
Palayakotai R RaghavanIndependent Researcher · RESEARCHER
Palayakotai R Raghavan
Ph.D
Applications of nano emulsions in chronic and infectious diseases and stem cell research and gene expression studies.
About
114
Publications
71,873
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723
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Introduction
CEO of Nanorx Inc a privately held Company founded in 2008, Education
Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from Oregon State University(1979) and an M.S in Chemistry(1972) from I.I.T Mumbai, India. Worked on drug discovery for over 25 years at Columbia University, Max-Planck Institute, Germany, Ciba-Geigy (now Novartis) and Boehringer Ingelheim. He has over 35 US and International patents
Linked In account:www.linkedin.com/in/palayakotai-raghavan-9327304
Additional affiliations
August 1987 - April 1990
Ciba Geigy ( Novartis)
Position
- Senior Researcher
Description
- Drug Metabolism and radio active synthesis of drugs and metabolites
January 1995 - January 2008
MCR PHARMA
Position
- CEO
Description
- RESEARCH CONSULTING AND BIODIESEL RESARCH
April 1990 - December 1994
Boehringer Ingelheim, CT, USA
Position
- Principal Investigator
Education
March 1973 - June 1978
Publications
Publications (114)
Objective: To show the antiviral activity of Metadichol ® against Zika virus by an in-vitro assay.
Methods: The primary Anti-Zika virus assay was performed using
real-time RT-qPCR (TaqMan) to measure extracellular Zika virus
RNA copy number associated with virions released from vero cells.
The ‘vero’ cell line (kidney epithelial cells extracted fro...
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble antioxidant. Today we meet our requirements of vitamin C through consumption of fruits and vegetables or by supplementation. Homo sapiens cannot produce vitamin C like many other species that can convert glucose to vitamin C. The gene for enzyme production is dormant in humans. The gene, GU...
Increasing outbreaks of new pathogenic viruses have promoted the exploration of novel alternatives to time-consuming vaccines. Thus, it is necessary to develop a universal approach to halt the spread of new and unknown viruses as they are discovered. One such promising approach is to target lipid membranes, which are common to all viruses and bacte...
Human nuclear receptors (NRs) involve 49 ligand-dependent transcription factors that are important for regulating the cell cycle and processes. There are many literature references to work on NR expression in many organs, abnormal cells, and tissues. However, a simple universal method to study the expression of NR is still missing. Here, we present...
Summary:
Metadichol, a nano-formulation of long-chain alcohols, was found to modulate the expression of multiple gene families implicated in cancer, including:
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs)
Nuclear receptors
Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
Sirtuins
Circadian clock genes
Other cancer-related genes like Klotho, TP53, TERT, and FOXO1
At low concentrations (1...
CD14, or cluster of differentiation 14, is a glycoprotein essential to the immune system and is found primarily on monocytes, macrophages, and other immune cells. Despite its importance, there are no examples in the literature of small compounds that can induce multifold expression of CD14 in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or fibroblasts. This...
CD14, or cluster of differentiation 14, is a glycoprotein essential to the immune system and is found primarily on monocytes, macrophages, and other immune cells. Despite its importance, there are no examples in the literature of small compounds that can induce multifold expression of CD14 in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or fibroblasts. This...
Toll-like receptors are essential players in the innate immune signaling system and play critical roles in recognizing pathogen associated and damage-associated molecular patterns. Its presence in various cancer cells, including breast, ovarian, cervical, colon, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate, lung cancer, melanoma, and neuroblastoma cells, has...
Circadian clock genes regulate many physiological processes, including sleep, metabolism, inflammation, and cancer. Disruptions in these cycles are associated with heightened vulnerability to cancer, psychiatric diseases, and neurological problems. Circadian clock genes play a vital role in the growth and progression of cancer. Manipulating the cir...
