Paolo Vinciguerra

• head at Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS

Purpose To present the first reported case of bilateral ectasia following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) associated with corneal cross-linking (CXL). Methods A 20-year-old woman was referred for bilateral corneal ectasia 2 years after uneventful bilateral SMILE combined with accelerated CXL (SMILE-Xtra) for myopic correction. The preo...

Purpose To assess the short and mid-term outcomes of epithelium-off (epi-off) corneal collagen cross-linking using Riboflavin with Vitamin E TPGS (Epi-off Ribocross® CXL) for progressive keratoconus (KC). Design Retrospective, single-center non-comparative interventional study. Methods Patients with progressive keratoconus who underwent CXL using...

Purpose To report the association between keratoconus (KC) and pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE). As secondary outcome, we explored the relation between subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and topometric indexes. Methods Retrospective, observational, cross-sectional, case–control study. Multicentric study including patients with KC and he...

Background: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of hereditary retinal dystrophies characterized by progressive degeneration of photoreceptor cells, which results in debilitating visual impairment. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of emerging treatment modalities for RP, including gene therapy, mesenchymal-cell-based...

Purpose To assess the corneal biomechanical properties in normal individuals and patients with keratoconus using the Brillouin optical scanning system (Intelon Optics) (BOSS) and compare them with ultra-high-speed Scheimpflug imaging (Corvis ST; Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH). Methods Sixty eyes from 60 patients (30 normal and 30 keratoconus) were inclu...

Background The purpose of this study is to assess the variations in anterior chamber depth (ACD), axial length (AXL), and intraocular pressure (IOP) in both phakic and pseudophakic eyes undergoing preoperative intravenous mannitol infusion. The study was conducted at the Ophthalmology Department of IRCSS Humanitas in Milan, Italy. This is a prospec...

The study aims to demonstrate and estimate the prevalence of clinical corneal ectasia and keratoconus (KC) in patients with relatively low keratometry (low-K KC). In a retrospective, analytical, and non-interventionist study, one eye was randomly selected from 1054 patients from the original Tomographic Biomechanical Index (TBIv1) study and the ext...

Background: Conjunctival chemosis, a complication of lower blepharoplasty, can cause persistent discomfort and functional disturbances with worsening in the postoperative period following surgery. Methods: A review of the records of the lower blepharoplasty procedures carried out at the Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy was perform...

A 28-year-old nurse had an aberration-free femto-laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) performed for her myopia of −6.25 −0.50 × 096 and −6.75 −0.50 × 175 in the right and left eye, respectively. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) preoperatively was 20/16. Preoperatively, there were no abnormalities on Scheimpflug imaging, and a pachymetry of 5...

Purpose: Low doses of systemic doxycycline (LD-SD) inhibit angiogenesis and the expression of matrix metalloproteases, which are determinants of pterygium progression. This study aimed to compare the recurrence rate and visual outcome of pterygium excision in patients undergoing chronic treatment with LD-SD for chronic refractory blepharitis and LD...

Background: Anti-glaucoma eye drops have been investigated due to their production of fibrotic changes on the conjunctival surface, undermining the functioning of the upper lacrimal drainage system. We aimed to assess whether these effects may impair the effectiveness of endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (EE-DCR). Methods: This is a single...

Purpose To assess the performance of the Camellin-Calossi formula in eyes with prior myopic laser vision correction. Methods This was a retrospective case series. Patients included had a history of uncomplicated myopic laser vision correction and cataract surgery. The primary outcome measures were cumulative distribution of absolute refractive pre...

Purpose: To assess the short and mid-term outcomes of epi-off corneal collagen cross-linking using Riboflavin with Vitamin E TPGS (Epi-off Ribocross® CXL) for progressive keratoconus Design: Retrospective, single-center noncomparative interventional study. Methods: Patients with progressive keratoconus who underwent CXL using Riboflavin with Vitami...

Aims/Purpose: Keratoconus (KC) is biomechanically characterized by a decreased resistance to deformation when compared to healthy corneas. The aim of this presentation is to give an overview about the development and clinical application of the recently introduced Homburg Biomechanical E‐Staging (BEST) for KC. Methods: The Corvis ST (Oculus, German...

