Paolo Lissoni

RETIRED from ASST Monza – San Gerardo Hospital

Lymphocytopenia is something that cancer patients present with very often. Lymphocyte deficiency appears to be correlated with a worse prognosis. This experimental study emphasises how the combination of melatonin and AHCC in appropriate dosages can help counteract lymphopenia.

The endocannabinoid system plays a physiological natural anti-inflammatory anticancer role and the pharmacological effects of cannabinoids from Cannabis plant simply reflect the action of the endogenous ones. Therefore, from a therapeutic point of view Cannabis plant cannot be understood without taking into consideration the physio-pathological rol...

The recent advances in the clinical application of the complementary medicine to cancer therapy have shown that some plants may potentially exert an antitumor activity due to the action of specific antitumor molecules, rather than a simple palliative effects. Then, the aim of the complementary medicine would have to be not only the improvement of t...

Epistemological tools: general critical reflection on mnestic knowledge, the present attempt at a problematic synthesis of epistemological applications, preliminary preamble to research on Immune Memory.

Funes el memorioso, J.Borges,1944:".... Una circunferencia en un pizarrón, un triángulo rectángulo, un rombo, son formas que podemos intuir plenamente; lo mismo le pasaba a Ireneo con las aborrascadas crines de un potro, con una punta de ganado en una cuchilla, con el fuego cambiante y con la innumerable ceniza, con las muchas caras de un muerto en...

In the first time in history, Psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology, PNEI, leans humanity a deep scientifically based spiritual evolution through medical science. The term "Psycho-Neuro-Endocrino-Immunology" PNEI-may appear complex but it indicates the existence in living human beings of an inseparable unity between the endocrine, nervous and immune syste...

The recent advances in the knowledge of the neuroendocrine control of the immune system and cancer growth have demonstrated the existence of several anticancer natural molecules in the human body, the most promising of them are the pineal hormone melatonin (MLT) and the enzymatic product of ACE2, the angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7). Both MLT and Ang 1-7...

Today, it is known that inflammation represents the common mechanism of human systemic diseases, including cancer and autoimmunity. Obviously, the endothelial system is involved in all inflammatory processes. Then, the control of the endothelial functions could constitute a new medical strategy to treat several pathological conditions, including is...

The recent proposal of cancer immunotherapy with anti-checkpoint inhibitor monoclonal antibodies, as well as the previous immunotherapy with IL-2, would require an interpretation of cancer chemotherapy not only in terms of therapeutic strategy carried out to destroy cancer cells, but also as an approach potentially able to influence and modulate th...

The immune system has appeared to regulate not only the immune response, but all biological functions, including the nervous, the endocrine and the cardiovascular systems. At the other side, the immune system is under a physiological psycho neuroendocrine regulation, mainly modulated by the pineal gland and the opioid system, respectively in a stim...

The evolution of the medical Sciences corresponded to the discovery of new classes of molecules, firstly the vitamins, then the hormones, then again the neurotransmitters, and finally the cytokines, and each discovery of new molecules allowed the possibility to definitively cure some human diseases. Unfortunately, the last discovery that of cytokin...

Until a few years ago, the immune system was considered as responsible for the only defense against microbial infections and other external agents. On the contrary, the immune cells have been proven to be linked not only through cell-cell contact but also by releasing proteins capable of influencing the immune-inflammatory response, the so-called c...

Coronavirus-induced severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) as a possibile expression of fatty acid amide hydrolase (faah) hyper-activation and possible therapeutic role of faah inhibitors in covid19-induced sars. Abstract It has appeared that the acute respiratory distress induced by COVID 19 is mainly depending on the excessive host inflammatory...

It is known that lung injury due to COVID-19 responsible for the respiratory distress would mainly depend on host inflammatory response, depending on an excessive production of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, and TNF-alpha, rather than direct virus-induced tissue damage, as well as for other forms of respiratory distress. Moreover, it is know...

Abstract Today, it is known that all human biological functions are under two fundamental regulatory systems, consisting of the endocrine system and the cytokine network. Moreover, it has been shown that the cytokines released from the activated immune cells do not influence only immune functions, but also the whole biological system, including the...