The reprogramming of somatic cells into embryonic-like stem cells requires the activation of four essential transcription factors, referred to as the Yamanaka factors: Sox2, Oct4, Klf4, and c-Myc. However, the utilization of these genes and viral vectors for their delivery presents a risk of carcinogenesis, which renders induced pluripotent stem ce...
Circadian clock genes regulate many physiological processes, including sleep, metabolism, inflammation, and cancer. Disruptions in these cycles are associated with heightened vulnerability to cancer, psychiatric diseases, and neurological problems. Circadian clock genes play a vital role in the growth and progression of cancer. Manipulating the cir...
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are fundamental components of the innate immune system and function as the primary sensors of invading pathogens by recognizing prevalent microbial compounds. The expression of all ten transcription factors belonging to the TLR family (1-10), with the exception of TLR4, exhibited an inverted U-shaped reaction to metadicho...
metadichol, a nanoemulsion of
long-chain alcohols, significantly increased the expression of the CRY1, CLOCK, and PPARGC1A genes by 4-5-fold in human fibroblasts. Additionally, 100 ng of metadichol maintained the expression of the PER1 and BMAL1 genes, as confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-rt-PCR) data. The lack of
si...
Zoonotic viruses, such as coronaviruses, the Ebola virus, the Zika virus, Nipah, Laasa, and rabies, can be transmitted from animals to humans (1). There is a need to develop inhibitors because they can potentially prevent or treat viral infections in humans and animals (2). Metadichol® is a nanoemulsion of long-chain alcohols that is a potent inhib...
Endocrine gene expression in PANC-1, a type of pancreatic cancer cell, has been studied in the context of their potential to be reprogrammed toward a normal, differentiated state. Alkaline phosphatase activity has also been shown in pluripotent stem cells to differentiate between feeder and parental cells in reprogramming experiments. Metadichol®-b...
Metadichol ® differentiates PANC1 cells into producing cells that can express insulin
Endocrine gene expression in PANC-1, a type of pancreatic cancer cell, has been studied in the context of their potential to be reprogrammed toward a normal, differentiated state. Alkaline phosphatase activity has also been shown in pluripotent stem cells to differentiate between feeder and parental cells in reprogramming experiments. Metadichol ®...
Endocrine gene expression in PANC-1, a type of pancreatic cancer cell, has been studied in the context of their potential to be reprogrammed toward a normal, differentiated state. Alkaline phosphatase activity has also been shown in pluripotent stem cells to differentiate between feeder and parental cells in reprogramming experiments. Metadichol ®...
There are seven sirtuin genes in humans that encode seven sirtuin enzymes (SIRT1-7), each of which has unique functions and subcellular locations. Sirtuins are NAD +-dependent protein deacetylases that play a significant role in physiological processes such as energy metabolism, stress responses, DNA repair, and gene expression. Sirtuins are essent...
There are seven sirtuin genes in humans that encode seven sirtuin enzymes (SIRT1–7), each of which has unique functions and subcellular locations. Sirtuins are NAD ⁺ -dependent protein deacetylases that play a significant role in physiological processes such as energy metabolism, stress responses, DNA repair, and gene expression. Sirtuins are essen...
There are seven sirtuin genes in humans that encode seven sirtuin enzymes (SIRT1–7), each of which has unique functions and subcellular locations. Sirtuins are NAD ⁺ -dependent protein deacetylases that play a significant role in physiological processes such as energy metabolism, stress responses, DNA repair, and gene expression. Sirtuins are essen...
Klotho is a well-known tumor suppressor hormone that exhibits anti-cancer and anti-aging properties. Klotho levels are low or non-existent in cancer patients. Klotho protein levels decrease with aging; maintaining consistent levels may prevent disease and promote healthier aging. Metadichol is a nano emulsion of long-chain alcohols C26, C28, and C3...
Background. Producing neurons from fibroblast cells has the potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by neuron loss. Neurodegenerative diseases are a growing problem in the current aging, developed world populations. Metadichol® is a nontoxic nanoemulsion of long-chain lipid alcohols, currently available as an oral supplement.
M...