Purpose To evaluate the outcome of sequential customized therapeutic keratectomy (SCTK) in reducing higher order aberrations (HOAs) and improving quality of vision in highly aberrated corneas consequent to previous radial keratotomy (RK). Methods A retrospective review of patients undergoing SCTK treatment from January 2012 to October 2020 was con...

Purpose The Corvis Biomechanical Index-Laser Vision Correction (CBI-LVC) is a biomechanical index to detect ectasia in post-refractive surgery patients (PRK, LASIK, SMILE). This study aims to evaluate the distribution of the CBI-LVC in stable patients who underwent Phototherapeutic Keratectomy (PTK) compared to PRK patients. Methods Patients who u...

Purpose: To describe the efficacy and persistence of injectable calcium hydroxyapatite (CAHY) to correct orbital volume deficit in postenucleation socket syndrome. Methods: An observational study was conducted as a clinical review of all patients in the authors' practice who received injectable CAHY placed in the extraconal and intraconal space...

Purpose: To evaluate corneal biomechanical changes after meniscus-shaped stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty (MS-SLAK) performed for the treatment of keratoconus. Methods: This interventional study included patients affected by advanced keratoconus (stage III and IV) who underwent examination with a dynamic Scheimpflug analyzer and non-conta...

Purpose: To assess the long-term outcomes of corneal collagen cross linking according to the Dresden protocol (S-CXL) in progressive pediatric keratoconus (KC). Design: retrospective, single-centre non-comparative interventional study. Methods: patients below 18 years of age who underwent to S-CXL from June 2007 to January 2011 in Humanitas Cl...

Background: Antiplatelets and anticoagulants have substantially influenced contemporary vitreoretinal surgical practices. The availability of new oral blood thinners has recently spurred a renewed interest in the clinical approach to vitreoretinal surgical conditions since it may be difficult for the surgeon to collect sufficient evidence-based dat...

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of sequential custom phototherapeutic keratectomy (SCTK) for granular corneal dystrophy type 1 (GCD1). Methods: Thirty-seven eyes of 21 patients with GCD1 were treated with SCTK to remove superficial opacifications, regularize the corneal surface, and decrease optical aberrations. SCTK is a sequence of cust...

Purpose Topical anti-glaucoma medications have been investigated on producing fibrotic changes on the conjunctival surface, undermining the functioning of the upper lacrimal drainage system. The aim of the study was to assess whether these effects may impair the effectiveness of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) in patients affected by both glaucoma and...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to introduce an optimized version of the Corvis Biomechanical Index for Chinese population (cCBI). Design: Retrospective, multicenter clinical validity-enhancement study. Methods: Patients were included from seven clinics (Beijing, Shenyang, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Wenzhou, Chongqing and Tianjin). Logistic regre...

Purpose: To correlate postoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) thickness changes of each retinal layer with different patterns of visual recovery after idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery in a cohort of patients showing no known risk factors for poor visual recovery at preoperative imaging. Methods: Best corrected visual acuity...

A 27-year-old woman who wants to get rid of contact lenses and spectacles was seen at our clinic. She had strabismus surgery as a child and was patched for the right eye but now shows mild nondisturbing exophoria. Infrequently, she likes to box in the sports school. Her corrected distance visual acuity at presentation in the right eye was 20/16 wit...

Purpose: To develop a novel virtual surgery simulation platform to predict postoperative corneal stiffness (Kcmean) after laser vision correction (LVC) surgery. Setting: Narayana Nethralaya eye hospital and Sankara Nethralaya, India; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Italy. Design: Retrospective, observational case series. Methods: 529...

Purpose: To evaluate the repeatability of deformation corneal response (DCR) parameters before and after corneal cross-linking (CXL) compared to their untreated fellow eyes (uFE). Setting: Department of Ophthalmology of Univ. Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy. Design: multice...

Purpose To improve the stability of the Corvis ST biomechanically-corrected intraocular pressure measurements (bIOP) after refractive surgery and its independence of corneal biomechanics. Methods A parametric study was carried out using numerical models simulating the behavior of the eye globe under the effects of IOP and Corvis ST external air pr...

Purpose: To assess the refractive outcomes of patients who had sulcus implantation of the Camellens FIL622-1 intraocular lens (IOL) (Soleko) after posterior capsular rupture, and to optimize the A-constant suggested by the manufacturer. Methods: This study included patients who underwent secondary Camellens FIL622-1 IOL implantation in the cilia...

