Oyedeji Ayonrinde

Queen's University | QueensU · Department of Psychiatry

Importance Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) has high mortality, and rates are increasing among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Objective To define the sex-specific epidemiology of AH in AYAs and the association between female sex and liver-related outcomes after a first presentation of AH. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective,...

Background Post-secondary students frequently experience high rates of mental health challenges. However, they present meagre rates of treatment-seeking behaviours. This elevated prevalence of mental health problems, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic, can lead to distress, poor academic performance, and lower job prospects following the comp...

Background: Post-secondary students are at a greater risk of developing mental health problems than the general population. However, they present meagre rates of treatment-seeking behaviours. This elevated prevalence of mental health problems, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic, can lead to distress, poor academic performance, and lower job p...

Background Men who present to the emergency department (ED) with self-harm are at high risk of dying by suicide, with 2.7% of men dying in the year following their presentation, more than double the rate for women (1.2%). Despite this, care received after an ED visit is highly variable and many are not assessed for psychological needs. Furthermore,...

Human beings are social animals, and social psychiatry is a key discipline within psychiatry around the world. The impact of social factors on the genesis and perpetuation of mental illnesses and maintenance of well-being of individuals and families is well recognized. Exploring social factors is the key to understanding aetiology and developing th...

Human beings are social animals, and social psychiatry is a key discipline within psychiatry around the world. The impact of social factors on the genesis and perpetuation of mental illnesses and maintenance of well-being of individuals and families is well recognized. Exploring social factors is the key to understanding aetiology and developing th...

Background South Africa (SA) has one of the highest rates of youth unemployment and youth who are not in employment, education or training (NEET), even higher among Black South Africans. SA’s NEET rates are 3 times those of UK; 5.4 times of Germany; 1.3 times of Brazil; and 2.5 times of Malaysia. Given that youths between 15 and 24 years of age mak...

Background Men who present to the emergency department (ED) with self-harm are at high risk of dying by suicide, with 2.7% of men dying in the year following their presentation, more than double the rate for women (1.2%). Despite this, care received after an ED visit is highly variable and many are not assessed for psychological needs. Furthermore,...

Background: Cannabis is one of the most common non-prescribed psychoactive substances used in pregnancy. The prevalence of gestational cannabis use is increasing. Aim: The aim was to examine the prevalence of gestational cannabis use and associated pregnancy and neonate outcomes. Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study invol...

The important guidance to maintain a physical distance of two meters from others during the COVID-19 pandemic assumes a universal understanding and ability to implement this distance, which is key to reducing the risk of infection. Evidence suggests that it is difficult to accurately judge distance, and if this is the case, public health implicatio...

Background: Cannabis use disorder among young people with a first episode of psychosis contributes to relapse, hospitalization, and impaired functioning. However, few studies have examined what young people with early-phase psychosis, particularly those from Black racialized communities, understand or appreciate about this relationship - even thou...

BACKGROUND Cannabis use disorder among young people with a first episode of psychosis contributes to relapse, hospitalization, and impaired functioning. However, few studies have examined what young people with early-phase psychosis, particularly those from Black racialized communities, understand or appreciate about this relationship - even though...

Rates of anxiety, depression, and suicidality among young men, 14-24 years old, in rural South Africa.

Mental distress and substance use among South African youth who are not in employment, education, or training in a rural area with high rates of multidimensional poverty.

youth mental health

Race plays a considerable role in the definition and experiences of populations worldwide. Within and across borders, the phenotypic features of individuals can influence their social ranking, opportunities, and experiences of discrimination. Racism may manifest overtly or through chronic difficulties, life events, or experiences of micro-traumas a...

This chapter focuses on the migrant’s journey in between the point of departure from the country of residence to arrival in the country of destination, highlighting the ways in which movement is rendered possible across the international legislative framework. It explores the potential routes open to migrants and emphasizes the qualitative differen...

Globally, the availability and formulations for the administration of cannabis are changing with decriminalization or legalization of recreational use in some jurisdictions, and the prescription of cannabis also occurring. These changes are likely to affect the prevalence of use, including by women of childbearing age. The effects of in utero and i...

Cannabinoids are a diverse class of chemical compounds that are increasingly recognized as potential therapeutic options for a range of conditions. While many studies and reviews of cannabinoids focus on efficacy, safety is much less well reported. Overall assessment of the safety of cannabinoid-based medicines is confounded by confusion with recre...

Background Patients who present to emergency departments after intentional self-harm are at an increased risk of dying by suicide. This applies particularly to men, who represent nearly two-thirds of those who die by suicide in Ontario. One way of potentially addressing this gap is to offer a course of blended problem-solving therapy, comprised of...

