Padmaa Paarakh

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Verified

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• PhD
• Principal at Oxford Educational Institutions

Anemia is characterized as having a lower hemoglobin (Hb) level than normal. Iron supplements are currently prescribed as a medicine for treating anemia. As iron supplements have more side effects such as CNS toxicity and cancer herbal medications are majorly preferred for the treatment of the disease. Euphorbia hirta L., is a plant that is majorly...

Neem (Azadirachta indica) belonging to the Meliaceae family is popular tree. In Traditional System of Medicine, bark, leaf, flower, seed, oil and other parts are used for number of aliments. Number of patents has been filed for neem for pharmacological uses. This review provides a detailed view on Pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and pharmacological a...

Oral drug delivery has gained a lot of popularity because of patient compliance and the simplicity of administration. It only provides a small number of benefits for medications with poor bioavailability because of inadequate digestion and absorption in the latter stages of the GI tract. In this scenario, GRDDS have emerged as a preferred choice fo...

Pharmaceutical formulations are experiencing a significant transformation as novel drug delivery techniques become increasingly available and effective. While there are many different types of medical dosage forms, each has its own limitations, such as tablet choking and painful parenteral dosages. Buccal drug delivery, which involves administering...

The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most important industries in the world. It provides essential medicines and treatments that help people live longer and healthier lives. The industry is also one of the most regulated and complex, with drugs taking years to develop and billions of dollars in investment. However, the emergence of artificial...

The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most important industries in the world. It provides essential medicines and treatments that help people live longer and healthier lives. The industry is also one of the most regulated and complex, with drugs taking years to develop and billions of dollars in investment. However, the emergence of artificial...

The use of cutting-edge technology like artificial intelligence, machine learning, the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data analytics in manufacturing processes is referred to as industry 4.0, also referred to as the fourth industrial revolution. Industry 4.0 has the potential to completely transform medication research, production, and supply ch...

Oro dispersible tablets (ODTs), which have improved solubility and stability over the past three decades, have drawn a lot of interest as a superior alternative to traditional tablets and capsules. ODTs—solid dosage forms with medications that dissolve on the tongue fast, usually in a few seconds. New ODT technologies answer a wide range of pharmac...

In the field of science known as veterinary medicine, non-human animals such as cattle, working animals, and domestic animals are treated using medical, surgical, public health, dental, diagnostic, and therapeutic concepts. The development of veterinary dosage forms holds promise for the future of biotechnology, medication therapy, and diagnostics....

Microcapsules are multi-particulate drug-delivery systems that can be configured to accomplish extended or controlled drug delivery to improve bioavailability, balance, and to target the medication to a specific webpage online at a set rate. They are made of polymers that are natural, semi-natural, and artificial, as well as polymeric wax or other...

Microcapsules are multi-particulate drug-delivery systems that can be configured to accomplish extended or controlled drug delivery to improve bioavailability, balance, and to target the medication to a specific webpage online at a set rate. They are made of polymers that are natural, semi-natural, and artificial, as well as polymeric wax or other...

The metaverse can be seen as the immersive follow-up to the text-and-picture-based Internet of today, where people stare at a screen, ignoring physical reality. The metaverse offers online experiences that are more immersive and engaging than those of the past, a seamless blending of the physical and digital worlds, by taking advantage of modern te...

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of neem oil with liquid paraffin and coconut oil and their combination on the bacteria E. coli, S. auerus and Candida albicans, which causes skin diseases ,increasingly resistant to many commonly used antibiotics as a result of colonization of the skin. Methods: Nine differ...

The aim of the study was to evaluate anticancer activity of the methanol and aqueous extracts of leaves of Tinosporacordifolia Wild Miers against a Human Breast Carcinoma Cell line(MDAMB231) by MTT assay. The coarse powder of leaf were subjected to Soxhletextraction and microwave assisted extraction using methanol and water as solvent. The IC50 val...

This review aims to illustrate upcoming technological developments in the pharmaceutical industries and healthcare facilities may look in the near future. In order to achieve this, we examine recent technologies and advanced medical developments in healthcare as well as in the pharma industries. Such as Artificial intelligence which provides an und...

This review aims to illustrate upcoming technological developments in the pharmaceutical industries and healthcare facilities may look in the near future. In order to achieve this, we examine recent technologies and advanced medical developments in healthcare as well as in the pharma industries. Such as Artificial intelligence which provides an und...