Purpose: To optimize artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to integrate Scheimpflug-based corneal tomography and biomechanics to enhance ectasia detection. Design: Multicenter cross-sectional case-control retrospective study. Methods: A total of 3886 unoperated eyes from 3412 patients had Pentacam and Corvis ST (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) exam...

We aimed to evaluate the depth of the demarcation line following accelerated epithelium-off corneal cross-linking (A-CXL) performed at the slit lamp with the patient sitting in an upright position. Twenty-three eyes from twenty patients, undergoing epi-off A-CXL (9 mW/cm2 for 10 min) using a CXL device at the slit lamp in the upright position. Dema...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the outcome of the meniscus-shaped stromal lenticule addition keratoplasty (MS-SLAK) in corneal regularization and thickness. Methods: Patients waiting for deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty for advanced keratoconus with an intolerance to contact lenses (CLs) underwent the MS-SLAK procedure by F...

Purpose: The CBI-LVC is a biomechanical index to detect ectasia in post-refractive surgery patients (PRK, LASIK, SMILE). This study aims to evaluate the distribution of the CBI-LVC in stable patients who underwent Phototherapeutic Keratectomy (PTK) compared to PRK patients. Methods: Patients who underwent PRK and PTK performed between 2000 and 2018...

Purpose: To explore the relationship between topical antiglaucoma therapy, both prostaglandin and non-prostaglandin based eyedrops, and persistence of epiphora in glaucoma patients who underwent EN-DCR surgery for PANDO. Methods: prospective observational cohort study of all over 65 years-old patients with a dacryo-CT documented diagnosis of PANDO...

Purpose: To compare the long-term results of accelerated corneal cross-linking (CXL) (9 mW/cm2, 10 min) with standard CXL (3 mW/cm2, 30 min) in patients with Down syndrome who had keratoconus. Methods: In this contralateral randomized clinical trial, 27 patients with Down syndrome aged 15.78 ± 2.46 years (range: 10 to 19 years) were enrolled. CX...

Purpose: The aim of this metanalysis of the literature is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the differences in Corvis ST dynamic corneal response (DCR) parameters between POAG patients and healthy controls. Materials and methods: A quantitative meta-analysis was conducted on articles published before 10th September 2021 identified searching...

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference between Caucasian and Chinese healthy subjects with regards to Corvis ST dynamic corneal response parameters (DCRs). Methods Two thousand eight hundred and eighty-nine healthy Caucasian and Chinese subjects were included in this multicenter retrospective study. Subsequently, Chinese eyes...

Purpose: To report long-term clinical results of transepithelial cross-linking with iontophoresis (I-CXL) for progressive keratoconus (KC). Methods: Nineteen eyes of 19 patients treated with I-CXL for progressive keratoconus were included in this prospective clinical study. Preoperatively and in all available follow ups (6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72...

he aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of phacoemulsification and Intraocular Lens (IOL) implantation in OcMMP patients. Data from 15 eyes of 10 patients affected by OcMMP that underwent phaco+IOL have been evaluated. Each patient was examined a week before surgery and at day 1, day 3, day 7 and 30 days after surgery

Purpose This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated the potential of an additional biomechanical parameter ‘E’ as an addition to the tomographic ABCD ectasia/keratoconus (KC) staging. Methods The Corvis Biomechanical Factor (CBiF) represents the modified linear term of the Corvis Biomechanical Index (CBI) developed based on 448 KC corneas f...

Purpose: To assess real-life anatomical and functional outcomes of switch to bevacizumab in patients undergoing aflibercept intravitreal injections for nAMD. Methods: Retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with nAMD and undergoing intravitreal injections of aflibercept who switched to bevacizumab after the resolution XI/1986 of Lom...

Objective: Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the surgical treatment for lacrimal sac mucoceles (LSM), yet variants of the procedure are several. Since LSM causes bone remodeling and thinning, especially of the lacrimal bone, osteotomy at that site is reasonably the easiest. The aim of the study is to support treatment of LSM via a posterior DCR appro...