The human nuclear receptor (NR) consists of 49 ligand-dependent transcription factors that play a critical role in development, metabolism, reproduction, cell cycle, differentiation, and diseases, e.g., cancer and cardiovascular disease, to name a few. Today, we have gene sequencing data on NR presence in many organs, disease cells, and tissues. We...
The conversion of somatic cells back into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or embryonic-like stem cells involves the introduction of four genes commonly called Yamanaka factors, i.e., Sox2, Oct4, Klf4, and c-Myc, into the cells. Because these genes and the viral vectors used to introduce them into cells have the potential to cause cancer, iPS...
Human nuclear receptors (NRs) involve 49 ligand-dependent transcription factors that are important for regulating the cell cycle and processes. There are many literature references to work on NR expression in many organs, abnormal cells, and tissues. However, a simple universal method to study the expression of NR is still missing. Here, we present...
The conversion of somatic cells back into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or embryonic-like stem cells involves the introduction of four genes commonly called Yamanaka factors, i.e., Sox2, Oct4, Klf4, and c-Myc, into the cells. Because these genes and the viral vectors used to introduce them into cells have the potential to cause cancer, iPS...
The conversion of somatic cells back into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or embryonic-like stem cells involves the introduction of four genes commonly called Yamanaka factors, i.e., Sox2, Oct4, Klf4, and c-Myc, into the cells. Because these genes and the viral vectors used to introduce them into cells have the potential to cause cancer, iPS...
The conversion of somatic cells back into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or embryonic-like stem cells involves the introduction of four genes commonly called Yamanaka factors, i.e., Sox2, Oct4, Klf4, and c-Myc, into the cells. Because these genes and the viral vectors used to introduce them into cells have the potential to cause cancer, iPS...
The conversion of somatic cells back into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or embryonic-like stem cells involves the introduction of four genes commonly called Yamanaka factors: SOX2, OCT4, KLF4, and c-MYC. One drawback is that these genes and the viral vectors used to introduce them into cells have the potential to cause cancer, and these iP...
We donated samples of Metadichol to a large covid hospital that treats only covid patients. The results were impressive 75% covid negative after 4 days @ dosage of 20 mg per day
New pathogenic virus outbreaks with increasing regularity are leading us to explore novel approaches, which will reduce the reliance on a time-consuming vaccine mode to halt the strike. The requirement is to find a universal approach to disarm any new and as yet unknown viruses as they appear. A promising approach could be by targeting the lipids m...
New pathogenic virus outbreaks, occurring with increasing regularity, are leading us to explore novel approaches, which will reduce the reliance on time-consuming vaccine modes to halt the outbreaks. The requirement is to find a universal approach to disarm any new and as yet unknown viruses as they appear. A promising approach could be targeting l...
New pathogenic virus outbreaks, occurring with increasing regularity, are leading us to explore novel approaches, which will reduce the reliance on time-consuming vaccine modes to halt the outbreaks. The requirement is to find a universal approach to disarm any new and as yet unknown viruses as they appear. A promising approach could be targeting l...
Background
New pathogenic virus outbreaks, occurring with increasing regularity, are leading us to explore novel approaches, which will reduce the reliance on time-consuming vaccine modes to halt the outbreaks. The requirement is to find a universal approach to disarm any new and as yet unknown viruses as they appear. A promising approach could be...
New pathogenic virus outbreaks, occurring with increasing regularity, are leading us to explore novel approaches, which will reduce the reliance on time-consuming vaccine modes to halt the outbreaks. The requirement is to find a universal approach to disarm any new and as yet unknown viruses as they appear. A promising approach could be targeting l...
New pathogenic virus outbreaks, occurring with increasing regularity, are leading us to explore novel approaches, which will reduce the reliance on time-consuming vaccine modes to halt the outbreaks. The requirement is to find a universal approach to disarm any new and as yet unknown viruses as they appear. A promising approach could be targeting l...
