Palaksha Kj

• PhD., Post-doc
• Professor at SDM Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences

Millets are small grains or cereal crops cultivated in many parts of the world categorized into major and minor millets. These are grown in hilly, semi-arid, and mountainous regions and these are pretty resilient to many agroclimatic conditions like poor rainfall and soil fertility. Millets are embedded with adequate amounts of nutrition such as ma...

In oxygen-deprived conditions cells respond by activating adaptive mechanisms to bolster their survival and protect tissue integrity. A key player in this process is the HIF-1α signaling cascade, meticulously regulated by Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain 2 (PHD2), which plays a central role in orchestrating cellular responses to fluctuating oxygen levels....

Background Melanocytes are an essential part of the epidermis, and their regeneration has received much attention because propagation of human adult melanocytes in vitro is too slow for clinical use. Differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells to melanocytes has been reported, but the protocols to produce them require multiple and complex dif...

The study evaluated expression profiles of few regulatory lncRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal mucosa adjacent to oral cancer using paired fresh frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues stored at a different duration of time (1-5 years) using real-time quantitative PCR. The quantity and quality of total RNA isolated...

The prevalence of neurological illnesses is a leading cause of mortality and disability is rising globally. It is the second greatest cause of death globally. Multiple years of life adjusted for incidence of death and disability (DALY), the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) by age and sex, are used to classify...

Background Melanocytes are an essential part of the epidermis, and their regeneration has received much attention because propagation of human adult melanocytes in vitro is too slow for clinical use. Differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells to melanocytes has been reported, but the protocols to produce them require multiple and complex dif...

One of the major global issues is the urgency of nosocomial infections, biofilm development, and antibiotic resistance. The ESKAPE pathogens are a significant factor in these problems (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species). These pathogens, ofte...

Background: Due to financial constraints, there are limited treatment options for Aplastic anemia (AA) in developing countries. Aims and Objectives: In the present observational retrospective study, utility of Cyclosporine A (CsA) along with Danazol (an anabolic steroid) in AA was assessed. Materials and Methods: The study included patients of AA...

We evaluate the relative quantification of mRNA ex-pression levels of the gene encoding an enzyme that catal-yses initial step in glycosylation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide such as dolichyl-phosphate N-acetyl-glucosaminephosphotransferase 1 (DPAGT1). Further-more, beta-1,4-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase (MGAT3)...

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The etiology of this alarming condition is multifactorial. A Recently increasing trend in IBD is noted in our country. Objective: The present study was designed with the main objective to assess the incidence and to identify the...

Peptides are small biomolecule which acts a bioactive or host defense molecules. These peptides have a significant role in medicinal values because of their broad spectrum antimicrobial properties. Marine sources are the largest supply of peptides and natural small molecules, since they represent half of the total global biodiversity. Among the dif...

Enterococci are commensal bacteria in the gastrointestinal flora of animals and humans. These are an important global cause of nosocomial infections. A Biofilm formation constitutes an alternative lifestyle in which microorganisms adopt a multi-cellular behavior that facilitates and prolongs survival in diverse environmental niches. The species of...

Background Sialic acids are alpha-keto acids with nine carbons that are commonly present in the terminal sugars of glycans on glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surface. Sialic acids have a role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes by interacting with carbohydrates and proteins, communicating between cells, and acting as...

Background A recent global outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) created a pandemic and emerged as a potential threat to humanity. The analysis of virus genetic composition has revealed that the spike protein, one of the major structural proteins, facilitates the entry of the virus to host c...

BACKGROUND A recent global outbreak of COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) created a pandemic and emerged as a potential threat to humanity. The analysis of virus genetic composition has revealed that the spike protein, one of the major structural proteins, facilitates the entry of the virus to host c...

Background Many drugs have the potential to induce the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes, particularly cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), in hepatocytes. Hepatocytes can be accurately evaluated for drug-mediated CYP3A4 induction; this is the gold standard for in vitro hepatic toxicology testing. However, the variation from lot to lot is an issue t...

