P S Mohanraj

• MBBS, MD, DNB, MBA
• Professor (Associate) at All India Institute of Medical Sciences Gorakhpur

Möbius syndrome (MBS) is a rare congenital neurological disorder. It is primarily characterized by underdevelopment of the facial and abducens nerves, leading to facial paralysis and limited eye movement. Musculoskeletal anomalies and neurodevelopmental challenges add to its complexity. Neuroimaging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),...

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles secreted by various cell types, playing a crucial role in in-tercellular communication by carrying proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, thus holding significant potential in diagnostics and therapeutics. Accurate labeling of exosomes is vital for studying their biogenesis, trafficking, and functional proper...

A BSTRACT Ableism, akin to other forms of discrimination such as sexism and racism, is increasingly recognized as a pervasive societal concern directed towards individuals with disabilities. This scholarly inquiry delineates the operational definition, manifestations, and ramifications of ableism, with a specific focus on its manifestations within...

A lot of different psychological, social, and economic issues are studied in the important area of disability and mental health, which is the subject of this chapter. In this chapter, the definitions, prevalence, and interactions of mental health and disability are looked at in detail. People with impairments are especially more prone to suffer men...

Background and objectives Considering the increasing utilization of online educational tools in medical education, it is essential to evaluate the reliability and validity of online assessments to accurately assess student proficiency and predict academic success. This study investigated the predictive efficacy of different online assessment method...

Purpose Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a mainstay surgical intervention for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Nasal irrigation, particularly with normal saline, is a widely recommended postoperative care modality. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of various nasal irrigation sol...

Introduction: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) presents a formidable health challenge in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study in eastern Uttar Pradesh aims to assess the roles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and adiponectin in DPN, recognizing the crucial need for understanding its molecular underpinnings for enhanc...

Background Prognostic markers are essential for optimizing COVID-19 patient care. This retrospective study examines the prognostic value of the De Ritis ratio (DRR) in intensive care unit (ICU)-admitted patients during the second wave of the pandemic. Methods A retrospective study of four-month duration (March to June 2021) was conducted on 161 ICU...

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent and debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus, leading to sensory abnormalities, decreased balance, and increased risk of foot problems. Although tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) has emerged as a potential factor in the pathogenesis of DPN, its role remains contested. This study intends to...

The prevalence of cannabis use disorders has become a noteworthy global public health issue. Understanding the neurobiological factors associated with cannabis use disorder (CUD) is crucial for creating effective interventions. One such factor, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), has been linked to the onset and persistence of addictive b...

Hypochondriasis is a condition characterized by an unrealistic fear of having a serious medical illness resulting in health anxiety. Currently, no evidence-based pharmacological treatment options are available for the treatment of hypochondriasis. Since selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the first-line treatment option for anxiety...

Background Psoriasis is an immune-mediated, chronic inflammatory disease affecting mainly the skin. Chronic stress leads to the blunted hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) that might induce pro-inflammatory conditions. Hence, we assessed the blood levels of the HPA hormones and interleukin-17 (IL-17) and the effect of stress and emotional dis...

Objective Lipemia is an important cause of preanalytical errors in laboratory results. They affect the specimen integrity and trustworthiness of laboratory results. The present study was to assess the impact of lipemia on routine clinical chemistry analytes. Methods Anonymous leftover serum samples with normal levels of routine biochemical paramete...

Recent evidence links melatonin hormone and its receptor to the etiology and behavioral manifestation of addiction. The role of exogenous melatonin in addiction treatment is still inconsistent and unclear. The present study aimed to review the literature on randomized clinical trials that evaluated the role of melatonin supplementation, compared to...

Introduction Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the skin with an unclear etiological significance. Aim In this study, we determined the mRNA expression and circulating levels of T helper (Th)/T regulatory (Treg) cytokines in psoriasis and analyzed their association with disease severity and treatment response. Material and meth...

Background: Periorbital melanosis (PM) is one of the most common dermatological condition seen in routine practice. Several cutaneous markers such as acanthosis nigricans have been associated with insulin resistance (IR). However, the association of PM with IR needs to be substantiated. Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the as...

Objectives: The students" learning relies to a great extent upon how they contemplate regarding their assessment. This study meant to investigate the existing assessment pattern at our institute and record the insight of medical students towards the importance of assessment and its feedback on their learning, and how this identifies with their asse...

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the most common kidney diseases of childhood. In this study, we assessed urine Vitamin-D binding protein (VDBP) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels as a predictor of steroid responsiveness in idiopathic NS. This cross-sectional study included children with steroid-resistant NS (S...

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased cardiovascular (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Hence, this study was carried out to assess the biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation as predictors of CVD risk in Indian patients with CKD.Methods In this case control study, we recruited 43 patients with CKD and 43 h...

The incidence of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) is on the rise. A high salt content in the diet was found to play a crucial role in mediating IMIDs. It was demonstrated that increased salt concentration favors the differentiation of CD4+ cells to pathogenic Th17 cells, which predispose to several inflammatory diseases by modulating t...

Background Psoriasis is a T‐helper cell mediated chronic immune mediated inflammatory disease affecting mainly the skin, although systemic pathological effects are also observed. Cytokine‐mediated interaction between T lymphocytes and keratinocytes lead to excessive proliferation of keratinocytes, which in turn leads to formation of a pro‐inflammat...

Background & aims To determine burden of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and estimate yield and number needed to screen (NNS) in a tertiary diabetes care center. Methods DKD was diagnosed if estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m² or Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio (UACR) ≥30 mg/g in two urine samples. Results Of 511 partic...

DNA methylation, a central component of the epigenetic network is altered in response to nutritional influences. In one-carbon cycle, folate acts as a one-carbon carrier and vitamin B12 acts as co-factor for the enzyme methionine synthase. Both folate and vitamin B12 are the important regulators of DNA methylation which play an important role in de...

Folate is an essential micronutrient during pregnancy. The differential expression of genes related to folate transport and metabolism during the advancing gestation and pregnancy complications is not well established. Hence, we studied the gene expression of folate metabolism and transport proteins in the placenta with advancing gestation, preecla...

Aims: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss in the working age population. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), are molecules involved in extracellular tissue matrix remodelling. They are implicated in the loss of retinal tissue integrity, a major cause of DR, that leads t...

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly associated with disturbances in mineral metabolism and bone disease. Bone biopsy is the gold standard in diagnosing mineral bone disorder. Hence the search for non-invasive assessment of bone health gains importance. We undertook to assess the bone health in men with stage 4 and 5 chronic kidney...

Objectives: The prevalence of urolithiasis is increasing worldwide. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by insulin resistance, which increases the risk of kidney stone formation. Adiponectin is an insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory cytokine, which is known to improve glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in humans. The association of...

Background: Stress, anxiety and various neurobiological changes have been postulated to be associated with increased suicidal ideation. Hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate the serum concentrations of neurotrophins, inflammatory markers and stress concentrations as predictors of suicidal risk among young adults. Methods: This cross-secti...