New pathogenic virus outbreaks, occurring with increasing regularity, are leading us to explore novel approaches, which will reduce the reliance on time-consuming vaccine modes to halt the outbreaks. The requirement is to find a universal approach to disarm any new and as yet unknown viruses as they appear. A promising approach could be targeting l...
Increasing outbreaks of new pathogenic viruses have promoted the exploration of novel alternatives to time-consuming vaccines. Thus, it is necessary to develop a universal approach to halt the spread of new and unknown viruses as they are discovered. One such promising approach is to target lipid membranes, which are common to all viruses and bacte...
Metadichol ® is a food derived nano emulsion that is effective against many viruses ( over 17 of them) . It acts on viruses through multiple pathway most likely through disruption of the protective lipid membrane layer than viruses. In case of COVID 19 we present data that it blocks optimally ACE2 and Nuclear Androgen receptor which controls expres...
METADICHOL increases Vitamin C and reaches levels not achievable orally and this has enormous implications in infectious diseases LIKE SARS and Corona
New pathogenic virus outbreaks, occurring with increasing regularity, are leading us to explore novel approaches, which will reduce the reliance on time-consuming vaccine modes to halt the outbreaks. The requirement is to find a universal approach to disarm any new and as yet unknown viruses as they appear. A promising approach could be targeting l...
Humans face a constant threat from pathogens like influenza varieties H1N1, H5N1, and others and there is a need to prevent these from epidemics. The pathogens depend on successful colonization of the host in order to reproduce and multiply. Sialidases are known as neuraminidases are a group of enzymes, the most abundant of these being the exo-sial...
Metadichol ® and its effects on Tuberculosis
An estimated 200 million individuals worldwide have a thyroid disorder. Thyroid diseases affect seven times more
women than men. People not diagnosed make up the majority of thyroid patients. There is a need to find novel and safe
ways to change the underlying disease processes, rather than merely stop excess thyroid hormone production as in
hypert...
Humans are keenly aware of their mortality. Given a limited time what we do with our life is a reflection of knowledge of our mortality. In 2009 the Nobel prize in medicine to Jack W Szostak, Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol W Greider for their work on Telomerase and scientific research exploded in this area. Telomere protect chromosome ends the Telomera...
Liver diseases are becoming a major health concern. In the developing countries it is due to microbial infection. In the rest of the developed world it is due to alcohol abuse. Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are a significant health concern in western countries. It is the fifth most common cause of death, after heart disease, cancer, stroke, a...
CD33 also known as Siglec-3 is endogenously expressed in stem cells and is a marker for the myeloid lineage of cells. Increased expression of CD33 thus allows it to bind to any Sialic Acids (SIAs). These acids are binding sites for pathogens and toxins. By binding to these acids, CD33 can prevent invasion of hosts by these pathogens. Down-regulatio...
Klotho is an anti-aging protein that is mostly secreted by the kidneys, the brain, and the thyroid. It plays a significant role in regulating kidney function and vascular health. Klotho gene is named after "the Spinner" (Clotho from Greek mythology), the goddess who spins the thread of life. Klotho is a transmembrane protein known to be a co-recept...
Insulin and IGF signaling require a family of scaffold proteins, also called as Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS) proteins to integrate extracellular signals into intracellular responses, leading to cellular effects. Two main IRS proteins in humans are IRS1 and IRS2 and are widely expressed in most human and mammalian tissues. In this study, IRS1, I...
Metadichol ® is a nano formulation of long-chain lipid alcohols derived from food It is a inverse agonist of Vitamin
D receptor (VDR), Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), and ROR gamma (RORC) that could have beneficial effects on
skin diseases. We now present case studies of patients with various skin diseases who has symptoms mitigated on
treatment w...
Umbilical cord blood has found use in the clinic for more than 40 years in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation therapies to treat patients with bone marrow diseases or to reconstitute the bone of those cancer patients who had to have theirs wiped out to cure their leukemia or lymphoma. A feature is the presence of CD34 antigen in of hematopoiet...