Today, it is known that the prognosis of human neoplasms depends not only on the genetic characteristics of tumor cells, but also on the immunobiological response of patients. Moreover, despite its complexity, at present it is known that the antitumor immunity is generally suppressed by the macrophage system, and stimulated by T lymphocytes, with t...

Several clinical studies have shown that blood pressure (BP) declines during the night in the healthy subjects, and that BP circadian rhythm tends to disappear with age. The mechanisms responsible for BP circadian rhythm and its aging-dependent loss need to be further understood. At present, it is already known that the two main hormones provided b...

It is known that lymphocytopenia is one of the most negative biomarkers in cancer patients, being an expression of cancer-related immunosuppression. Today it is known that, despite its complexity, the antitumor immunity is mainly mediated by dendritic cell-T lymphocyte system and suppressed by the macrophage-regulatory T lymphocyte system. Then, ly...

The clinical management of patients affected by systemic diseases, including cancer and autoimmune diseases, is generally founded on the evaluation of the only markers related to the single disease rather than the biological immuno-inflammatory response of patients, despite the fundamental role of cytokine network in the pathogenesis of cancer and...

Proceedings of the Conference : Medical science and health paradigm change 13-14-15 October 2017.Milan,Italy

The prognosis of the neoplastic diseases depends not only on the biogenetic characteristics of cancer cells but also on the immunological response of patients, which may influence the biological features of cancer cells themselves as well as the angiogenic processes. Moreover, the immune system in vivo is under a physiological psychoneuroendocrine...

BACKGROUND In cancer patients, the accumulation of Tregs is associated with tumor progression and the suppression of anti-tumor immune response. Metronomic cyclophosphamide (mCTX) induces a profound and selective reduction of circulating Tregs, whereas no data are available regarding a possible effect on immune system. In the present analysis, we r...

Introduction: Despite its apparent failure in cancer therapy, IL-2 still remains fundamental in the activation of antitumor immunity. Areas covered: The aim of this review is the reinterpretation of the role of IL-2 in anticancer immunity, according to knowledge gained of the cytokine network, by highlighting its importance in inducing T helper-1 (...

Several experimental studies have demonstrated the existence of a natural immunobiological resistance cancer growth, which is mediated by both immune and neuroendocrine mechanism. Moreover, further researches have shown that the pineal gland plays a fundamental role in the natural antitumor resistance, by representing the most important anti-cancer...

The recent discovery in the neuropsychoimmunology of tumors has demonstrated that human body may produce not only pro-tumoral hormones such as estrogens, androgens, and perhaps GH itself but also antitumor endocrine molecules, the most important of them represented by pineal hormones, melatonin as the most investigated of them. The antitumor activi...

Thanks to the discoveries of psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology, we now know that every psychological state is mediated by a specific neurochemical condition and every neurochemical change in turn influences psychological status. We can now identify three different levels of neurochemical mediation of the psychological states: neurotransmission, neurom...

Aging and advanced cancer are characterized by similar neuroendocrine and immune deficiencies; the most important of them consist of diminished nocturnal production of the pineal hormone melatonin (MLT) and decreased production of IL-2. At present, however, it is known that the pineal gland may produce indole hormones other than MLT. The most inves...

The prognosis of cancer depends on both tumor and patient biological characteristics. Within host biological variables, lymphocytopenia is associated with a poor prognosis in advanced cancer patients. Moreover, lymphocyte number has been proven to be influenced by both tumor growth and antitumor therapies, among them radiotherapy (RT) would represe...

The recent discoveries in the oncological researches have demonstrated that the prognosis of the neoplastic diseases depends on not only the biological characteristics of tumors, including oncogene expression and growth factor receptor activity, but also on the immune status of cancer patients. This is because the well-documented importance of the...

Recent advances in the knowledge of the mechanisms responsible for antitumor immunity have stimulated the elaboration of new cancer immunotherapeutic strategies. Moreover, more recent discoveries have demonstrated that immune responses are under a physiological modulatory control played by several neuroendocrine pathways, which explain the differen...

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with IL-2-dependent cell-mediated immunodeficiency. As IL-2 is the main lymphocyte growth factor, a phase III randomized multicenter trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of subcutaneous low-dose IL-2 added to standard chemotherapy (CT) on overall survival (OS) in advanced NSCLC patients. Patien...

