Pal Varga

Budapest University of Technology and Economics · Department of Telecommunications and Media Informatics

The upcoming technology of Digital Twin is being pursued by wide range of researchers and practitioners. Despite various attempts, it is not possible to come up with a single or group of standards that can serve as a universal solution for implementing and maintenance of Digital Twins. The well established concept of System of Systems can play an i...

Navigation plays a pivotal role in the operation of real-world complex networks. In this paper, we delve into the extensive realm of the ’store and forward’ principle, comprising two fundamental components: the addressing scheme for network nodes and the routing function responsible for establishing paths between network endpoints. Particularly, we...

Engineering tools support the process of creating, operating, maintaining, and evolving systems throughout their lifecycle. Toolchains are sequences of tools that build on each others’ output during this procedure. The complete chain of tools itself may not even be recognized by the humans who utilize them, people may just recognize the right tool...

The industrial landscape is swiftly progressing toward Industry 5.0, marking the fifth revolution characterized by the integration of sustainable practices and digital sovereignty. This article advocates for the adoption, expansion, and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled hardware, tools, methods, and semiconductor technologies i...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a game-changer across numerous industrial areas, revolutionizing the way businesses operate and enhancing their competitiveness. The Arrowhead Framework, renowned for its service-oriented architecture and interconnectivity principles, presents an ideal platform for the development and deployment of AI-driven...

In order to exchange information between systems, the information must get encoded into a predefined data format, and it must be transferred in a protocol that the communicating parties have agreed upon. This works well if all parties follow the same protocol standard and use the same data description schemes. If systems use different data formats...

It is a very popular era for machine learning (ML) applications, and Industry5.0 aims to have AI as one of its key technologies. Still, only a few ML initiatives make it to a production-grade implementation, mostly due to lacking proper Continuous Integration and Delivery framework and MLOps practices. This is especially true for industrial use cas...

The proliferation of fifth-generation (5G) networks has opened up new opportunities for the deployment of cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) systems. However, the large-scale implementation of 5G-based C-V2X poses critical challenges requiring thorough investigation and resolution for successful deployment. This paper aims to identify and analy...

Digital Twins help to optimize the overall engineering process – from requirement setting through design and operations to maintenance and evolution. In order to handle the complexity they may bring throughout the lifecycle, it is worth modeling the behavior and interactions of physical systems. The same applies to digital twins, although modeling...

Current state of the art in vertical farming faces numerous challenges around optimisation and efficiency. This new domain of agriculture is targeting high level of automated and autonomous operations, which require advanced sensing and actuating capabilities with new types of process control. Although while several commercial solutions are already...

In an era ruled by data and information, engineers need new tools to cope with the increased complexity of industrial operations. New architectural models for industry enable open communication environments, where workflows can play a major role in providing flexible and dynamic interactions between systems. Workflows help engineers maintain precis...

As the Internet of Things (IoT) concept materialized worldwide in complex ecosystems, the related data security and privacy issues became apparent. While the system elements and their communication paths could be protected individually, generic, ecosystem-wide approaches were sought after as well. On a parallel timeline to IoT, the concept of distr...

The global pandemic lockdowns fostered the digital transition of companies worldwide since most of their employees worked from home using public or private cloud services. Accordingly, these services became the primary targets of the latest generation DDoS threats. While some features of current DDoS attack profiles appeared before the pandemic per...

Industrial IoT (IIoT) has revolutionized production by making data available to stakeholders at many levels much faster, with much greater granularity than ever before. When it comes to smart production, the aim of analyzing the collected data is usually to achieve greater efficiency in general, which includes increasing production but decreasing w...

The Industry 4.0 initiative has been showing the way for industrial production to optimize operations based on collecting, processing, and sharing data. There are new requirements on the production floor: flexible but ultra-reliable, low latency wireless communications through interoperable systems can share data. Further challenges of data sharing...

This document represents the Proceedings of the 18th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS 2022), that took place on April 25-29, 2022 in Budapest, Hungary. As a lot of new and challenging research and developments have been ongoing worldwide, the theme of the conference was "Network and Service Management in the Era of Cloudi...

Determining the position of ourselves or our assets has always been important to humans. Technology has helped us, from sextants to outdoor global positioning systems, but real-time indoor positioning has been a challenge. Among the various solutions, network-based positioning became an option with the arrival of 5G mobile networks. The new radio t...

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has introduced technical features for Non-Public Networks (NPN), allowing highly flexible and dedicated 5G deployments for Industry 4.0 applications. This paper presents insights into the early adoption of a 5G Public Network Integration Non-Public Network (PNI-NPN) for industrial automation application...

One of the well-known target areas of 5G network services is industrial manufacturing itself. There are comprehensive standards and further research available for industrial manufacturing solution integration, but these are only partially known in the Business-to-Business context. Various traditional use cases have shown the capabilities of 5G as a...

5G is aimed to play a key role in the digital transformation of the smart manufacturing industry. 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has introduced technical features for Non-Public Networks (NPN), allowing highly flexible and dedicated 5G deployments for Industry 4.0 applications. This paper presents insights into the main challenges of 5G...