Metadichol, a novel nano emulsion of lipid alcohols, up regulates the expression of GULO gene in mouse at
picogram levels. 3T3-L1 pre adipocyte cells were differentiated using differentiating media. Post differentiation, the
cells were treated with different concentrations of Metadichol for 24 hours and untreated cells served as control.
Whole RNA...
Insulin and IGF signaling require a family of scaffold proteins, also called as Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS) proteins to integrate extracellular signals into intracellular responses, leading to cellular effects. Two main IRS proteins in humans are IRS1 and IRS2 and are widely expressed in most human and mammalian tissues. In this study, IRS1, I...
Klotho is an anti-aging protein that is mostly secreted by the kidneys, the brain, and the thyroid. It plays a significant role in regulating kidney function and vascular health. Klotho gene is named after "the Spinner" (Clotho from Greek mythology), the goddess who spins the thread of life. Klotho is a transmembrane protein known to be a co-recept...
Psoriasis affects 3% of the population worldwide, and there is no known cure. Psoriasis is associated with an
increased risk of psoriatic arthritis, lymphomas, cardiovascular disease, and Crohn’s disease. Psoriasis treatments
today include steroid and vitamin D3 cream, ultraviolet light, and immune systemsuppressing medications such as
methotrexate...
A b stract Metadichol® [1] is a Nanoemulsion of long-chain alcohols called as Policosanol and is present in foods such as rice, sugar cane, wheat, and peanuts. Metadichol® acts on Nuclear Vitamin D receptors (VDR) that have a ubiquitous presence in cells and tissues of the body to stimulate the immune system and inhibit a variety of disease process...
We recently reported that Metadichol ® [1] brings about a three to four-fold increase in Vitamin C levels in patients without the use of Vitamin C supplementation. In this study of 6 patients who experienced a 5-12 fold increase in plasma Vitamin C levels higher than 80-100 u mol/L level which is the highest reported to date by oral supplementation...
Red blood cells originate in the bone marrow. Red cell distribution width (RDW) show sizes of circulating erythrocytes (RBC) and has been explored in several large clinical databases to be a robust marker of adverse clinical outcomes in patients. The prognostic value of RDW is seen in other conditions with end-organ dysfunction such as renal failur...
Metadichol® is a Nanoemulsion of long-chain alcohols found in many foods. Metadichol acts as an inverse agonist
on Nuclear Vitamin D receptors (VDR) that have a ubiquitous presence in cells and acts by modulating the
immune system and affects many biological processes to modulate many diseases.
We have demonstrated that Metadichol is useful in both...
Metadichol®, [1] a nano formulation a mixture of long chain alcohols that is present in many foods like rice and sugar cane and is derived from the waste of the sugar cane industry. It is a renewable resource. Most of the clinical data in literature is a: non-nano formulation either a tablet or capsule which have not shown any efficacy.
Given its s...
Metadichol® a nano formulation and mixture of long chain alcohols that is present in many foods like rice and sugar cane. It is derived from the waste of the sugar cane industry and therefore, it is a renewable resource. Most of the clinical data in the literature are from non-nano formulations either in a tablet or a capsule form which has not sho...
Metadichol® is a Nano emulsion of long-chain alcohols called as Policosanol and is present in foods such as rice, sugar cane, wheat, and peanuts. Metadichol® acts on Nuclear Vitamin D receptors (VDR) that are present in cells throughout the body to stimulate the immune system and inhibit a variety of disease processes, resulting from inflammation t...
Metadichol® is a Nanoemulsion of long-chain alcohols found in many foods. Metadichol acts as an inverse ag-onist on Nuclear Vitamin D receptors (VDR) that have a ubiquitous presence in cells and acts by modulating the immune system and affects many biological processes to modulate many diseases. We have demonstrated that Metadichol is useful in bot...
