Pablo Ramos-García

University of Granada | UGR · Oral Medicine & Pathology

Objectives To update the current evidence on the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia (OL), including all studies published worldwide on the subject, selected with the maximum rigor regarding eligibility. Materials and Methods MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus were searched for studies published before June‐2024, with no lower dat...

Simple Summary Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of autoimmune nature and unknown etiology which affects approximately 1% of the world’s population. The most important feature of OLP is its behavior as an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD). The current study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis designed...

Objetivos. La enfermedad celíaca (EC) es un trastorno sistémico que se caracteriza por una enteropatía de expresividad clínica muy variable, en el que los mecanismos subyacentes de algunas de estas manifestaciones aún no se han elucidado completamente, como su relación con la patología oral. Aunque diversos estudios han reportado una mayor prevalen...

Simple Summary Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease of autoimmune nature and unknown etiology, which can affect the oral mucosa, skin, nails, scalp, genitalia, and other mucous membranes. The anatomical location most frequently affected by LP is the oral cavity—called oral lichen planus (OLP)—where white reticular lesi...

Our objective was to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, available evidence on the efficacy of chlorhexidine (CHX) when applied after oral surgery on wound healing and related clinical parameters. MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for studies published bef...

Objectives To perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis in order to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the prevalence and magnitude of the association of hypertension in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). Methods MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies published before May 2022, not restricte...

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the current evidence in relation to the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies publish...

Background: The literature provides limited evidence of cord blood leptin levels in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with contradictory and inconsistent results with respect to their possible implications for maternal, perinatal, and future complications. Methods: MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched in...

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is classified as a potentially malignant disorder. Systematic reviews collating longitudinal observation studies provide evidence of the rate or proportion of malignant transformation. We conducted an umbrella study of published systematic reviews. An extensive English-language study search was carried out in several databa...

Simple Summary Oral and oropharyngeal cancers account for a worldwide incidence of 377,713 and 98,412 new cases annually and 177,757 and 48,143 deaths per year, respectively. Approximately 90% of oral malignancies are squamous cell carcinomas, showing a 5-year mortality rate still close to 50%. The poor prognosis of oral cancer is mainly related to...

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the scientific evidence on the implications of retinoblastoma protein (pRb) alterations in oral cancer, in order to determine its prognostic and clinicopathological significance. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for studies published before February 2022, with no rest...

Endothelial dysfunction has been considered as a key etiological factor contributed to the development of vascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Serum level of endothelial cell adhesion molecules (AMs) were reported to be increased in GDM and pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance when compared with nonpregnant women. The literature provides...

Objectives: Recent new terminologies have been proposed for lesions in the sphere of oral lichen planus (OLP) that theoretically present unique aetiological, clinical, prognostic or management characteristics different from those of the so-called typical forms of OLP. We aimed to critically analyze what concepts and terminologies related to OLP sh...

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology and likely autoimmune nature that is currently considered an oral potentially malignant disorder, implying that patients suffering from this process are at risk of developing oral cancer in their lifetime. The molecular alterations that develop in OLP and that mak...

Oral cancer is a growing problem, accounting for 377,713 worldwide new cases per year, and 177,757 deaths annually and representing a 5-year mortality rate close to 50%, which is a considerable mortality that has not decreased substantially in the last 40 years. The main cause of this high mortality is related to the diagnosis of a high percentage...

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents 95% of all cancers of the head and neck region. Tumour hypoxia, the situation where tumour cells have been deprived of oxygen, has proven to play a pivotal role in this neoplasm. The aim of this review is to explore the composition of hypoxia pathway in OSCC, particularly the clinical and pathological...

In 2000 and 2011, Hanahan and Weinberg published two papers in which they defined the characteristics that cells must fulfil in order to be considered neoplastic cells in all types of tumours that affect humans, which the authors called “hallmarks of cancer”. These papers have represented a milestone in our understanding of the biology of many type...

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the current evidence on the prognostic and clinicopathological significance value of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) upregulation in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for studies published before Apri...