Advancements around the modern digital industry gave birth to a number of closely interrelated concepts: in the age of the Internet of Things (IoT), System of Systems (SoS), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Digital Twins and the fourth industrial revolution, everything revolves around the issue of designing well-understood, sound and secure complex sy...

The stakeholders in the Cyber-Physical System-of-Systems (CPS, SoS, CPSoS) domains need to adopt current methodologies that enable reliable but also flexible and timely completion of development, integration, deployment, operation, and even maintenance-related tasks. The so-called DevOps (Development & Operations) approach has been proven in variou...

One of the key application target areas of 5G mobile technologies is the Vehicle to Everything (V2X) communication. The first 5G deployments for Non-Standalone Architecture (NSA) have been successful worldwide, although the success itself should be supported by published performance results-which are still hard to find. This paper aims to make up f...

In order to tackle interoperability issues of large-scale automation systems, SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) principles, where information exchange is manifested by systems providing and consuming services, have already been introduced. However, the deployment, operation, and maintenance of an extensive SoS (System of Systems) mean enormous ch...

The massive demand for broadband mobile network services are quite successfully covered already by 3G and 4G cellular mobile systems. The challenges for 5G are more diverse: answering the demands of Ultra‐Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC) and massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC) users—besides elevating mobile broadband to the next l...

A spectacular measurement campaign was carried out on a real-world motorway stretch of Hungary with the participation of international industrial and academic partners. The measurement resulted in vehicle based and infrastructure based sensor data that will be extremely useful for future automotive R&D activities due to the available ground truth f...

The paper presents the measurement campaign carried out on a real-world motorway stretch of Hungary with the participation of both industrial and academic partners from Austria and Hungary. The measurement included vehicle based as well as infrastructure based sensor data. The obtained results will be extremely useful for future automotive R&D acti...

Machine learning aided tasks and processes have key roles in smart manufacturing, especially in controlling production and assembly lines, as well as smart maintenance and intelligent quality control. The last two ones are those tasks that nowadays are still performed manually by employees; however, there are numerous machine learning-based solutio...

While the year 2020 was sorrowful in many ways, some of its challenges have been successfully overcome by humanity. Most of these successes have depended on Infocommunications technologies: these allowed us to keep the human interaction flowing during lock-downs. The most visible change was literally the broad usage of multimedia communications. Ou...

Autonomous vehicles are at the forefront of interest due to the expectations of changing transportation for the better. In order to make better decisions on the road, vehicles use information from various sources: their own sensors, messages arriving from surrounding vehicles and objects, as well as from centralized entities-including their own Dig...

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a technology-oriented SCM (Supply Chain Management) development methodology, which can be used in the design of IoT (Internet of Things) frameworks especially characterized by supply chain processes. In order to meet DSC (Digital Supply Chain) expectations, two areas are examined in detail during the litera...

Industrial networks-both wired and wireless-have been used by manufacturing plants and factories for many years. These networks are not always considered as primary elements of industrial architecture, although they should be. With the advent of Industry 4.0, there are already many innovation initiatives, industry recommendations, and standards in...

Arrowhead is an IIoT (Industrial IoT) framework that dynamically and flexibly supports automated manufacturing processes following Industry 4.0 expectations. This technical paper describes how its workflow management system, i.e., the Workflow Choreographer supports automated production. The motivation behind this work is to make production workflo...

Information exchange between various elements of industrial systems is one of the cornerstones of the Industry 4.0 movement. Building system-of-systems based on the principles of Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) brings flexibility to these heterogeneous infrastructures. In the SOA concept, information exchange is realized through services provi...

Welcome by the Editor - THE wide scope of Infocommunications Journal is presented in the current, 2020 autumn issue. Unlike the previous special issues this year, readers with wide range of interest find articles in various topics: from signal processing through RFID anti-collision method comparisons, and about an application for educating children...

A strong necessity for faster mass transport with high capacities and frequent runs has put pressure on railway infrastructure. These changes require an improvement in the maintenance activities that need to be planned carefully to reduce as much as possible their impacts on the actual use of the infrastructure. As a consequence, it is crucial to c...

The Arrowhead framework enables interoperability and integrability for new and legacy systems by applying Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) principles at the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) domain. The core systems of Arrowhead provide service registration, discovery, security and other services for application systems within the System of S...

Workflow management is implemented in manufacturing at many levels. The nature of processes varies at each level, hindering the use of a standard modeling or implementation solution. The creation of a flexible workflow management framework that overarches the heterogeneous business process levels is challenging. Still, one of the promises of the In...

Revolutionizing logistics and supply chain management in smart manufacturing is one of the main goals of the Industry 4.0 movement. Emerging technologies such as autonomous vehicles, Cyber-Physical Systems and digital twins enable highly automated and optimized solutions in these fields to achieve full traceability of individual products. Tracking...