Our previous study on the binding activity between Cel5H and clay minerals showed highest binding efficiency among other cellulase enzymes cloned. Here, based on previous studies, we hypothesized that the positive amino acids on the surface of Cel5H protein may play an important role in binding to clay surfaces. To examine this, protein sequences o...

Aberrant glycosylation, particularly sialylation is considered a significant characteristic of malignancy. Aberrant sialylation has been connected with several neoplastic disorders. The role of abnormal sialylation in oral cancer blood, on the other hand, is still in its early stages. The present study focussed to examine relative quantification of...

Ammonia has a cytotoxic effect and can therefore be used as a selection agent for enrichment of zone I hepatocytes. However, it has not yet been determined whether ammonia-treated hepatocyte-like cells are able to proliferate in vitro. In this study, we employed an ammonia selection strategy to purify hepatocyte-like cells that were differentiated...

Many drugs have the potential to induce the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes, particularly cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), in hepatocytes. Hepatocytes can accurately evaluate drug-mediated CYP3A4 induction as the gold standard for in vitro hepatic toxicology test, but their lot variation is an issue to be solved. Only a limited number of immor...

Zone I and zone III hepatocytes metabolize ammonia through urea cycle and drug by cytochrome P450, respectively. Ammonia has a cytotoxic effect, and can therefore be used as a selection agent for enrichment of hepatocytes. Besides, isolated hepatocytes from livers can be propagated ex vivo under appropriate condition. However, it has not been inves...

Healthy and high quality of life has become the main issue with increasing human life span. Many biological treatments for osteoarthritis of the knee have been tried with limited success. We compared data from 7 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty and 46 patients who underwent autologous bone-marrow mesenchymal cell induced chondrogenesi...

Background: Oral health diseases are common in all regions of the world. Mouth rinses are widely used generally by population as a port of daily oral care regimen. In addition to antimicrobial activity, mouth rinses possess certain cytotoxic effects. Electron-beam (E-beam) radiation is a form of ionizing energy known to induce structural, physical,...

The electron beam (e-beam) radiation is considered as an effective means of sterilization of healthcare products as well as to induce the structural changes in the pharmaceutical agents/drug molecules. In addition to structural changes of pharmaceutical it also induces the formation of low molecular weight compounds with altered microbiological, ph...

Background: The persistent pathogenic microorganisms in root canal system even after chemo-mechanical preparations cause endodontic infection and failure of the treatment. Thus the filling material, in addition to its good sealing ability, should offer long term antimicrobial effect and be non-toxic to cells and dentin. Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE) is...

Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) is a critical molecule for the self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. Recent reports have shown that Oct4 also controls cell-cycle progression and enhances the proliferation of various types of cells. As the high proliferation of donor fibroblasts is critical to the production of transge...

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) based cell therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for treatment of several degenerative, infectious and non-infectious diseases. Numerous studies have demonstrated the remarkable immunosuppressive and antibacterial effects of MSCs both in vitro and in vivo , in animal models and in humans. However, the a...

The epidermal secretion of fish contains various non-specific immune substances that act as the first line of defense against invading pathogens. The present study investigated the level of mucosal antibodies, the activities of hemagglutinin and protease, and other enzymes in the skin mucus of farm reared olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) for...

Shelters play an important role in growth and survival of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, since it is ag-gressive and has territorial and agonistic behavior. The effect of three types of shelters, namely, Eichhornea plant, used tires and PVC pipes on survival and growth of M. rosenbergii was investigated in soil based and fertilized cem...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord caused by the trauma or disease that results in compromised or loss of body function. Subsequent to SCI in humans, many individuals have residual motor and sensory deficits that impair functional performance and quality of life. The available treatments for SCI are rehabilitation therapy, activi...

Macelignan which isolated from Myristica fragrans Houtt has been suggested that it acts as PPAR α/γ dual agonist for diabetic patients. However, macelignan contains a small amount of safrole considering as carcinogen. Here we investigated that its toxic effect on heart in vitro and in vivo . The systolic blood pressure, pulse and the component of b...

