Pablo Agustin Vargas

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• DDS, MS, PhD, FRCPath, Professor of Oral Pathology
• Professor (Full) at State University of Campinas (UNICAMP)

Background Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is a potentially malignant histopathological diagnosis given to lesions of the oral cavity that are at risk of progression to malignancy. Manual grading of OED is subject to substantial variability and does not reliably predict prognosis, potentially resulting in sub-optimal treatment decisions. Method We...

Background This systematic review (SR) aimed to summarize the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features of low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS) in the oral and maxillofacial region (OMR), as well as treatment protocols, recurrence, follow-up, and metastasis rates. It follows PRISMA 2022 guidelines and is registered in PROSPE...

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has garnered growing interest, particularly for its ability to improve diagnostic accuracy and streamline clinical workflows. This literature review examines the latest advancements and ongoing challenges in the use of AI for diagnosing odontogenic cysts and tumors. These lesions, origin...

Introduction Ameloblastic fibroma (AF), ameloblastic fibrodentinoma (AFD), and ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) are rare mixed odontogenic tumors. While some authors propose that some cases may evolve into odontomas, other tumors with aggressive clinical features suggest a neoplastic origin. A subset of AF and AFD/AFO harbor the pathogenic BRAF p....

This narrative review aims to appraise the evidence on artificial intelligence models for early diagnosis and risk stratification of oral cancer, focusing on data modalities, methodology differences, applications in the diagnostic flow and models’ performance. Models for early diagnosis and screening provide non-invasive diagnosis without the need...

Background Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are a rare group of neoplasms in pediatric patients, characterized by diverse histological subtypes and distinct biological behaviors. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the demographic, clinical, and histopathological characteristics of SGTs in this population, with the goal of enhan...

Objectives This study aimed to compare patient-reported pain scores and clinician-assessed healing outcomes following the treatment of oral leukoplakia (OL) with a diode laser vs. a conventional scalpel. Methods A randomized, double-blind clinical trial (Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (RBR-7pgcyq) was conducted involving histopathologically co...

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a deep systemic mycosis caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. PCM affects predominantly men in their fifth and sixth decades of life, with low prevalence in women. The reasons for this discrepancy are not fully understood, but oestrogen may influence the transformation of the fungus and modulate the immune respons...

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a fibroblastic neoplasm of uncertain biological origin that is rare in the tongue. A 42-year-old woman presented with a painless, submucosal nodule in the tongue. Based on the clinical hypothesis of benign mesenchymal neoplasia, the lesion was excised, and the specimen was submitted for histopathological analysis. Mi...

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive cancer, with prognosis influenced by clinical variables as well grading systems and perineural invasion (PNI), which are associated to poorer outcomes, including higher rates of recurrence and metastasis. This study aims to evaluate OSCC using three grading systems and assess the imp...

Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is a slow-growing, well-defined unilocular benign mesenchymal odontogenic tumor, that can have sclerotic edges and mixed areas. This case report details a conservative surgical treatment approach for COF that preserved both the cortical basal bone and the tooth segment. A thirty-three-year-old female presented with a...

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an uncommon soft tissue malignant tumor derived from striated muscle tissue. RMS is uncommon in the oral cavity. Herein, we reported the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of an RMS case in a 1-year-old female presenting clinically as an asymptomatic nodule on the lateral border of the tongue. The surgica...

Background Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a rare malignant tumor, frequently affects pediatric patients, with 35%–40% occurring in the head and neck. This study analyzes the clinicopathologic profile of pediatric head and neck rhabdomyosarcomas from Brazil, Guatemala, Mexico, and South Africa. Methods We reviewed 44 cases from 10 Oral and Maxillofacial P...

This case report presents a rare instance of a Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor (CEOT) in the maxilla of a 52-year-old male, characterized by a painless, growing mass and facial asymmetry. Imaging revealed extensive involvement of the maxillary sinus, nasal cavity, pterygoid plate, and infraorbital margin. Histopathological analysis confirme...

The aim of this study was to perform a clinicopathological analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in young patients from the northeast of Brazil and compare with elderly individuals. This retrospective study reviewed 104 OSCC cases from 2000 to 2015, focusing on patients under 40 and over 60 at diagnosis. Forty-two patients under 40 years...

