Padmanaban Velayudhaperumal Chellam

National Institute of Technology, Agartala | NITA · Bioengineering

Fiber hybridization is one of the prominent techniques which offers a balanced distribution of attributes as well as an option to employ natural fibers without compromising functionality by decreasing environmental impact. The hybrid sustainable composites were fabricated with combination of two distinct natural fiber mats (kenaf (K) and bamboo (B)...

Microplastics are micrometre-sized emerging pollutants produced by plastic fragmentation. They have been recently detected in most ecosystems, even in remote areas. Here, we review microplastics with emphasis on sources, occurrence, transport, detection methods, policies, toxicity, and management methods. In the transport section, we discuss sorpti...

Increasing global population growth and the continued exploitation of land, water and other natural resources is causing the release of harmful gases and toxic compounds into the environment. To combat this pollution and mitigate its impact, a number of physicochemical, biochemical, and biotechnological approaches have been developed. Each chapter...

MFC can have dual functions; they can generate electricity from industrial and domestic effluents while purifying wastewater. Most MFC designs comprise a membrane which physically separates the cathode and anode compartments while keeping them electrically connected, playing a significant role in its efficiency. Popular commercial membranes such as...

The present study identifies and analyses the degraded products of three azo dyes (Reactive Orange 16, Reactive Red 120, and Direct Red 80) and proffers their in silico toxicity predictions. In our previously published work, the synthetic dye effluents were degraded using an ozonolysis-based Advanced Oxidation Process. In the present study, the deg...

The sulfate radical based advanced oxidation process (SR-AOP) is an emerging technology for the degradation of micropollutants with various advantages such as low cost, high efficiency, high availability, high capability, long lifespan, higher reaction rate, and redox potential. This review focuses on the chemistry and catalytic aspects of various...

This study focuses on the utilization of Fe3O4-functionalized rice straw biochar composite for the augmented activation of sulphate radicals at high temperature for the removal of Remazol Brilliant Orange 3R (RBO-3R). The process parameters were optimized using factorial modelling and were mathematically evaluated using Statistical Analysis System...

Preciseness in pollutant analysis and optimizing a process required to remediate wastewater are essential in environmental engineering. The chemometric approach is used to analyze pollutant molecules from actual samples with maximum accuracy quantitatively. Various calibration models like Principal Component Regression, Partial Least Squares, Clust...

There is an excellent need for supply-side threats due to the enhanced degradation and reclamation of existing water bodies in the present scenario. This led to the global water crisis. One of the easiest ways to fulfil the growing need for freshwater is the recycling of wastewater. Greywater is a form of wastewater from households, industries, etc...

Water is an indispensable requirement of humankind. Compared to other necessities, water is scarce, and it is contaminated to a higher level. The primary pollutant of the water bodies is the organic compounds. One of the best methods to treat water is the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The hydroxyl (OH⁻) radicals—the ultimate oxidant-degrade...

Organophosphate (OP) pesticides applied on agricultural fields undergo diffuse contamination and cause poisoning in humans and other non-target organisms. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to detect and analyse the effect of OP in environmental as well as biological samples. This review summarizes various biosensors which are being developed su...

Per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), regarded as “forever chemicals”, are a class of emerging contaminants occurring worldwide that pose many serious environmental issues to water quality and human health. The presence of strong carbon‑fluorine bonds in their backbone and their physicochemical properties offer them resistance and restrict them fr...

This study focuses on the use of chemically modified steel dust-based adsorbent to remove Eriochrome Black-T (EBT) and Tetracycline (TC) from water. The adsorption isotherm, kinetic modeling, thermodynamic and regeneration studies were conducted. The adsorption process was modeled using Artificial Neural Network. The adsorption kinetics were well f...

The paper and pulp industry, being the third-largest industrial polluter to air, water, and land, remains a highly water-intensive industry discharging about 20–40 m³ of wastewater per tonne of pulp. Nanotechnology has a great potential to be used in wastewater treatment. Nanophotocatalysis, membrane nanotechnology, and nanoadsorption are the major...

Water is an essential element needed for the sustenance of living organisms. The rapid growth in population and industrialization has brought about the deposition of toxic chemicals, heavy metals, radioactive materials, and pesticides into aquatic water bodies. This, in turn, has rendered the water bodies unfit for designated applications. Currentl...

Food packaging plays a crucial role in the maintenance of food quality and prolongs its shelf life. The increasing environmental concern about the dumping of nondegradable plastics provokes research toward developing ecofriendly biodegradable materials. Bionanocomposites (BNCs) are composed of biological materials that are reinforced with nanoscale...

Waterborne diseases caused by contaminated water are among the significant public health problems in developing countries. Sustainable nanotechnological tools and techniques have contributed significantly to providing clean and safe drinking water for millions of people. Over the last decades, a plethora of bioactive nanomaterials has attracted eve...

Plastics, especially microplastics in soils, are considered a severe environmental issue worldwide. However, globally, the main research focus is on microplastic pollution in the marine environment, the microplastic pollution on soils and sediments remains on the sideline so far. But the fact is that microplastics are omnipresent in terrestrial...