This paper presents the results of the “Archaeological Map in Northern Morocco” project, which has been carried out by researchers from the University of Cadiz, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi and INSAP of Rabat. Four seasons of archaeological survey have taken place in the Tetouan region as well as excavations in the Cave El Hafa and the rock-she...

The Cueva de Ardales is a hugely important Palaeolithic site in the south of the Iberian Peninsula owing to its rich inventory of rock art. From 2011–2018, excavations were carried out in the cave for the first time ever by a Spanish-German research team. The excavation focused on the entrance area of the cave, where the largest assemblage of non-f...

Résumé Nous présentons dans ce travail, un panorama synthétique des occupations humaines du Nord du Maroc, en mettant l’accent sur l’association des données anthropologiques et des données culturelles, ceci dans un cadre chronologique compris entre le Paléolithique Moyen (MSA) et le Paléolithique Supérieur. Nous présentons aussi les projets dévelop...

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a stage of subclinical inflammation and a risk factor for subsequent future type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease development. Leptin has been related with vascular and metabolic changes in GDM with heterogeneous and contradictory results with respect to their possible involvement in maternal, per...

Gingival recessions are a prevalent oral mucosa alteration. To solve this pathology, palatal mucosa or polymeric soft tissue substitutes are used when performing coronal advanced flap (CAF) or tunnel (TUN) surgical techniques. To evaluate which is the most successful approach, a literature review and meta-analysis were conducted. For the electronic...

Objectives To evaluate the current evidence in relation to the predictive value of p53 overexpression as a biomarker of the malignant transformation risk in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). Material and methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus for studies published before July-2021, not restricted by date or public...

This paper presents the results of the “Archaeological Map in Northern Morocco” project, which has been carried out by researchers from the University of Cadiz, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi and INSAP of Rabat. Four seasons of archaeological survey have taken place in the Tetouan region as well as excavations in the Cave El Hafa and the rock-she...

During Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) progression, there is chronic and low-grade inflammation that could be related to the evolution of the disease. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate whether peripheral levels of pro-inflammatory markers such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is significantly different among patients wit...

Objectives We present this systematic review and meta-analyses to evaluate current evidence on the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in patients with oral lichen planus and their magnitude of association. Material and methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar for studies published before J...

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of the aberrant expression of β-catenin (assessed through the immunohistochemical loss of membrane expression, cytoplasmic and nuclear expression) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We searched for primary-level studies published befor...

Objectives The association of OLP with other autoimmune processes points to the possibility that OLP-affected patients are actually developing an autoimmune status that predisposes them to autoaggression against different targets. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the current evidence on the prevalence of autoimmune disorder...

Head and neck cancer is a growing worldwide public health problem, accounting for approximately 1,500,000 new cases and 500,000 deaths annually. Substance P (SP) is a peptide of the tachykinin family, which has roles related to a large number of physiological mechanisms in humans. The implications of SP in carcinogenesis have recently been reported...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem, having recognized that in the next 20 years the number of diabetic patients in the world will increase to 642 million. DM exerts enormous repercussions on general health diabetic (especially derived from vascular, cardiac, renal, ocular, or neurological affectation). It entails in addition a high n...

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is contemplated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) with a high the highest malignant transformation ratio among all OPMD (approximately 50%). Our aim was to evaluate the current evidence in relation to the prognosis of oral carcinoma developed in patients...

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is considered as an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) that presents with a high tendency to recurrence after treatment and has the highest malignant transformation ratio among all OPMD (50%). Evidence-based publications have indicated that the malignant evolution reported is significantly related t...

Background: Patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) have an increased risk of oral cancer. For this reason, OLP is classified as an oral potentially malignant disorder. However, the precise personal (or individual) risk is unknown. Recent meta-analytical studies have reported that dysplastic OLP may transform to cancer in around 6% of cases, while...

Objectives To investigate the available evidence on the malignant transformation (MT) of oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL). Material and Methods We searched six main electronic and three grey literature databases in a two-phase process. Cohort studies investigating MT of PVL were eligible for inclusion. The risk of bias (RoB) was asse...

The objective of our study has been, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, to increase the scientific evidence on the implications of SP and its receptor NK-1R in head and neck carcinogenesis. We searched studies published before May-2020 without date and publication language restrictions (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus). We evalua...