The development of particle size reduction technologies over the past 30 years has transformed them from a research approach to an established commercial drug delivery platform. Since a growing number of research substances for poor aqueous solubility, nanotechnology methods have gained particular significance. The term "nanotechnology" refers to t...

The recent threat which has received worldwide attention is COVID-19, a rapidly spreading new strain of Coronavirus. It has affected more than 176 countries and due to the lack of efficacious drugs or vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, it has further worsened the situation everywhere. After infecting the host, the ssRNA genome of SARS-CoV-2 is translated...

Fungal endophytes are the critical organisms in the environment residing in the plant tissues without showing any harmful effects on its host life cycle. The finding of fungal endophytes in natural habitat has been insufficient due to some non-sporulating and non-culturable fungal endophytes by traditional method. Several investigations on fungal e...

The release of drug from the formulations plays significant role especially when it comes to modified release as well as in immediate release dosage forms. Several factors like physicochemical properties of drugs, excipients, dosage form design, manufacturing process variables and design impact drug release from dosage form.It is essential to study...

Objective: Surgical site infections [SSI] are the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether surgical site infections can be reduced with two or more antibiotics regimen versus one or no antibiotic regimen in post-operative surgery.Methods: The patients were grouped into 2 groups. Group A (two...

In this study we assessed the cost-of-illness which involves measuring the direct and indirect costs incurred by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [T2DM] patient. The quality of life [QOL] of patients was measured using Quality of Life Instrument for Indian Diabetes Patients which is a questionnaire to assess the Indian diabetic patients. Adherence with med...

Background: The Zn nanoparticles synthesized from the plant sources are ecofriendly and are potent anticancer agents. Objective: The objective of the present work was to evaluate In vitro cytotoxic activity of Zn nanoparticles green synthezised from Abutilon indicum extract against HeLa cell lines (cervical cancer). Methods: The aqueous extract is...

Background: Rubia cordifolia Linn.[ Rubiaceae], commonly known as Indian Maddar and Manjistha, is used as medicine for treatment of various ailments in Traditional System of Medicine of India. Purpose: To isolate rubiadin and evaluate in vitro antiproliferative activity and in silico method. Material and Methods: Rubiadin was isolated from the root...

To evaluate the invivo antioxidant activities of methanol (MEAL) and aqueous extracts (AEAL) of aerial parts of Aerva lanata Linn Juss in streptozotocin induced oxidative stress rats which are used in the folklore system for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in India. Rats were divided into seven groups of six rats (n=6) each. Group 1 served as ve...

Ganoderma lucidum, commonly referred to as Lingzhi or Reishi, is a basidiomycete rot fungus which has been used for centuries in East Asia for promotion of good health and longevity. The main bioactive components of G. lucidum can be broadly grouped into polysaccharides and triterpenes. The anticancer properties of G. lucidum have been proved in bo...

Piper nigrum [Piperaceae], commonly known as black pepper is used as medicine fairly throughout the greater part of India and as a spice globally. To isolate piperine and evaluate in vitro cytotoxic [antiproliferative] activity and in silico method. Piperine was isolated from the fruits of P.nigrum. Piperine was characterized by UV,IR, 1 H-NMR, 13...

Glycyrriza glabra Linn.[ Fabaceae], commonly known as yashtimadhu, mulhatti, is used as medicine for treatment of various aliments in Traditional System of Medicine fairly throughout the greater part of India. In the present study, we have evaluated anticancer activity of Ammonium glycyrrhizinate by in vitro and in silico method. Ammonium glycyrrhi...

Fractionated methanol extracts of dried seeds of Persea gratissim were evaluated for the antibacterial and antioxidant activity. The extracts were tested for antibacterial activity by spread plate method against Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus aureus. The antioxidant activity of these fractions were determined by DPPH [1, 1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl Hy...

Fractionated methanol extracts of dried leaves of Phyllanthus emblica, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Azadirachta indica, were evaluated for the antibacterial and antioxidant activity. The extracts were tested for antibacterial activity by spread plate method against Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus aureus. The antioxidant activity of these fractions we...