Background: The anti-oxidant and immunomodulating natural agents may enhance the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. One of the most important agents is the pineal hormone melatonin (MLT) which may exert both anti-oxidant and antiproliferative immunostimulating anticancer effects. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of a biochemotherapeu...

The anti-oxidant and immunomodulating natural agents may enhance the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. One of the most important agents is the pineal hormone melatonin (MLT) which may exert both anti-oxidant and antiproliferative immunostimulating anticancer effects. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of a biochemotherapeutic regimen...

IntroductionNeuroanathomy, neurochemistry and neurophysiology of the sexual orientation are still an enigma.The topical problem is to draw a systemic theory of the psycho-sexual status of people based on the great and often contradictory experimental data.

Cancer progression has been associated with neuroendocrine alterations involved in the control of the circadian rhythms, particularly those of cortisol. Moreover, the evidence of an altered cortisol rhythm may predict a poor prognosis in cancer patients. Finally, cancer progression has been proven to be associated with alterations in the pineal gla...

Psychological studies have documented the presence of a self-punishment profile in cancer patients. Recent immuno-oncological studies have shown that within the group of CD4(+) cells, which play a fundamental role in the generation of anticancer immunity, there is a subtype of cells that in contrast mediates the suppression of the anticancer immuni...

It has been shown that the neurohypophyseal peptide oxytocin is present in the human thymus and in vitro it can mimic interleukin (IL)-2 action in the induction of interferon-gamma production. In the present study, we tested the capacity of oxytocin to modulate the response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) a...

At present, it is known that cancer-related immunosuppression would mainly depend on an immunosuppressive action mediated by a subtype of CD4+ lymphocytes, the so-called regulatory T lymphocytes (T-reg), which are identified as CD4+CD25+ cells. Moreover, it has been shown that anticancer immunity is under psychoneuroendocrine regulation, mainly med...

Node involvement, negative estrogen receptor (ER) and HER2 expression are the main negative prognostic factors for breast cancer. Prolactin (PRL) is involved in the control of breast cancer growth and differentiation. Surgery-induced hyperprolactinemia seems to be a positive prognostic factor for operable breast cancer, whereas high PRL levels may...

Several clinical studies have clearly demonstrated that the immune status is one a major prognostic factor for the survival time in cancer patients. However the main clinical problem is to identify the most prognostically important index within the great number of immune parameters. Recently the evaluation of regulatory T (T-reg) (CD4CD25) lymphocy...

8019 Background: Non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with an IL-2-dependent cell-mediated immunodeficiency, and lymphocyte count is considered an independent prognostic factor as it seems to correlate with overall survival. A phase III randomized Italian multicentric trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous low-dose...

The recent advances in the psychoneuroendocrinology have suggested the possibility to modulate tumor hormone dependency through a neuroendocrine approach. In particular, it has been proven that the pineal neurohormone melatonin (MLT) may stimulate estrogen receptor (ER) expression in breast cancer cells and inhibit the aromatase activity. On this b...

Abbreviations: Melatonin (MLT), complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), disease control (DC), progressive disease (PD), T helper lymphocytes (TH, CD4 +), T regulatory lymphocytes (T reg, CD4 + CD25 +) Summary Background: The recent advances in understanding the immunobiological interactions responsible for cancer progres...

The induction of sleep would depend on interaction between gabaergic system and the pineal gland through its main hormone melatonin. Until few years ago benzodiazepines were the only drugs effective in the treatment of insomnia. Recently, however, both melatonin and acupressure have appear to be active in sleep disorders. The aim of study was to ev...

The recent advances in the analysis of tumor immunobiology suggest the possibility of biologically manipulating the efficacy and toxicity of cancer chemotherapy by endogenous or exogenous immunomodulating substances. Aloe is one of the of the most important plants exhibiting anticancer activity and its antineoplastic property is due to at least thr...

Today there is no doubt about the possible influence of the psychological status on cancer growth. In particular, it has been demonstrated that brain opioid system plays a fundamental role in mediating the psychic influence on tumor growth, either by modulating the immune functionless or by regulating cancer cell proliferation. However, the effects...

