knowledge branches are united by a few basic, universal principles during the mathematical knowledge transfer in the process of mathematical probl...

This study examines employers and instructors’ perspectives towards university graduates’ work attainment (readiness) as indicated by their generic skills. The specific objectives of the study are 1) to examine the perception of employers and instructors towards generic skills required and displayed by fresh graduates; 2) to examine the perception...

Numerous studies in the area of Management and Leadership indicate that one's decision making style (DMS) is reflective of one's leadership style. Using the Decision Making Styles Inventory (DMSI) developed by Rowe and Boulgarides (1992), this paper attempts to explore and report the managerial DMS among 54 deans from four randomly selected Malaysi...

The main objective of this descriptive nature study is to paint a picture of Malaysian parents' practices and perspectives towards school homework. Additionally, it determines the amount of time children spend on doing homework and aspects related to the management of homework. The sample of the study consisted of 723 parents with children in Prima...

Much concern has been shown towards improving Literacy and Numeracy by the Malaysian Government as reflected in the National Key Results Area (NKRA) of the Government Transformation Programmes (GTP). Taking this as the cue, the focus of this study was to obtain an insight into the relationship between numeracy thinking and mental computation abilit...

In analyzing students' performance in schools, the conventional method normally been used is known as the ranking approach. However, such a method does not take into account the different levels of performance achieved by students in different subjects at a particular time. Apart from that, the ranking approach is likely to be more sensitive to ext...

Tujuan – Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menyelidik kemahiran guru dalam membimbing murid melaksanakan kerja kursus Sejarah (KKS) dan Geografi (KKG) di peringkat sekolah menengah rendah. Metodologi – Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah penyelidikan deskriptif. Instrumen utama yang digunakan merupakan soal selidik yang ditadbirkan kepada seramai 186 o...

This chapter focusses on the concept of “collaboration,” with particular reference to mathematics education research in which the participating scholars are from different nations. After commenting that collaboration involves more than sharing, uniting, or cooperating, the concept is discussed in the light of the work of ICMI, IEA, PISA, RECSAM, ME...

Institutions of Higher Education (HEIs) play a pivotal role in advancing the type of knowledge that can spur the economic growth of a nation. The last 30 years or so have witnessed an ever-widening gap between the nature of teaching and learning in HEIs and ways of obtaining and disseminating knowledge within the society at large, which has contrib...

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to investigate Malaysian teachers' mentoring skills in guiding students, History and Geography coursework at the lower secondary school level. Methodology - The study utilized a descriptive research design. The main instrument was a questionnaire, administered on 186 school teachers in nine randomly selected...

A sample of 474 10th graders was drawn from 17 schools, governing a catchment area of one district in Punjab (India). Using process and structure variables as inputs and the criterion variable of achievement in geometry as an output, the schools were dichotomised as productive and under-productive on the basis of their predicted achievement in mult...

The purpose of this research was to assess students’ understanding of number sense and mental computation among Form One, Form Two, Form Three and Form Four students. A total of 1756 students, ages ranging from 12 to 17 years, from thirteen schools in Selangor participated in this study. A majority (74.9%) of these students obtained an A grade for...

The change in PPSMI's language of learning and teaching of Mathematics to English had been opined to have prejudiced learners’ achievements due to their weakness in the subject matter as well as in English. This study was conducted to ascertain the validity of such claims and it sought to determine the composition of error types committed by 22, pu...

This study examined the perception of Malaysian secondary school teachers on the implementation of the national policy on teaching Mathematics and Science in English which was introduced in 2003 and reversed in 2009. A total of 14 public secondary schools were randomly selected using the stratification technique throughout the nation. It was furthe...

Most of the outcomes of real life events follow normal distribution. In educational research, researchers often ensure a distribution closely associated to the normal distribution in order to proceed on their analyses. Testing of the normality is normally done before any inferential analysis is carried out. However, assumptions about normality can...

The purpose of this article is to identify factors that statistically explain the variation and the measures on the level of motivation of a sample of mathematics students in a university. Specifically, this analysis will identify groups of similar items and reduce the number of variables used in a study. This article explains the use of explorator...

Homework is often seen as an integral part of the teaching and learning process in schools even though its effect on student achievement has been a debateable issue since the beginning of the twentieth century. Today there are a number of studies that have explored this issue from a number of perspectives but there is scant empirical research on th...

This paper investigates the nature of the interaction between the teacher and students as they worked on different mathematics activities in a single classroom over a 10-month period. Sociocultural theories and the Vygotskian zone of proximal development provide the main framework for examining the teaching and learning processes and explaining the...

This study was conducted to describe four preservice physics teachers' development of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) from the PCK-based Physics Methods Course to teaching practice. A multi-method evaluation was used to collect data: pre- and post-lesson preparation; a semistructured group interview about cases; an observation of teaching and s...

This paper discusses the types of word problems represented in Malaysia's primary one, primary two and primary three mathematics texts based on Van De Walle's model (1998) in the operations of addition and subtraction. A test was constructed to measure students' success based on this model. The data from this study indicates that the Malaysian math...

How can we build systems with 'commonsense', the thinking skills that every ordinary person takes for granted? In this paper, we describe a multi-agent architecture for enabling commonsense reasoning which is in development at the Media Lab. The system reasons about the kinds of fundamental entities that show up in nearly all situations — such as p...

An abstract is not available.

Open Mind Common Sense is a knowledge acquisition system designed to acquire commonsense knowledge from the general public over the web. We describe and evaluate our first fielded system, which enabled the construction of a 450,000 assertion commonsense knowledge base. We then discuss how our second-generation system addresses weaknesses discovered...

The purpose of this study was to construct an understanding of two grade six students' proportional reasoning schemes. The data from the clinical interviews gives insight as to the importance of multiplicative thinking in proportional reasoning. Two mental operations, unitizing and iterating play an important role in student's use of multiplicative...

The purpose of the study was to investigate the concepts of ratio and proportion constructed by grade nine students by investigating grade nine students proportional reasoning schemes and procedures on three types of tasks: missing value, numerical comparison and qualitative reasoning. Comparisons among the different categories were made and the st...

This paper seeks to understand the evolvement of multipli cative thinking to facilitate children's transition from additive reasoning to multipli cative reasoning. The data from this study suggests that multiplicative reasoning expressed by using iterative composite units (coordination of number sequences) can help children construct meaning for mu...

This paper reports selected findings from a study of number sense proficiency of students aged 13 to 16 years in a state in Malaysia A total of 1756 students, from thirteen schools in a state in Malaysia participated in this study. A majority (74.9%) of these students obtained an A grade for their respective year-end school examinations. The design...