The relationship between mental exhaustion and somatic sensations has been described across cultures for millennia, including the contextual relationship with studying and learning. In 19th century Britain, concern regarding the impact of ‘excessive’ study (‘overstudy’) and the mental impact on ‘brainworkers’ led to the coining of the term ‘Brain F...

Numbers are ubiquitous to modern existence and have evolved with humanity over millenia. They structure, record and quantify human behaviour, spiritual belief systems and the evolution of innovation across all spheres of life. Furthermore, cultural identities and interpersonal expression often have numerical components to them for instance rites of...

Common mental disorders (CMDs) affect millions of people worldwide and impose a high cost to individuals and society. Youth are disproportionately affected, as has also been confirmed in South Africa. Mental disorders and substance use disorders often occur as concurrent disorders. Although youth in rural South Africa grow up in d Steel, Z., Marnan...

Background: Patients who present to Emergency Departments (ED) after intentional self-harm are at an increased risk of dying by suicide. This applies particularly to men, who represent nearly two-thirds of those who die by suicide in Ontario. One way of potentially addressing this gap is to offer a course of blended problem-solving therapy (PST), c...

Background: Patients who present to Emergency Departments (ED) after intentional self-harm are at an increased risk of dying by suicide. This applies particularly to men, who represent nearly two-thirds of those who die by suicide in Ontario. One way of potentially addressing this gap is to offer a course of blended problem-solving therapy (PST), c...

Abdominal pain is a common reason for medical visits. We examined the prevalence, gastrointestinal, and emotional significance of abdominal pain in a population-based cohort serially followed up from birth to 17 years. Children and adolescents from Generation 2 of the Raine Study participated in comprehensive cross-sectional assessments at ages 2,...

Background Patients who present to Emergency Departments (ED) after intentional self-harm receive variable levels care in Ontario. Many are not assessed by a mental health professional following discharge from ED and do not receive psychological services available in the community as many of these services are not covered by the provincial health i...

In North America, the psychiatric workforce while relatively large, remains insufficient for the population needs. Specialist training opportunities in psychiatry continues to grow, reflected in both increased recruitment and competitiveness. Furthermore, the iterative process of curriculum development and standardisation of training encourages gre...

Association of cannabis use with schizophrenia is a well-established finding. Its role in causation, however, is debated. Different studies have found that cannabis use impacts the outcome of schizophrenia and is associated with treatment non-adherence and a higher rate of relapses. In this paper, we investigated the impact of self-reported cannabi...

Background In nineteenth-century British India, concern regarding large numbers of asylum patients with ‘Indian Hemp Insanity’ led to establishment of the Indian Hemp Drugs Commission. The exotic cannabis plant was widely used in pharmacopeia and a source of government revenue. The Commission was tasked with determining the public health risks of c...

Background and aims Bowel patterns are varied in the general population. Gastrointestinal symptoms are common reasons for clinical visits. We aimed to examine the usual bowel pattern and the prevalence and significance of gastrointestinal symptoms in a population‐based cohort of Australian adolescents. Methods Seventeen‐year‐old adolescents (n=127...

Background: Acute psychiatric services provide timely access to ambulatory psychiatric care while reducing emergency departments visits for non-urgent psychiatric issues and can also provide transitional care for patients following discharge from inpatient admission. Objective: To examine the impact of an urgent psychiatric care at model at Kingsto...

Faced with unfamiliar clinical presentations, cultural differences and spirituality issues, the psychiatrist is confronted with an interesting conundrum – separating psychopathology from cultural beliefs and establishing a therapeutic relationship across faith. In this case, migration, spirituality, cultural issues and emotional distress are explor...

'A Week Before Examination’ by Lucretia Maria Davidson (1808–1825) - Volume 211 Issue 5 - Oyedeji Ayonrinde

Psychiatry and Racial Liberalism in Harlem, 1936–1968 By Dennis A. Doyle University of Rochester Press. 2016. 268 pp. £80 (hb). ISBN 9781580464925 - Volume 211 Issue 5 - Oyedeji Ayonrinde

Cosmos, Gods and Madmen: Frameworks in the Anthropologies of Medicine Edited by Roland Uttlewood & Rebecca Lynch. Berghahn Books. 2016. £60.00 (hb). 220 pp. ISBN 9781785331770 - Volume 211 Issue 2 - Oyedeji Ayonrinde

Sex, sexuality, and human intimacy are universal and strongly influenced by individual and societal factors. Cultures determine abnormality and normality across the range of human behaviors. Historical, religious, legislative, and technological shifts have also influenced the classification, acceptance, attitudes, and distribution of sexual practic...

Culture influences the presentation and perception of mental distress. It also determines the labeling, idioms of distress, and explanatory models related to mental disorders. Culture-specific or culture-bound syndromes are uncommon, localized symptom patterns of mental distress. The ‘exotic’ non-Western classificatory histories of most of these di...