Composite aerogels are low-density porous material with a high surface area, facilitating their application in wastewater treatment. The surface of these aerogels can be modified based on the ionic charge of the target pollutants. Improved properties like high gas holdup, a low mean free path of diffusion, high mechanical strength, and integrated 3...

The present work provides an insight on the removal of dye and energy recovery simultaneously by Acinetobacter pitii in microbial fuel cells. It focuses on decolorization of reactive orange 16 dye and electricity production in a microbial fuel cell using bacterial isolate Acinetobacter pitii. This isolate removes 92.70% of color at a fixed concentr...

The enormous growth of industries and the increased release of untreated effluents containing emerging pollutants are major problems that contaminate the water resources. Current efforts are oriented towards developing cost-effective, eco-friendly alternatives to remove a wide range of water pollutants. This paper provides critical insight on vario...

Microplastic pollution has recently been identified as a major issue for the health of ecosystems. Microplastics have typically sizes of less than 5 mm and occur in various forms, such as pellets, fibres, fragments, films, and granules. Mangroves and coral reefs are sensitive and restricted ecosystems that provide free ecological services such as c...

Management of basic natural resources and the spent industrial and domestic streams to provide a sustainable safe environment for healthy living is a magnum challenge to scientists and environmentalists. The present remedial approach to the wastewater focuses on recovering pure water for reuse and converting the contaminants into a solid matrix for...

In this study, composites of biochar-ZnAl2O4 produced by the pyrolysis of the lychee waste biomass were synthesized. The composites were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, BET, and BJH. The biochar-ZnAl2O4 composite was successfully formed and the efficiency was tested in adsorption and photocatalysis experiments. The adsorption equilibrium was obtai...

This work illustrates the potential applications of the raw cotton shell (RCS) and cotton shell biochar (CSB) in the remediation of sulfate contaminants from aqueous solvents. Comprehensively, optimal batch and adsorption kinetics of sulfate by RCS and CSB were intensively analyzed and determined by varying the adsorption parameters. For RCS, the o...

Microbial polymeric flocculants are used as eco-friendly biosorbent materials in industrial dye removal. This study attempts to evaluate the dye adsorption efficiency of a bioflocculant extracted from a soil bacterium, Enterobacter sp. The chemical composition of the bioflocculant is 88% carbohydrate and 11% protein. The flocculation efficiency of...

A laboratory-scale Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is used for the degradation of reactive red 120 (RR120) using bacterial strain Staphylococcus equorum RAP2 (Accession number MW36539) isolated from wastewater treatment plants capable of degrading 100 % of dye (100 ppm) in 72 h at pH 7 efficiently. The effect of pH, concentration, and time on dye degrada...

Electrocatalytic removal of fluroquinolones from simulated pharmaceutical effluent is studied in this work. The effects of parameters like NaCl concentration, pH and initial concentration of Ofloxacin were studied. The synergistic effect of H2O2 on the degradation of Ofloxacin paves the way to move towards radical based chemistry. The process was m...

In accordance with optimization, Response Surface Methodology act as indispensable tool which helps in the aspects of process development and understanding the effects of various parameters on a particular process. Though this tool provides valuable insights about a process, Eigen structural analysis of response surfaces aid in detailed understandi...

This study focusses on the electrochemical decomposition of synthetic azo dyes (RO16, RR120 and DR80) using stainless steel electrodes, which is efficient, cost effective and industrially driven process. The experiments were carried out in a continuous electrochemical reactor and the effects of influencing parameters (initial concentration of dye,...

The novel COVID-19, a pandemic disease, is showing an alarming spread and severity throughout the world. Globally, the community transmission of this disease is affecting people in large clusters and so it is necessary to mitigate and control them in order to minimise the social and economic consequences. This review emphasize on the origin of the...

The present work investigates about the performance of single slope still (with rehash cooked oil) to enhance the palatable water productivity. The tray with basin contains rehash cooked oil represent the external heat source to increase the temperature of basin water. The performance of proposed solar still with the effects of high heat exchanger...

The present study focuses on modelling the removal of reactive azo dyes (Reactive Orange 16, Reactive Red 120 and Direct Red 80) by ozonolytic degradation. The process was optimised using One Variable at a Time (OVAT) approach followed by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The operational parameters influencing the process of degradation, i.e. ini...

This review aims to highlight the bioprocessing strategies behind one of the most commercially produced enzymes in the biotechnological market, pectinase. Significant steps in the upstream processing of this enzyme include its source, the selection of the substrate, the reaction conditions and the overall reactor design, all of which will be discus...

Organic fouling in the forward osmosis process is complex and influenced by different parameters in the forward osmosis such as type of feed and draw solution, operating conditions, and type of membrane. In this article, we reviewed organic fouling in the forward osmosis by focusing on wastewater treatment applications. Model organic foulants used...

In this study, nanocellulose was synthesised by acid hydrolysis of cellulose and was coupled with polypyrrole supporting matrix. The synthesised nanocellulose polypyrrole composite (NCPPY) was characterised by FESEM, XRD, FTIR, BET, TGA/DSC and NMR. These analysis showed the conversion of cellulose to nano sized crystalline structure with excellent...