The present investigation aimed to assess the safety of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the oral carcinogenesis process induced by 4NQO, focusing on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Sixty-six Wistar rats received systemic 4NQO for 12 (n = 33) and 20 weeks (n = 33), divided into Control group, PBM 0.3 J, and PBM 1 J. Applications for PBM occurred three...

Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is a potentially malignant histopathological diagnosis given to lesions of the oral cavity that are at risk of progression to malignancy. Manual grading of OED is subject to substantial variability and does not reliably predict prognosis, potentially resulting in sub-optimal treatment decisions. We developed a Transf...

Objective This study aims to provide a literature review of FNAC‐diagnosed plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) cases and present a case of PBL in an HIV patient diagnosed by FNAC. Methods A literature review was conducted across eight databases to compile information on FNAC‐diagnosed PBL cases without restricting the site of involvement. Results The li...

Inverted ductal papilloma is an uncommon benign papillary endophytic tumor. This report aimed to present a case of inverted ductal papilloma of the oral cavity. A 54-year-old female patient presented with an asymptomatic nodular lesion on the lower lip. Time of duration was undetermined. The diagnostic hypotheses were fibrous hyperplasia and benign...

Objective This study aimed to implement and evaluate a Deep Convolutional Neural Network for classifying myofibroblastic lesions into benign and malignant categories based on patch-based images. Methods A Residual Neural Network (ResNet50) model, pre-trained with weights from ImageNet, was fine-tuned to classify a cohort of 20 patients (11 benign...

Aims To develop a model capable of distinguishing carcinoma ex‐pleomorphic adenoma from pleomorphic adenoma using a convolutional neural network architecture. Methods and Results A cohort of 83 Brazilian patients, divided into carcinoma ex‐pleomorphic adenoma ( n = 42) and pleomorphic adenoma ( n = 41), was used for training a convolutional neural...

Central odontogenic fibroma (COF) is a rare benign tumor from odontogenic mesenchyme, accounting for less than 5% of odontogenic tumors. Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is also benign but locally aggressive, featuring multinucleated giant cells in a fibrovascular stroma. Hybrid lesions with features of both COF and CGCG are extremely rare, with...

Head and neck cancers are a growing global health concern, with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounting for 90-95% of all cases within this region. OSCC near dental implants can resemble benign inflammatory lesions, posing diagnosis challenging. A 74-year-old man presented with an ulcerated, asymptomatic lesion in the upper right alveolar mu...

Fungal infections associated with COVID-19 have been responsible for exacerbating the course of the disease, with mucormycosis being one of the main reported conditions. Although dental involvement is commonly considered an extension of rhinocerebral disease, some authors recognize it as a distinct clinical entity characterized by odontogenic onset...

Objective To analyze the characteristics of a series of oral reactions to injectable soft tissue fillers. Materials and Methods Cases diagnosed as oral reactions to injectable soft tissue fillers were selected from eight Pathology laboratories. Information was retrieved from the laboratory charts and from the review of the hematoxylin and eosin‐st...

Background: The study of notable people as advocates for raising cancer awareness began in the latter decades of the 20th century. This research aimed to identify Pan-American notable people with head and neck cancer (HNC) and to explore senior health professionals’ perspectives on communicating stories of notable patients with HNC to promote preve...

An 81-year-old male patient presented with a well-demarcated, unilocular radiolucent lesion in the right mandibular body, identified during a routine radiographic examination. Based on the clinical hypothesis of a residual cyst, enucleation with curettage was performed, and the specimen was submitted for histopathological analysis. Microscopically,...

Objectives To document the case of a patient who underwent several endodontic treatments due to a glandular odontogenic cyst misdiagnosed as an inflammatory periapical lesion. Background Glandular odontogenic cysts behave more aggressively, while others have an indolent course. There is limited information on this cyst in the gerodontologic litera...

Objectives To conduct a comprehensive proteomic analysis of normal salivary gland tissue, pleomorphic adenoma (PA), and carcinoma ex‐pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA), and validate the proteomic findings using immunohistochemistry. Methods Six normal salivary gland tissues, seven PA and seven CXPA samples underwent laser microdissection followed by liqui...