Metadichol ® [1] is a Nanoemulsion of long-chain alcohols called as Policosanol and is present in foods such as rice, sugar cane, wheat, and peanuts. Metadichol ® acts on Nuclear Vitamin D receptors (VDR) that have a ubiquitous presence in cells and tissues of the body to stimulate the immune system and inhibit a variety of disease processes, resul...
Metadichol ® [1] is a Nanoemulsion of long-chain alcohols found in many foods. It is commonly called Policosanol and is present in foods such as rice, sugar cane, wheat, peanuts Metadichol acts as an inverse agonist on Nuclear Vitamin D receptors (VDR) that are present in cells throughout the body to stimulate the immune system and affects many bio...
The inevitable, but unpredictable, appearance of new infectious diseases has been recognized for centuries well before the discovery of causative infectious agents. Today, however, despite advances in development of therapeutics, and vaccines the ease of world travel and increased global interdependence have added layers of complexity to containing...
Metadichol® is a Nanoemulsion of long-chain alcohols found in many foods. Metadichol acts as an inverse agonist
on Nuclear Vitamin D receptors (VDR) that have a ubiquitous presence in cells and acts by modulating the
immune system and affects many biological processes to modulate many diseases.
We have demonstrated that Metadichol is useful in both...
Metadichol ® a novel nano emulsion of lipid alcohols is an Inverse agonist of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR). In
this communication, we show that Metadichol is an inverse agonist of the nuclear receptor AHR (Aryl
Hydrocarbon receptor) and also an inhibitor of NRF2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2)) and is a
transcription factor that is ubiqui...
Metadichol® is a nano emulsion of long-chain alcohols found in many foods. It is commonly called Policosanol and is present in foods such as rice, sugar cane, wheat, peanuts. Metadichol® acts on Nuclear Vitamin D receptors (VDR) that are present in cells throughout the body to stimulate the immune system and inhibit a variety of disease processes,...
Abstract
Objective: To show the antiviral activity of Metadichol® against Zika
virus by an in-vitro assay.
Methods: The primary Anti-Zika virus assay was performed using
real-time RT-qPCR (TaqMan) to measure extracellular Zika virus
RNA copy number associated with virions released from vero cells.
The ‘vero’ cell line (kidney epithelial cells extra...
Metadichol (US patent 8,722,093) is a Nano emulsion of long-chain alcohols found in many foods. It is commonly called Policosanol and is present in foods such as rice, sugar cane, wheat, peanuts. Metadichol acts on Nuclear Vitamin D receptors (VDR) (US patent 9,006,292) that are present in cells throughout the body to stimulate the immune system an...
Metadichol (US patent 8,722,093) is a Nano emulsion of long-chain alcohols found in many foods. It is commonly called Policosanol and is present in foods such as rice, sugar cane, wheat, peanuts Metadichol acts on Nuclear Vitamin D receptors (VDR) (US patent 9,006,292) that are present in cells throughout the body to stimulate the immune system and...
Background
Metadichol (1,2) is a Nano emulsion of long-chain alcohols called policosanols which are found in many foods like rice, wheat, grapes, sugar cane, apple and many others (3). It acts on membrane receptors in cells throughout the body to stimulate the immune system and inhibit a variety of disease processes, including those that result in...
Discusses nanoparticles of 50-70% Octacosanol and Pure Octacosanol
[0001] The present invention relates to a novel formulation of Metadichol ® a Nano particulate in liquid oral and in polymeric Nano gel formulation. The Metadichol® formulation (previously described in US patent 8,722,093 ) behaves as an inverse agonist against the Vitamin D receptor (VDR). This application relates to methods of treating, and preve...
The present invention provides nanoparticulate policosanol, formulations including these particles, as a well as methods of using the particles and formulations for treatment and pro phylaxis of various diseases and conditions.
Questions
Questions (2)
Is anybody aware of work where somatic cells were treated with say small molecules and expressed nuclear receptors ?? If so would appreciate hearing from you
we have a nano formulation that needs to tested against COVID19. INVITRO in a lab. Does anybody know where it can be tested
Dr Ragahvan