Our objective was to evaluate the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of cyclin D1 (CD1) overexpression/CCND1 amplification in melanomas. We searched studies published before September 2019 (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus). We evaluated the quality of the studies included (QUIPS tool). The impact of CD1 overexpression/CCND1 ampl...

A systematic review of systematic reviews ‐aka overview of reviews, a novel type of study design providing a tertiary level of evidence‐ is presented on systematic reviews (SR) and meta‐analyses (MTA) evaluating the cancer development in oral lichen planus (OLP), oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) and oral lichenoid reactions (OLR). We searched for SR‐MT...

Objectives We present a critical review of the papers published in the international scientific literature on malignant transformation of oral lichen planus (OLP). Our aim is to report the most realistic estimate of the proportion of OLP cases with malignant transformation based on the highest quality of evidence Materials and Methods Following a...

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Fas-associated death domain (FADD) upregulation, i.e., gene amplification, protein phosphorylation and/or overexpression, has shown promising prognostic implications in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of FADD upregulation in...

Objectives To evaluate current evidence in relation to the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of oral squamous cell carcinomas arising in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP-OSCC). Material and methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus for studies published before May-2019. We evaluated the quality of studies (QU...

Background The presence of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 protein (PD-L1) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) may indicate an ability to evade immune response and has been suggested as a prognostic marker, but there is controversy in the literature. Objective To review the scientific evidence of a prognostic role for PD-L1 levels in OSCC. Methods P...

Background: The association between low bone mineral density (BMD) and periodontitis in perimenopausal women is controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine whether osteoporosis or osteopenia is associated with periodontal disease in a population of adult women. Methods: A sample of over-45-year-old women with or without low bone mi...

Objective To evaluate the relation between PD‐L1 expression in oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas and clinicopathological features as well as survival outcomes. Methods A retrospective immunohistochemical study was carried out on 55 archived tumours from 55 patients. Tumours were stained for PD‐L1 and scored by the proportion of tumour cells wit...

Cyclin D1 is a protein encoded by the CCND1 gene, located on 11q13 chromosome, which is a key component of the physiological regulation of the cell cycle. CCND1/cyclin D1 is upregulated in several types of human tumors including melanoma and is currently classified as an oncogene that promotes uncontrolled cell proliferation. Despite the demonstrat...

Objectives: To assess the global oral lichen planus prevalence. Material and methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published before Sep-2019. We evaluated the quality of studies and carried out several meta-analyses. Results: The global pooled prevalence was 1.01%, with a marked geographical difference (p<...

A new paradigm has recently been developed concerning the etiology of oral cancer. It proposes that solely stem cells, a small proportion of cells, are able to be transformed into a tumor, maintain its growth, and contribute to metastatic spread. This new perspective on oral oncogenesis may have major repercussions for the treatment of oral squamou...

Objectives: To evaluate current evidence on the prevalence and risk of oral cancer and potentially malignant oral disorders among patients with diabetes mellitus. Material and methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for observational studies published before November-2019. We evaluated the studies quality using GRADE, QUI...

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a prevalent autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. The importance of the association between hepatic disease and OLP lies in the fact that many of these disorders (HC, HB, cirrhosis, hepatic steatosis) behave as risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma. Material and methods: We searc...

Background This systematic review and meta-analysis qualitatively and quantitatively analyzes the current evidence on the implications of p53 upregulation in oral lichen planus (OLP) assessed by immunohistochemical techniques, in order to identify molecular mechanisms involved in the behavior of OLP as an oral potentially malignant disorder. Mater...

An international team began initial excavations in Ardales Cave (Ardales, Málaga) and in Sima de las Palomas (Teba, Málaga) within the framework of a General Research Project authorized by the Junta of Andalusia. Ardales Cave is a site well known for the importance of its Palaeolithic rock art. In this new project, excavations were carried out in z...

Objectives To evaluate current evidence on the malignant transformation of oral lichen planus (OLP), oral lichenoid lesions (OLLs), and oral lichenoid reactions (LRs) and to determine the variables with greatest influence on cancer development. Material and methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published before...