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between corneal biomechanics and keratoconus (KC) severity as described by tomographic parameters. Setting: University-based German ophthalmology department. Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 448 KC corneas of the Homburg Keratoconus Center and 112 healthy corneas were e...

Purpose: To evaluate an automated method for detecting the cone shape characteristics and to assess the corneal specialists’ subjective variability of these measures using different maps. Methods: Topographic images of the anterior and posterior surface of each eye were presented to 12 clinicians in two different types of map, tangential curvature...

Keratoconus is a bilateral, asymmetric and progressive corneal disease. It usually results in apical thinning and steepening with corneal deformation and impaired vision. Since the early 1990 s, corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) has remained the primary treatment to stabilize the progression of the disease. Iontophoresis-assisted CXL (I-CXL) has...

Purpose: To assess the long-term efficacy and safety of epithelium-off corneal cross-linking according to the standard (Dresden) protocol (S-CXL) in patients with progressive keratoconus older than 40 years. Methods: Seventy-six eyes of 64 patients with a mean age of 46.4 ± 5.2 years were included. At baseline and after 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72...

Purpose To introduce a new method to map the mechanical stiffness of healthy and keratoconic corneas. Methods Numerical modeling based on the finite element method was used to carry out inverse analysis of simulated healthy and keratoconic corneas to determine the regional variation of mechanical stiffness across the corneal surface based on estab...

Excimer lasers induces significant changes to corneal structure and corneal biomechanics. The aim of this paper is to describe all laser-tissue interactions which are relevant for clinical practice, particularly, we will focus on laser ablations profiles, causes of regression and haze and prevention of those. At last the manuscript will describe th...

Purpose: To validate and evaluate the use of a new biomechanical index known as the CBI-LVC (Corvis Biomechanical Index-Laser Vision Correction) as a method for separating stable post-LVC eyes from post-LVC eyes with ectasia. Setting: Patients were included from 10 clinics/9 countries. Design: Retrospective, multi-center, clinical study. Meth...

This study aims to describe a new universal method to identify the relative three-dimensional directions of visual, pupillary, and optical axes of the eye and the angles between them using topography elevation data. The method was validated in a large clinical cohort, and ethnical differences were recorded. Topography elevation data were collected...

The study aims to describe a new universal method to identify the relative three-dimensional directions of visual, pupillary and optical axes of the eye and the angles between them using topography elevation data. The method was validated in a large clinical cohort and ethnical differences were recorded. Topography elevation data was collected from...

Background: We reviewed our experience in the management of cataract and idiopatic epiretinal membrane surgeries at the Humanitas Research Institute-Milan, Italy- over the past 3 years. Methods: We conducted a single center retrospective observational case series of patients that underwent sequential cataract and idiopatic epiretinal membrane (E...

Purpose: To assess the long-term efficacy and safety of epithelium-off corneal cross-linking according to the Dresden protocol (S-CXL) in progressive keratoconus. Methods: Patients treated with S-CXL from April 2006 to January 2010 at Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy, who completed at least 10 years of follow-up were includ...

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between changes in maximum keratometry (Kmax) and ABC values from the ABCD Progression Display (Pentacam (OCULUS; Wetzlar, Germany)) in progressive keratoconus (KC) and to evaluate whether the ABC changes were able to detect progression earlier than Kmax. Setting: Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozza...

Introduction: To compare the results of an accelerated corneal cross-linking (CXL) protocol (9 mW/cm2, 10 min) with the standard CXL protocol (3 mW/cm2, 30 min) in patients with Down syndrome (DS) who have keratoconus (KC). Methods: Twenty-seven 10- to 20-year-old patients with DS who had bilateral progressive KC were enrolled in a contralateral...

Purpose Spreading from China, COVID-19 pandemic reached Italy, the first massively involved western nation. At the beginning of March, 2020 in Northern Italy a complete lockdown of activities was imposed. Access to all healthcare providers, was halted for patients with elective problems. We present the management experience of the Humanitas Clinica...

In non-Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (nDSAEK), the host DM and endothelium are not removed surgically before the introduction of the posterior lamellar graft; the result is that the patient has both the healthy donor endothelium and the diseased or residual host endothelium. Conversely, DSAEK tissues, that are inserted with...