In this study, the stabilized landfill leachate which has a BOD : COD ratio of 0.045 was treated using Fenton's process. The effect of process parameters like reaction time, pH, dose of FeSO4 and dose of H2O2 was estimated using One Factor At a Time (OFAT) and the linear, interactive and quadratic effects between the factors were studied using Face...

Desalination provides a possibility of expanding the freshwater reserves by supplementing it with water from oceans and brackish reservoirs. Conventional desalination technologies like reverse osmosis and thermal distillation have failed to meet the expectancy due to high-energy consumption and low salt rejection. Recent research works prove that n...

This study investigates the dielectric efficiency of a composite prepared using a fiber extracted from Phaseolus vulgaris. The extraction of fiber was statistically modeled using face-centered central composite design. The concentration of NaOH and extraction time was taken as the process variables and dielectric strength was taken as the response....

This review focuses on mechanism of degradation and application of gamma irradiation in various industrial pollutant treatments. Keywords: Gamma radiation; Water radiolysis; free radicals; pollutants; degradation.

The impact of human activities in the past few decades has paved the way for the release of pollutants due to the improper effluent treatment. Recent studies revealed that, Ofloxacin, an antibiotic as one of the major pollutant affecting surface water and ground water. In this study, the radiolytic potential of Ofloxacin was investigated. The effec...

Low cost activated carbon was produced by treated rice husk ash for adsorptive removal of Reactive Orange 16. The selection of adsorbents, effect of equilibrium time, adsorbent dosage, concentration of dye, and pH on removal of dye was optimized as rice husk ash, 30 min, 0.25 g/ 100 mL, 100 mg/L, and 9.0, respectively. The process fits into Langmui...

In this study, three artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed for the prediction and simulation of the degradation of textile dyes (Reactive Orange 16 - Monoazo; Reactive Red 120 - Diazo; Direct Red 80 - Poly azo) by high energy gamma radiation. Concentration of H2O2 (0–2.0 mM), dose of gamma ray (1–6 kGy), pH (3.0–11.0), concentration...

Ocean, a home for more than 185,000 species is a real mystery. It rules the world’s function, it decides the weather and climate, it generates more than half of the oxygen supporting lives outside ocean, and it controls nearly everything. We have got a treasure in the name of ocean, how we must cherish it and what we actually are doing to it is wha...

Biosorptive removal of Reactive Black B (RBB) from aqueous solution by metabolically inactive Trichoderma harzianum (T. harzianum) was examined in this study. The individual and interactive effects of pH (2.0–10.0), temperature (25–45 °C), initial dye concentration (100–300 mg/L) and adsorbent dosage (0.1–0.5 mg/L) on the biosorption of RBB were ev...

This study investigates the degradation of synthetic azo dye solution containing direct red 80 (DR-80) by high energy ionizing γ- radiation (⁶⁰Co). A Box-Wilson face centered central composite design (CCF) was used with variables of pH (3.0–11.0), dose of γ-irradiation (1–6 kGy) and concentration of dye (100–500 mg/L). The predicted model was found...

ND Abi Sankari and VC Padmanaban from Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj College of Engineering & Technology, Virudhunagar, TN write on the massive exploitation of natural resources which is threatening the commons and environment

This work aims to provide a detailed insight regarding the developments and augmentation of nanoporous desalination. Keywords: Desalination, Nanoporous desalination, Membrane separation, Molecular dynamics

Industrial effluents containing persistent pollutants play a significant role in environmental pollution. Classical techniques such as chlorination, coagulation, ion flotation, membrane process and sedimentation that have been used to decontaminate polluted water are incapable of efficient degradation due to the generation of secondary pollutants....

In recent years, employing radiation technology is gaining great interest in degradation of industrial effluents. In this work the possibility of using gamma irradiation to degrade Reactive Red 120 (C.I.292775) was explored. The effects of pH, dose of gamma irradiation and concentration of dye were examined and their interaction were also establish...

The radiation based technologies find their way into our day to day life in the form of optical instruments, heat shrink products and adsorbing materials (medicine). Though there are many false propaganda on usage of radiation, the advancement in the monitoring, process control, and maintenance under the guidelines of international and national bod...

The degradation of Reactive Red 120 using Bacillus cohnii RAPT1 immobilized on polyurethane was studied. Initial experiments indicated that the percentage removal of dye in immobilized batch was significantly higher than batch (without immobilization). The optimum process parameters such as effect of dye concentration, time of immobilization on Pol...

In the history, are the makers or the users? Be a maker and get placed in the history... In a nutshell, this report explains about how Kamaraj College is using the recycled water for gardening, using the harvested rain water to retain the ground level of water. Plans are going on for installing anaerobic biodigesters and biodiesel production plant....

If energy can never be destroyed, then how are we? –Energy isn’t destroyed by us but, the sources are….According to Vaclav Smil, the modal value of 75GJ per capita is sufficient to meet all the needs and this would be welcome in India. Rural India consumes a mere of 2.5% energy globally. The wall street journal states that 23% of India’s energy con...