NB-IoT networks based on 3GPP 4G technology are publicly available for more than a year for now. After the publication of the first LPWAN standards, it was clear that the services, possibilities, and use-cases would be drastically different from the previous experiences on mobile traffic. Since network traffic will be very different as well, the al...

1.1 Szolgáltatók a felhasználókért A szolgáltatói, széles körben publikusan elérhető mobilhálózatok Magyarországon már évtizedek óta jelen vannak. Olyan mobilhálózatok viszont, melyek csak egy ipari területen léteznek, most kezdenek megjelenni. Cikkünkben a privát campus mobil hálózatok motivációit mutatjuk be, ahol a vállalkozások teljes 5G hálóza...

To analyze next-generation mobile networks properly, there is a need to define key performance indicators (KPIs). Testing signaling only or just partial domains of the network have been replaced with end-to-end testing methodologies. With the appearing of machine-to-machine (M2M) applications, this question became even harder, since there is no dir...

Industrial IoT has special communication requirements, including high reliability, low latency, flexibility, and security. These are instinctively provided by the 5G mobile technology, making it a successful candidate for supporting Industrial IoT (IIoT) scenarios. The aim of this paper is to identify current research challenges and solutions in re...

While mobile network operators have started announcing their 5G-capable network implementations, practical details of their capabilities are not widely supported through measurements. This paper describes a practically implemented 5G architecture-based on the 5G Option 3x reference model-and initial results on its KPI (Key Performance Indicator) me...

Industrial automation systems require communication technologies with high availability, high security and low latency. Accordingly, the current article addresses industrial-specific communication challenges, presenting some of the relevant solutions. In order to prove the usability of the presented technologies with sound results, this paper utili...

Utilizing Blockchains within the Internet of Things (IoT) concept is quite a recent idea. There are already a number of use cases and supporting frameworks available, which shows its potential benefits for many domains. There are interesting, business-driven target areas within the Industrial IoT domain, including sectors such as supply chain (incl...

Workflow management is realised in manufacturing at the Enterprise- and Production (workstation) levels. The characteristics of business processes in these levels differ enough to prevent the adoption of a conventional modelling or implementation solution. The conceptualisation of an adequate and adaptable workflow management model that over-arches...

The automotive industry is increasing its effort towards scientific and technological innovations regarding autonomous vehicles. The expectation is a reduction of road accidents, which are too often caused by human errors. Moreover, technological solutions, such as connected autonomous vehicle platoons, are expected to help humans in emergency situ...

The number of network-connected devices increased exponentially at least during the last two decades. Although the robustness and long-term stability of these devices are relatively high, many of them outlast the purpose of their installation, sometimes even the life-cycle of its serving connection technology. The number of long-living, radio-trans...

While Industry 4.0 targets are theoretically set from various aspects, the approaches for covering some of its key areas are heterogeneous. The main pillars for Productive4.0-a European research initiative with the industrial drive-are Digital Production, Product Lifecycle Management and Supply Chain Management. These are also key areas for Industr...

The traffic of mobile core networks can reveal important features of usage scenarios. Since Internet of Things applications are expected to provide great variety of use-cases for 5G networks, it is interesting to know their effect on the mobile core network. The simplified use-cases of Mobile Broadband, Massive IoT and Critical IoT represent the sc...

The impact of a scientific achievement is hard to measure, especially in the short run. Still, human lifespan is relatively short when compared to the wide spread applications of theoretical breakthroughs-so we define "factors" predicting the possible impact of new ideas and contributions. Scientific surveys are considered a strange breed of articl...

Reaching the targets of the Industry 4.0 movement requires serious efforts for the technology adapters. These include the digitization of their industrial processes, the integration of telemetry data collection methods, managing status updates within digital twins. These changes must have the appropriate interfaces with the business logic of the co...

Industrial automation systems traditionally require communication systems to have high availability, high security and low latency. This results in efficient protocols with low protocol-processing overhead, but somewhat rigid communication systems that are cumbersome to scale up when deployed. On the other hand, Internet Protocol based communicatio...

The decreasing prices of monitoring equipment have vastly increased the opportunities to utilize local data, and data processing for wider global web-based monitoring purposes. The possible amount of data flowing though different levels can be huge. Now the question is how to handle this opportunity in both dynamic and secure way. The paper present...

Traditional network and service management methods were based on counters, data records, and derived key indicators, whereas decision were mostly made in a rule-based manner. Advanced techniques have not yet got into the everyday life of operators, mostly due to complexity and scalability issues. Recent progress in computing architectures, however,...

INFOCOMMUNICATIONS-the domain that integrates information technology, telecommunications, audiovisual systems from user access to information storage and processing-has changed our quality of life in the last decades. The ever-increasing speed of data-exchange, the ultra-high resolution of affordable visual systems, or the "extraordinary" storage c...

The purpose of this research is twofold. First, to identify the impacts of the Industry 4.0 changes on Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Logistics. Second, to provide principal ideas on how to support these domains from the aspect of the Arrowhead Framework. The new industrial revolution brings many technological innovations, and the production-su...