Purpose: To present a novel method to locate the centre of keratoconus and the transition zone between pathological area and the rest of corneal tissue. Methods: A spherical coordinate system was used to generate a spherical height map measured relative to the centre of the optimal sphere fit, and normal to the surface. The cone centre was defined...

Background: The finding of hematological malignancies within bone marrow in heterotopic ossification has been reported only a handful of times previously in the literature. We described a case of true trilineage hematopoiesis in an excised area of heterotopic ossification from an enucleated blind painful eye. Case presentation: A 70-year-old Cau...

PURPOSE: To assess 3-year safety and efficacy of enhanced-fluence pulsed-light iontophoresis cross-linking (EF I-CXL) in patients with progressive keratoconus. METHODS: This prospective interventional pilot study included 24 eyes of 20 patients, with a mean age of 23.9 years (range: 15 to 36 years). Iontophoresis with riboflavin solution was used...

We have read with interest the article by Francis et al in the November 2019 issue titled “Corneal Viscous Properties Cannot Be Determined From Air-Puff Applanation,”1 where the Corvis ST (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) output for 312 healthy eyes, 107 fellow eyes of patients with keratoconus, and 289 keratoconic eyes was fitted to mathematical models to...

Purpose: To review the role of corneal biomechanics for the clinical evaluation of patients with ectatic corneal diseases. Methods: A total of 1295 eyes were included for analysis in this study. The normal healthy group (group N) included one eye randomly selected from 736 patients with healthy corneas, the keratoconus group (group KC) included...

Purpose: To compare the binocular visual outcomes and satisfaction of patients with emmetropia or mild myopia (-0.50 diopters [D]) implanted with a bilateral spherical monofocal intraocular lens (IOL). Setting: Ophthalmology Department, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy. Design: Prospective nonrandomized study. Met...

PurposeTo use novel indices to determine the prevalence of KC and its progression in patients aged 10–30 years with Down syndrome.Study designCohort population-based study.Methods Two hundred twenty-six of 250 invited Down syndrome patients were enrolled. The diagnostic criteria were confirmed by two independent expert examiners using slit-lamp exa...

Corneal biomechanics has been a hot topic for research in contemporary ophthalmology due to its prospective applications in diagnosis, management, and treatment of several clinical conditions, including glaucoma, elective keratorefractive surgery, and different corneal diseases. The clinical biomechanical investigation has become of great importanc...

Purpose: To assess the repeatability and reproducibility of dynamic corneal response (DCR) parameters obtained by ultra-high-speed Scheimpflug imaging (Corvis ST); in keratoconic patients. Setting: Clinics in Germany, Italy, and Brazil. Design: Prospective, observational study. Methods: Patients were examined 3 times using 2 different dynami...

Purpose: To introduce and clinically validate in patients with keratoconus a new method for estimating intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with soft corneas with the aim of significantly reducing dependence on corneal biomechanics. Setting: Vincieye Clinic in Milan, Italy, and Rio de Janeiro Corneal Tomography and Biomechanics Study Group – Rio...

The objective of this non-randomized trial was comparison of two-year changes in dynamic corneal response (DCR) between 18mW/cm2 (5- minutes) and 9mW/cm2 (10-minutes) cross-linking (CXL) protocols, using novel stiffness parameters and correlating them to clinical indices. The two groups were evaluated before and 2 years after the procedure using Co...

Purpose: This study aims to introduce and clinically validate a new algorithm that can determine the biomechanical properties of the human cornea in vivo. Methods: A parametric study was conducted involving representative finite element models of human ocular globes with wide ranges of geometries and material biomechanical behavior. The models were...

Background: The Corvis ST provides measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP) and a biomechanically-corrected IOP (bIOP). IOP influences corneal deflection amplitude (DA), which may affect the diagnosis of keratoconus. Compensating for IOP in DA values may improve the detection of keratoconus. Methods: 195 healthy eyes and 136 eyes with keratoco...

Purpose: To compare the 2-year follow-up outcomes of three groups of patients with keratoconus treated with transepithelial iontophoresis (I-CXL), iontophoresis with epithelial removal (I-SCXL), and standard epithelium-off (S-CXL) CXL for progressive keratoconus. Methods: Sixty eyes of 60 patients treated with CXL for progressive keratoconus wer...