Momordica charantia L. (Family Cucurbitaceae) commonly known as bitter gourd or bitter melon is used in the Traditional System of Medicine for the treatment of many ailments such as abortifacient, contraceptive, dysmenorrhoea, eczema, emmenagogue, antimalarial, galactagogue, gout, jaundice, abdominal pain, kidney stone, laxative, leprosy, leucorrho...

To develop the finger print of medicinally and economically important plant of Coriandrum sativum Linn[Family: Apiceae]. Different extracts of fresh leaves and dried fruits of C.sativum were developed in the mobile phase of Toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid::45:5:1 using standard procedure[10µl] and scanned under UV at 254 nm and 366 nm. The HPTL...

Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham. (Family-Zingiberaceae), commonly known as spiked ginger lily, is found in the entire Himalayan region. The rhizomes are reported to be used as tranquilizer, hypotensive, antispasmodic, CNS depressant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal, pediculicidal, cytotoxic and anthelmintics. The p...

Coffea arabica is most common species of coffee found and consumed in India and has great economic importance. During coffee processing, coffee berry pulp removed as waste which may contain significant amount of antioxidants. Thus the present study is to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts of unbak...

Ficus racemosa Linn. is a moderate-sized avenue tree found throughout India either wild or cultivated for its fruits eaten by villagers. It is popular in Indigenous System of Medicine like Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homoeopathy. In the Traditional System of Medicine, various plant parts such as bark, root, leaves, fruits and latex are used in dyse...

To study antinociceptive activity of chloroform extract of unbaked beans Coffea arabica. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out using Swiss albino mice. Cold maceration method was used for preparation of chloroform extract. The effect of chloroform extract was investigated for the antinociceptive activity by acetic acid induced writhing m...

Chenopodium album L. (Chenopodiaceae), a wildly growing plant has been reported to possess number of medicinal properties including treatment of diarrhoea. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate scientifically the anti-diarrhoeal effects of C. album used traditionally in Indian system of medicine. The anti-diarrheal effect of hydro alcoho...

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the acute and chronic effects of the extract against alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: In acute study, hypoglycemic potency of methanolic extract of Ficus microcarpa was assessed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and in chronic study of 21 days, extract at different doses (ie 100, 200...

The different extracts of Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham. (Zingiberaceae) were evaluated for antioxidant activity by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reducing power determination method. Total phenol and total flavonoid content in each extracts were also determined. Gallic acid and ascorbic acid were used as refer...

Dried aerial parts of Chenopodium album Linn. (Chenopodiaceae) are used in variety of diseases in traditional Indian system of medicine including hepatic ailments.The aim of present study was to validate hepatoprotective activity of aerial parts of Chenopodium album Linn using paracetamol as hepatotoxin. Alcoholic [ALCA] and aqueous [ AQCA] extract...

Objective To evaluate the effect of methanol extract (MEAL) and aqueous extract (AEAL) of the aerial parts of Aerva lanata Linn Juss (A. lanata) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat.Methods The streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were orally treated with vehicle (Normal saline), glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg), MEAL (200 and 400 mg/kg) and AEAL (200 a...

The effect of alcoholic extract of Chenopodium album Linn. (Chenopodiaceae) was investigated in rats to evaluate the anti-ulcer activity by using three models, i.e., pyloric ligation, ethanol and cold restraint stress induced ulcers. Ranitidine was used as reference standard. The parameters taken to assess anti-ulcer activity were volume of gastric...

Background and AimTraditional medicine has a long history of serving people all over the world. In recent years, the use of traditional medicine information in cancer research received considerable interest. Aerva lanata Linn Juss has been used in traditional and folklore medicine for the treatment of cancer. The aim of the present study was to eva...

Ficus microcarpa Linn. (Syn: Ficus nitidas; Family: Moraceae) grows in Tropical and Subtropical regions of India, used for variety of purpose in traditional medicine. The usefulness of this plant is described in many folk books including Ayurveda and different biologically active phytoconstituents were isolated from plant. But no reports are availa...

Aerva lanata (Linn.) Juss. ex Schult. (Family-Amaranthaceae) is an important source of chemicals of immense medicinal and pharmaceutical importance such as O-acyl glycosides, β-sitosterol, daucosterol, syringic acid, vanillic acid, feruloyl tyramine, feruloyl homovanillylamine, narcissin and aervitrine which are effective as diuretic, anthelmintic,...

