Pablo Ruiz Nápoles

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México | UNAM · School of Economics

Desde el inicio de su gobierno en 2017, el presidente de Estados Unidos, Donald Trump, expre-só su desagrado con el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN). Según señala-ba, el TLCAN había sido injusto para la economía estadounidense. En consecuencia, su gobierno inició un proceso de renegociación del tratado en la segunda mitad de e...

Introducción El inicio de la administración del presidente Trump en los Estados Unidos estuvo marcado entre otras cosas por una posición muy agresiva frente a México. Los trabajadores mexicanos que habían migrado y que sin permiso de residencia trabajaban en los Estados Unidos así como los que intentaban cruzar la frontera en busca de empleo fueron...

Desde el inicio de su gobierno en 2017, el entonces presidente de los Estados Unidos Donald Trump expresó su desagrado con el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN). Según él mismo señalaba, éste había sido injusto para la economía estadunidense. En consecuencia, su gobierno inició un proceso de renegociación de dicho tratado en la...

Este libro nace de una preocupación compartida por muchos en la academia mexicana acerca del destino e influencia histórica que tendrá la presidencia de Donald Trump. Dado el poder actual de Estados Unidos, que aunque se encuentra en un proceso de declive relativo todavía es un actor global relativamente dominante, el impacto de la presidencia de T...

Economic growth, as measured by the increase of the overall production of goods and services in a country from one period to another, is generally considered as a criterion to evaluate the government performance and the population welfare of that country. In Mexico the product growth rate for 2019 seems to be close to zero. In this work we try to a...

La teoría neoclásica del comercio internacional está basada en gran medida en el teorema de Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O). Esta proposición ha sobrevivido todas las críticas y sigue constituyendo la base de las políticas comerciales de libre mercado. El teorema ha sido puesto a prueba con varias metodologías bajo diversos escenarios; no obstante, la prueba...

In this essay we present the main characteristics of the most adequate option for an economic development model, before two historical circumstances: the failure of the neoliberal model initiated in 1983 and the wining of the general elections by a leftist party, contrary to neoliberalism in 2018. We argue that it is necessary for the new governmen...

Mexico signed in 1993, with the us and Canada, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which entered into operation in January 1994. In all these years, there have been a few formal assessments of NAFTA, from the Mexican side. Even fewer convincing answers for basic questions regarding why the governments of the us and Mexico signed such an...

The paper examines to what extent the key goals that Mexico aimed to reach with the implementation of the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) have been achieved by 2005, more than ten years after it was put in place. The analysis of the statistical information show that NAFTA's capacity to impact Mexico's overall path of economic development...

The central issue studied in this essay is the meaning and implications for public policy of Nicholas Stern's statement that " Climate change is the greatest and widest-ranging market failure ever seen " (Stern, 2006). To deal with this issue we analyze the two big currents about public policy measures in general: market oriented and state interven...

In this study we analyze the evolution and tendencies of Mexico's employment and unemployment, in particular, since the application of the so called economic reforms initiated in the eighties. The central tenet is that the objectives of the government's economic policy regarding employment since the early eighties, not only have not been accomplish...

This brief study presents an overview of the agreements and treaties, on economic or trade matters, that Mexico has with countries in North America or in Latin America. It examines the evolution of trade, investment and migration during the last 25 years and the challenges and progress made by Mexico in these various attempts to strengthen its regi...

This brief study presents an overview of the agreements and treaties, on economic or trade matters, that Mexico has with countries in North America or in Latin America. It examines the evolution of trade, investment and migration during the last 25 years and the challenges and progress made by Mexico in these various attempts to strengthen its regi...

In this study we analyze the evolution and tendencies of Mexico's employment and unemployment, in particular, since the application of the so called economic reforms initiated in the eighties. The central tenet is that the objectives of the government's economic policy regarding employment since the early eighties, not only have not been accomplish...