Background To evaluate published evidence on the predictive value of CCND1 amplification/cyclin D1 overexpression as malignant transformation risk markers in potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) of the head and neck. Material and Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published before June 2018. We conducted a...

This study presents the results of the archaeological investigation in Benzú Cave, located on the North African shore of the Strait of Gibraltar. The archaeological deposits, approximately 1 m deep, belong to two occupational levels dated to the Neolithic and the Bronze Age. A wide range of artifacts was found, and this led to an interdisciplinary...

We assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of the Iberian Peninsula.We document high genetic substructure between northwestern and southeastern hunter-gatherers before the spread of farming.We reveal sporadic contacts be...

Objective To evaluate the association of cyclin D1 overexpression with clinicopathological parameters classically considered of prognostic value in OSCC (T, N, M, clinical stage, degree of differentiation, invasive morphology and, cellular proliferation index). Design A retrospective immunohistochemical study was conducted of cyclin D1 and ki-67 e...

In the geohistorical region of the Strait of Gibraltar, which includes the south of the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa, important research has been carried out in recent years. This research has allowed us to document the presence of human groups as early as the Middle Pleistocene. Classical anthropology refers to these groups using various ter...

Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD‐L1) is a transmembrane protein that acts as a co‐inhibitory factor in the immune response. Its receptor, Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD‐1), is found on immune cells, where binding to PD‐L1 can reduce the proliferation of PD‐1 positive cells, inhibit their cytokine secretion and induce apoptosis. PD‐L1 in immu...

Background To evaluate the prognostic significance of CTTN/cortactin alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Material and methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies published before May 2018. We conducted a meta‐analysis to quantify the impact of CTTN/cortactin alterations on clinicopathologica...

Objective To evaluate cyclin D1 overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinomas and adjacent non-tumour epithelium as a biomarker of premalignant fields and a risk factor for multiple tumour development. Design We studied cyclin D1 expression in 54 patients with 68 oral squamous cell carcinomas plus adjacent non-tumour epithelia characterized as c...

Objectives: To evaluate the prognostic significance of cyclin D1 (CD1) overexpression in OSCC. Material and methods: We searched studies published before August 2017 (Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus). We evaluated the quality of the studies included (Quality in Prognosis Studies [QUIPS] tool). The impact of CD1 overexpression on overall s...

Cortactin is a protein encoded by the CTTN gene, localized on chromosome band 11q13. As a result of the amplification of this band, an important event in oral carcinogenesis, CTTN is also usually amplified, promoting the frequent overexpression of cortactin. Cortactin enhances cell migration in oral cancer, playing a key role in the regulation of f...

Objectives: To examine cytoplasmic cyclin D1 expression levels in oral carcinogenesis and evaluate their possible oncogenic significance and their clinicopathological and prognostic implications. Materials and methods: Immunohistochemical analysis of 69 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) was performed, revealing 23 with cytoplasmic cyclin D1...

Objective: To determine corticosteroid treatment effectiveness in patients with Oral Lichen Planus/Oral Lichenoid Lesions (OLP/OLL). Material and methods: Twenty-one OLP and eighty-one OLL patients received 0.05% clobetasol propionate (CP) or 0.05% triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in aqueous solution (AS) or orabase (OB), evaluating responses to tre...

An important event in oral carcinogenesis is the amplification of chromosomal band 11q13, in which numerous oncogenes and some tumor-suppressor genes are localized and frequently co-amplified during the malignant transformation of oral epithelium. The objectives of this study were to review published data on the involvement of 11q13 amplification i...

Cyclin D1 promotes cell cycle progression during G1 phase, a key event in G1-S transition. The protein is encoded by gene CCND1, located in chromosomal band 11q13. Cyclin D1 plays key roles in cell biology, including: cell proliferation and growth regulation, mitochondrial activity modulation, DNA repair, and cell migration control. CCND1 gene and...

Background: There is inadequate knowledge on the involvement of oncogenic mechanisms linked to the cyclin (CCND1) gene in lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the implication of cyclin D1 in the malignant transformation of lip lesions. Methods: We immunohistochemically studied 45 actinic cheilitis...