The extracts of leaf of Jasminum grandiflorum L. (Family Oleaceae) were investigated for analgesic activity in albino rat and albino mice using formalin test and hot plate method. The dried power of leaf, extracted with different solvents according to their polarity such as petroleum ether, ethanol and water. All the extracts given at a dose of 100...

Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb) Planch (Ulmaceae) is commonly known as Indian elm, kanju. It is widely distributed throughout India in deciduous forests. In traditional system of medicine, bark and leaves are used as bitter, astringent, acrid, thermogenic, anti-inflammatory, digestive, carminative, laxative, anthelmintic, depurative, repulsive, urin...

The petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of the stem bark of Holoptelea integrifolia were evaluated for the antibacterial activity against various microorganisms viz Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Disc diffusion method was adapted for the assessment of in vitro a...

The present study was undertaken to evaluate anthelmintic activity of different extracts (petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts) of stem bark of Millingtonia hortensis (Bignoniaceae) against adult earthworm Pheretima posthuma. Piperazine citrate was used as standard reference drug. Among all the extract tested, methano...

Hedychium spicatum Buch. Ham. (Zingiberaceae), commonly known as spiked ginger lily, is found in the entire Himalayan region. Traditionally, the rhizomes are used in the treatment of respiratory disorders, fevers, tranquilizer, hypotensive, antispasmodic, CNS depressant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal, pediculi...

Ficus hispida (Syn: Ficus oppositifolia Roxb; Family: Moraceae) commonly known as devil fig, hairy fig is grows in Tropical and Subtropical regions of India, used for variety of purpose in traditional medicine. The usefulness of this plant is described in many folk books including Ayurveda and is scientifically evidenced, and different biologically...

Extracts of Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl (Cucurbitaceae) were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity by agar diffusion method in comparison with standard antibiotics, Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Streptomycin and Gentamycin. The antimicrobial activity of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extract of aerial parts of the plant we...

Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wt. and Arn. (Arjuna; Combretaceae) is a widely used medicinal plant throughout India and popular in various Indigenous System of Medicine like Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani. In the Indian System of Medicine, the bark are used as astringent, cooling, aphrodisiac, cardiotonic, tonic, in fractures, ulcers, spermatorrhoea, leuco...

Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wt. and Arn. (Arjuna; Combretaceae) is a widely used medicinal plant throughout India and popular in various Indigenous System of Medicine like Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani. In the Indian System of Medicine, the bark are used as astringent, cooling, aphrodisiac, cardiotonic, tonic, in fractures, ulcers, spermatorrhoea, leuco...

Nigella sativa Linn. (Family-Ranunculaceae) is a widely used medicinal plant throughout India and popular in various Indigenous System of Medicine like Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Tibb. The seeds are used as astringent, bitter, stimulant, diuretic, emmenagogue and anthelmintic. They are also useful in jaundice, intermittent fever, dyspepsia, paraly...

Extracts of Cocculus hirsutus Linn. and Hyptis suaveolens Poit. were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity by agar disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity of petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of the leaves of these plants were studied using Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia co...

Pharmacognostical studies were carried out on the stem bark of Thevetia neriifolia Juss. which showed rhytidoma with suberized cork, cortex, starch grains, prism of calcium oxalate crystals, lignified stone cells, secondary phloem with medullary rays. Physicochemical parameters such as water and alcohol soluble extractive values were found to be 20...

Pharmacognostical studies were carried out on the leaves and stem of Cocculus hirsutus Linn, which showed covering trichomes, epidermal cells in leaf and fragments of fibres, sclerenchymatous tissues with xylem vessels in stem. Physicochemical parameters such as water, alcohol soluble extractive values were found to be 6.30 %, 13.10 % and 19 %, 8.6...

Extracts of Jasminum grandiflorum Linn (Oleaceae) were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity by agar diffusion method in comparison with standard antibiotic penicillin. The antibacterial activity of petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol and aqueous extract of leaves of the plant were studied using Staphylococcus aureus, Bacill...

Fraction of chloroform partitioned ethanol extract of the leaves of Jasminum grandiflorum Linn lead to the isolation of catechin (1), Beta-sitosterol (2), gallic acid (3) and oleanoic acid (4). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods such ad UV, IR, NMR and LCMS. All the compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant....