Nitric oxide (NO) may aggravate neuronal injury after spinal cord injury (SCI). We hypothesized that NO produced by inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) accelerates secondary damage to spinal tissue, which may be reversed by a neuroprotectant, melatonin. This study investigated the effects of combination therapy with melatonin (10mg/kg) and exercise (10m/...

The purpose of this study was to confirm the behavioral features of spinal cord injury (SCI) and to investigate the effects of melatonin on muscle atrophy and shifts in myosin heavy chain (MHC) in an SCI model. SCIs were surgically induced in eight‐week‐old male Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats that had been randomly divided into three groups: Control, SCI...

A monoclonal antibody-based immunodot test was compared to a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for managing white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) on shrimp farms at Kundapur and Kumta situated in Udupi and Uttar Kannada Districts, respectively, of Karnataka on the west coast of India. Of 12 grow-out farms in Kundapur, 6 (F1 to F6) yielded shrimp sam...

The innate immune system, particularly the external body surface, plays a frontier role in protecting fish under intensive aquaculture and at prolonged low temperatures from relevant infections due to inadequate adaptive immune responses. In the present study we aimed to understand the mucosal immunity of an economically important mariculture fish,...

Streptococcus iniae is the major etiological agent of streptococcosis, which is responsible for hemorrhagic septicemia in fish, particularly olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). In the present study, we sought to understand the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of S. iniae in order to develop a vaccine for streptococcosis. Immunoproteomics, a te...

A comparative immunoproteomic study was carried out to investigate the immunogenicity of capsulate (KG9408) and non-capsulate (NSS9310) strains of Lactococcus garvieae. Immunoblot assays, following two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) for L. garvieae strains, revealed a significant difference between anti-capsulate and anti-non-capsulate rabb...

The present study was undertaken to produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against immunoglobulin (Ig) purified from black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli Higendorf) serum using protein A, mannan binding protein, and goat IgG affinity columns. These three different ligands were found to possess high affinity for black rockfish serum Ig. All of the Igs p...

To examine the proteomes of 2 important causative agents of fish streptococcosis, Streptococcus iniae ATCC29178 and Lactococcus garvieae KG9408, we used 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by mass spectrometry to generate 2-DE maps of these type strains. Silver-stained 2-DE gels of S. iniae ATCC29178 and L. garvieae KG9408 revealed ap...

The efficacy of protein A-horse radish peroxidase (HRP), as compared to that of mouse polyclonal antibody raised against purified Ig, in detection of black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli Higendorf) immunoglobulin (Ig) was examined. Protein A affinity chromatography successfully purified Ig from black rockfish serum; the purified-Ig could be visualise...

The present study was conducted with the goal of evaluating the viability of spermatozoa of the Deccan mahseer (Tor khudree, Cyprinidae) cryopreserved using different strategies. Immotile spermatozoa pooled from 2-4 males were diluted with modified fish Ringer's solution (pH: 7.48) and protected with dimethyl sulfoxide (Me(2)SO) at 5%, 10%, and 15%...

The olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an important mariculture fish in Korea, but its farming has been negatively impacted by bacterial diseases such as streptococcosis. Here, we sought new methods for identifying and characterizing the S. iniae and L. garvieae populations present in fish farms located along the southern coast of Korea. Co...

This study was conducted to explore the relationship between two isolates of Neospora caninum (N. caninum) (KBA-2 and VMDL-1) using proteomics. To achieve the goal, proteins of N. caninum tachyzoite lysates of KBA-2 and VMDL-1 were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), stained with silver-nitrate and analyzed using matrix-assiste...

Protein profiles of two isolates of Neospora caninum (KBA-2 and JPA1) and Toxoplasma gondii RH strain were investigated by proteomic approach. Approximately, 78% of protein spots on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) profiles and 80% of antigen spots on 2-DE immunoblotting profiles were exhibited to share the same pI and M(r) between KBA-2...

Black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) is an important mariculture species in Korea. The production of this fish is drastically declined due to bacterial diseases, particularly streptococcosis caused by Lactococcus garvieae. The bacterial surface characteristics of SJ7 and TY6 were found to have capsule but not NB13 and YS18. The experiential evaluati...