Culture bound syndromes were described over 60 years ago. The underlying premise was that certain psychiatric syndromes are confined to specific cultures. There is no doubt that cultures influence how symptoms are perceived, explained and where the help is sought from. Cultures determine what idioms of distress are employed to express distress. Rap...

Aims and method To explore the current salience of ‘brain fag’ as a nosological, diagnostic and clinical construct in modern West African psychiatry. A semi-structured questionnaire and vignette based on classical symptoms of brain fag syndrome were used to explore current knowledge, explanatory models and practice among Nigerian psychiatrists. Res...

The role of sexual activity is fundamental to the preservation and perpetuation of the human race. The non-procreational role of sexual activity is culturally affected and very strongly influenced by a range of factors such as ease of availability of sexual partners, opportunities for sexual activities, and individual fantasies. Cultural norms, tab...

Although the recent edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) has given up the term culture bound syndromes, its pervasiveness in both diagnosis and management remains. There is a serious danger, especially across cultures, that this is misdiagnosed or over-diagnosed. Originally these conditions were seen as exotic syndromes, particularl...

We aimed at testing whether an assertive outreach team (AOT) run by a Black voluntary organisation is more acceptable to Black people with severe mental illness. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) of 83 Black (African, African Caribbean or Black British) patients with severe mental illness with treatment as usual (TAU) or Assertive Outreach (AO) b...

Brain Fag Syndrome has been described as a culture bound syndrome associated with mental exertion and study in West Africans. Modern psychiatric and social science literature over the last half century describe the emanation of the term “brain fag” as well as the syndrome in Nigeria. Characterised by somatic, affective, anxiety and cognitive featur...

Paracetamol is a component of a number of drugs taken in overdose (OD). The influence of alcohol use (acute or chronic) on the presentation and clinical course of paracetamol OD is contentious. This study explores the relationship between paracetamol OD, alcohol consumption and clinical outcomes at a regional Australian hospital. To determine the f...

Nigeria is a large West African country, more than 900 000 km ² in area–nearly four times the size of the UK. Despite having a population of about 117 million people, 42% of whom live in cities, Nigeria has about half the population density of the UK. About a sixth of all Africans are Nigerian. The country has a diverse ethnic mix, with over 200 sp...

Migration and its associated processes can produce considerable stress on those who are migrating as well as on those around them. Depression should be a common sequel of the process, but is not consistently found to be so. This paper reviews the literature and suggests that various vulnerability factors, including culture shock and changed cultura...

Culture influences all spheres of human life. It defines health, illness, and the search for relief from disease or distress. With increased mobilization of people across geographical and national borders, multicultural trends are emerging in many countries. This is reflected in the cultural diversity presenting to clinicians in their daily practic...

Background: The millennium posed an unknown challenge to mental health services worldwide. In anticipation, contingencies were implemented in preparation for the unexpected impact on psychiatric morbidity. Results: This study evaluates the impact of the millennium on psychiatric emergency service utilization in the Northern and Southern hemispheres...

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is widely practised in several regions of the world. It is often associated with physical, psychological, sexual and social sequelae. Migration of persons from cultures that actively practice FGM to the UK and other Western countries increases the chances that clinicians will be faced with patients who have undergone...

The interesting study reported by Reeves et al ([2001][1]) draws attention to mental health service provision for ethnic minority elders. However, their findings could be misleading as they repeat common errors of cross-cultural research. By definition, African and Caribbean elders are not a

The relationship between stressors and the onset of psychosis is well described in the literature. However, for minority ethnic groups in the UK the impact of racism and racial life events has not been studied to the same extent. In this paper we describe the development of a semi-structured interview – Racial Life Events Schedule (RALES) – in orde...

Background: While the proportions of ethnic groups differ in multicultural societies, their distribution in patient and carer populations may show greater diversity. Mental health needs across cultural groups often vary and the need for increased awareness and sensitivity has been stressed. The challenges and limitations faced by the psychiatrist (...

The PRiSM papers ([Becker et al , 1998][1]) and subsequent editorial ([Marshall et al , 1999][2]) on assertive community treatment (ACT) highlight the quest by mental health professionals to provide appropriate and effective services to vulnerable individuals with severe mental illness. The design,

In multi-cultural societies, the ethnic mix of patient and carer populations may be diverse.Culturally sensitive psychiatric services need to be aware of the specific needs of their patients such as interpreters, bilingual staff and accessible resources.The importance of crosscultural awareness has also been stressed.The challenges and limitations...

The Internet provides information on virtually any subject. This is readily accessible to the public, although of variable quality. The Internet also plays an important role in contemporary psychiatry with the dissemination of information on disorders, research and clinical practice. Our patients may have access to mental health web-sites, consulti...