Summary Jasminum grandiflorum Linn (Chameli / Yasmin; Oleaceae) is native to Tropical and warm Temperate regions and cultivated in France, Italy, China, Japan, India, Morocco and Egypt. The plant is documented to possess beneficial effects as odontalgic, thermogenic, aphrodisiac, antiseptic, emollient, anthelmintic, deobstruant, suppurative, tonic,...

The present study reports anthelmintic activity of various extracts obtained from the leaves of Jasminum grandiflorum Linn (Oleaceae) against adult earth worms Pheretima posthuma. Among all the extracts tested at 20 and 40 mg/ml concentration, methanol, chloroform and aqueous extracts showed better anthelmintic activity when compared with the stand...

The present study reports anthelmintic activity of various extracts obtained from the leaves of Jasminum grandiflorum Linn (Oleaceae) against adult earth worms Pheretima posthuma. Among all the extracts tested at 20 and 40 mg/ml concentration, methanol, chloroform and aqueous extracts showed better anthelmintic activity when compared with the stand...

and Egypt. The plant is documented to possess beneficial effects as odontalgic, thermogenic, aphrodisiac, antiseptic, emollient, anthelmintic, deobstruant, suppurative, tonic, in fixing loose teeth, ulcerative stomatitis, leprosy, skin diseases, ottorrhoea, otalgia, wounds, corns and aromatherapy. Pharmacological activities of the plant reported so...

The wound healing activity of alcoholic extract of stem bark of Annona muricata was evaluated in albino rats by openwound method for a period of 12 days. Extract showed marked reduction in area of the wound in comparison with thatof the control group from 4th days onwards suggesting its possible use in healing the wound.

A review of the phytoconstituents of the genus Polyalthia (Annonaceae) so far reported, has been presented considering that the genus comprises of 70 species and distributed all around the world. Keeping in view of the potential of the genus, an attempt is made to present a review of phytoconstituents of the genus Polyalthia which still remains as...

Fractionation of crude petroleum ether extract of the leaves of Chenopodium album Linn lead to the isolation of b-sitosterol (1), lupeol (2)and 3 hydroxy nonadecyl henicosanoate (3). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods such as UV, IR, NMR and LCMS.Compound 2 and 3 were isolated for the first time from this plant.

Pharmacognostical characters of the leaves of Bauhinia variegata Linn was studied which showed the presence of thin walled epidermis, parenchymatous cells, abundant solitary calcium oxalate crystals, vascular bundles and multicellular covering trichomes. Leaf constant viz., stomatal index -5.27, vein islet number - 8.3, vein termination - 6.6, pali...

Fractionation of petroleum ether partitioned ethanol extract and crude petroleum ether extract of the leaves of Murraya koenigii Linn(Rutaceae) led to the isolation of 5,8-dimethyl furanocoumarin (1) and 1-al, 3[6’, 6’ dimethyl 5-hexene] carbazole (2) and b-sitosterol (3). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods such as UV, IR, NM...

Fractionation of crude petroleum ether extract of the leaves of Bauhinia variegata Linn (Leguminosae) led to the isolation ofdotetracont-8, 16,21-triene-13-ol (1), 12,17,18,23,24-pentamethyl dotetracont-13, 17,23-triene-12-ol (2), hexacos-11-en-15, 20-diol (3) and lupeol(4). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods such as UV, IR,...

The details of isolation and spectral analysis of an oxo-aporphine alkaloid, Liriodenine, (+) – quercitol and sucrose, reported for the first time to occur in the stem bark of Polyalthia cerasoides, by the authors, are described.

Salacia sps (Family: Celastraceae/Hippocrateaceae) is an important source of chemicals of immense medicinal and pharmaceutical importance such as salacinol, mangiferin and kotanalol which are effective as antidiabetic, antiobese, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic and antioxidant agent. Hence, this review considers the importance of the genus Salacia...

The antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of leaves of Hyptis suaveolens Poit. was evaluated in vitro by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity using gallic acid and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as reference standards. They exhibited strong antioxidant radical scavenging activity with IC<SUB>50</SUB> value of 0.4...

Objective: The antibacterial activity of crude petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of Millingtonia hortensis stem bark were tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Methods: The in vitro antibacterial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion method.The...