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of corneal cross-linking window absorption (CXL-WA) as an adjuvant therapy for Aspergillus keratitis. Methods: A 90-year-old male came to our clinic complaining of hyperemic conjunctivitis and progressive visual loss in the right eye. Slit-lamp examination showed keratic precipitates, severe corneal opacity...

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of varying treatment time on the efficacy of iontophoresis-assisted transepithelial corneal cross-linking (I-CXL) in ex vivo porcine corneas. Methods: One hundred twelve porcine corneas with intact epithelium were divided into 7 groups and analyzed. Groups 1, 2, and 3 received standard epitheliumoff CXL (S-CXL) wi...

Purpose: To report long-term outcomes of sequential customized therapeutic keratectomy for Reis-Bücklers' corneal dystrophy. Methods: This was a retrospective review of 14 eyes of 8 patients with Reis-Bücklers' corneal dystrophy that underwent surgical peeling with a spatula of the epithelium and subepithelial membrane present in Reis-Bücklers'...

Purpose: we report a case of a 76 years old female patient treated with consecutive therapy anti-VEGF-Ocriplasmin for a CNV and vitreomacular traction. She arrives to our observation present a visual loss (3/10) and metamorphopsia in right eye caused by CNV and vitreomacular traction, she has vitreomacular surgery in OS caused by macular hole. Met...

Purpose: To improve the detection of corneal ectasia susceptibility using tomographic data. Design: Multicenter case control study METHODS: Data from patients from five different clinics from South-America, United States and Europe were evaluated. Artificial intelligence models were generated using Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) paramete...

Purpose: To identify the relative positions of geometrical and visual axes of the eye and present a method to locate the visual centre when the geometrical axis is taken as a reference. Methods: Topography elevation data was collected using a Pentacam HR ® topographer from 2040 normal eyes of 1020 healthy participants in Brazil, China and Italy. A...

Purpose: To assess the safety and efficacy of a novel pulsed-light enhanced-fluence iontophoresis corneal cross-linking (EF I-CXL) procedure in patients with progressive keratoconus. Methods: This prospective interventional pilot study included 12 eyes of 10 patients. Iontophoresis with Ricrolin+ solution (Sooft, Montegiorgio, Italy) was used fo...

The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of the Corvis ST (Oculus; Wetzlar, Germany) biomechanical correction algorithm (bIOP) in determining intraocular pressure (IOP) using experiments on ex-vivo human eyes. Five ex-vivo human ocular globes (age 69 ± 3 years) were obtained and tested within 3-5 days post mortem. Using a custom-built i...

Purpose: To assess topographical changes in patients with keratoconus while awaiting corneal cross-linking (CXL) treatment. Methods: In this prospective, double-center, observational clinical study, patients with keratoconus were enrolled. Progression was defined as a change in the curvature within the cone area of at least 1.00 diopter (D) on t...

Using PubMed and our internal database, we extensively reviewed the literature on the technological advancements in calibration systems, with a motive to present an account of the development history, and latest developments in calibration systems used in refractive surgery laser systems. As a second motive, we explored the clinical impact of the e...

Purpose: To evaluate long-term results of sequential customized therapeutic keratectomy (SCTK) in highly aberrated corneas with apical scars consequent to hyperopic excimer laser refractive surgery. Methods: Fifteen eyes of 12 patients treated with SCTK for a corneal apical scar after hyperopic excimer laser refractive surgery were retrospective...

We report on clinical results of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL), analyzing intraoperative results, results in postrefractive surgery ectasia, results by iontophoresis, and results analyzed according to age of the patient. Intraoperative Results. In eyes with progressive advanced keratoconus (KC) undergoing standard CXL, we evaluated uncorrect...

Background Ectasia development occurs due to a chronic corneal biomechanical decompensation or weakness, resulting in stromal thinning and corneal protrusion. This leads to corneal steepening, increase in astigmatism, and irregularity. In corneal refractive surgery, the detection of mild forms of ectasia pre-operatively is essential to avoid post-o...

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To present the Tomographic and Biomehanical Index (TBI), which combines Scheimpflugbased corneal tomography and biomechanics for enhancing ectasia detection. METHODS: Patients from different continents were retrospectively studied. The normal group included 1 eye randomly selected from 480 patients with normal corneas and the ker...