Desmoid tumour is a rare neoplasm locally invasive characterized from a high incidence of recurrence after surgical removal. Recently has been proven tumour growth pathological mechanism due to abnormal secretion of TGF β from fibroblasts and TNF from monocytes. This is the first detection of an endocrine immunological alteration involved in tumour...

The pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) may be a potential growth factor for breast cancer. High blood levels of PRL are associated with a poor prognosis in metastatic breast cancer whereas hyperprolactinemia after breast surgery may predict a better prognosis in women with operable breast cancer. The lack of postoperative hyperprolactinemia would re...

The cannabinoids have been proposed in the treatment of cancer. Generally, the cannabinoids are believed to be useful only in the palliative therapy of cancer-related symptoms, namely pain, anorexia and cachexia. However, preliminary experiments would also suggest an inhibitory effect of cannabinoids on cancer growth, whereas their influence on ant...

The evaluation of the immune status of cancer patients is not routinely included in clinical oncological practice mainly because of the great number of candidate immune parameters that could potentially be the best index of the status of anticancer immunity. Until recently, the T-helper/T-suppressor lymphocyte ratio (CD4/CD8) was considered to be a...

The recent advances in the psychooncological and psychoneuroimmunological investigations of cancer patients has allowed the rediscovery of the importance of spiritual faith in influencing the clinical course of neoplastic disease, not only in terms of supportive care but also as a potential prognostic variable. Clinical criteria were worked out to...

Aim of the study: Spirituality in its clinical applications today is mainly considered in terms of the presence of a religious belief or faith. Up to now most clinical tests that analyze spirituality have been limited to questionnaires on the religious profile, and have focused more on the behaviouraI aspects than on aspects regarding interior spir...

The treatment of pancreatic cancer is still rudimentary, even in the case of locally limited tumors, because of the high frequency of recurrence due to severe suppression of the anticancer immunity that is further amplified by surgery-induced immunosuppression, evidenced by a decline in lymphocyte numbers during the postoperative period. Previous s...

Lymphocytopenia represents one of the most evident side-effects of radiotherapy (RT), particularly in the case of irradiation of pelvis, since it is the main location of bone-marrow proliferating cells in adults. Because of the fundamental role of lymphocytes in suppressing anticancer immunity, RT-induced lymphocytopenia could negatively influence...

The majority of NSCLC patients are elderly, with significant co-pathologies and poor PS. Twenty-five patients with advanced NSCLC were enrolled in this study between October 2002 and April 2006. Sixty percent of them were 65 or older and 48% had a poor PS. The disease was seen to be progressive in all patients after at least one line of chemotherap...

Lymphocytopenia is one of the main toxicities of radiotherapy and its severity is related to the irradiation dose. The occurrence of lymphocytopenia depends on the body site of radiotherapy; it is most pronounced with pelvic irradiation, whereas the effect of brain irradiation on the lymphocyte count is to be elucidated. This preliminary study was...

Lymphocytopenia is one of the main toxicities of radiotherapy and its severity is related to the irradiation dose. The occurrence of lymphocytopenia depends on the body site of radiotherapy; it is most pronounced with pelvic irradiation, whereas the effect of brain irradiation on the lymphocyte count is to be elucidated. This preliminary study was...

Immunoneuroendocrine therapy for endocrine tumours represents a therapeutic strategy capable of inhibiting endocrine cancer growth by acting simultaneously on both endocrine and immune mechanisms. This strategy is realised by the administration of cytokines able to induce both endocrine and immune effects and/or neurohor-mones with immunomodulating...

Anticancer immunity is under psychoneuroendocrine regulation, mainly via the pineal gland and brain opioid system, which may stimulate and inhibit antitumor immunity respectively. Cancer-related immuno-suppression does not depend only on functional damage of immune cells, but also on alterations of systems responsible for the neuroimmunomodulation,...

The prognosis of cancer and the efficacy of the various anticancer therapies depend not only on tumor characteristics, but also on the endocrine and immune status of patients. Moreover, studies have shown that the clinical course of the neoplastic disease is also influenced by the psychospiritual status of patients. It is thus probable that the inf...