This is an assessment of the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on prices and quantities of production of the various industries that make up the 2003 input-output matrix of the Mexican economy. These emissions are seen as negative externalities associated to each industry’s productive activity. The study includes the calculation of gas emissions b...

RESUMEN En este artículo se analiza mediante la matriz de insumo-producto de México, de 2003, las consecuencias de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en precios y cantidades de la producción de cada una de las ramas económicas que la integran. Estas emisiones son vistas como externalidades negativas asociadas a la actividad productiva. El...

Real effective exchange rates have been calculated by relative unit labor costs for many countries in the world economy. In this work we develop a methodology to estimate vertically integrated unit labor costs by sector, using input-output techniques, for the Mexican and United States economies in the period 1970-2000. The results are then compared...

Real effective exchange rates have been calculated by relative unit labor costs for many countries in the world economy. In this work we develop a methodology to estimate vertically integrated unit labor costs by sector, using input-output techniques, for the Mexican and United States economies in the period 1970-2000. The results are then compared...

The regulatory framework of a system of innovation is made up by several kind of rules. Such rules makes possible and, at the same time, constrains the operation of the system. In turn, they generates either incentives or restrictions for system agents' actions. This study is focused on the rules derived from the Mexican legislation about science a...

Resumen: El artículo examina en qué medida la economía mexicana ha alcanzado las metas clave que se querían lograr con la implementación del Acuerdo de Libre Comercio de Norteamérica (TLCAN) antes del año 2005, más de diez años después de que fuera puesto en marcha. Del análisis de la información estadística se desprende que la capacidad de impacto...

This paper analyses the economic and social development of Latin America after nearly two decades of macroeconomic policies and reforms in line with the "Washington Consensus". It shows that the- se policies did lower inflation and induced an export boom, but failed to boost domestic investment and to remove the balance of payments binding constrai...

In this paper the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) theory and its criticisms are analysed. The majority of studies show that in most cases, the PPP indicator is not a good predictor for nominal exchange rate changes, nor a good indicator of relative competitiveness between countries. Instead, orthodox and non-orthodox economists use relative labour co...

In this paper, the results of an export-led growth strategy accompanied by a trade liberalization policy implemented in Mexico are analyzed for various periods between 1978 and 2000. The input-output analysis is used to determine the effects of growing exports on gross output and on the level of employment. The results of this analysis allowed us t...

This paper studies some aspects of the evolution undergone by the World Trade Organization, from its predecessor, the GATT, to the Doha Meeting, with respect to Latin American countries. The analysis is aimed at assessing the failure of the Cancun ministerial meeting and presents some perspectives for the multilateral agreements regarding aspects o...

This paper analyses the economic and social development of Latin America after nearly two decades of macroeconomic policies and reforms in line with the "Washington Consensus". It shows that these policies did lower inflation and induced an export boom, but failed to boost domestic investment and to remove the balance of payments binding constraint...

The paper analyzes the economic and social development of Latin America after nearly two decades of macroeconomic policies and reforms in line with the "Washington Consensus." It shows that these policies lowered inflation and induced an export boom but failed to boost domestic investment and to remove the balance-of-payments binding constraint on...

Resumen Las leyes de ciencia y tecnología y orgánica del CONACYT fueron aprobadas por el Congreso en abril pasado. Estas leyes introducen cambios que seguramente provocarán transformaciones, de corto y de largo plazo, en las instituciones donde se realiza la investigación científica y tecnológica. El presente trabajo es parte de uno más amplio que...

In this paper, the results of an exports led growth strategy accompanied by a trade liberalisation policy, implemented in Mexico, are analysed for three periods 1978-82, 1983-87 and 1988-94. The input-output analysis is utilised, to determine the effects of manufacturing exports on gross output, to measure the degree of the global integration of th...

In 1990, the average incidence of poverty and extreme poverty in Latin America was 48.3 per cent and 22.5 per cent respectively. The slow economic expansion experienced since then plus the reorientation of public spending towards social needs managed to only partially alleviate this situation, but was far from sufficient. Indeed, in 2005, 38.5 per...