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Publications (45)
ENG: The aim of this research was to examine the Social Outbreak in Chile in 2019 as an event that offered socio-political opportunities and produced changes in the subjectivities of a heterogeneous set of social actors who led the massive return of radical collective actions for housing such as land seizures and the organization of settlements. Th...
This paper examines individual's evaluation of distributive justice in Chile. The objective is to explore how individuals' subjective social position affects their judgment of their own income and whether this judgment rests on a notion of merit. We use data from a vignette-based survey to analyze evaluations by a representative sample of people fr...
Este artículo se refiere a la evaluación de los individuos acerca de la justicia distributiva en Chile. El objetivo consiste en examinar cómo la posición social subjetiva de las personas afecta su juicio respecto a sus propios ingresos y si este juicio descansa en la noción de mérito. Usamos datos provenientes de una encuesta basada en viñetas, par...
El objetivo de este artículo es comprender cómo definen los individuos su posición social durante la crisis sociopolítica abierta por el estallido social del 2019 en Chile. Se utiliza una encuesta basada en viñetas en una muestra estadísticamente representativa en Santiago y Puerto Montt. Los resultados muestran que las dos formas principales de no...
In this chapter, we present the results of methodological approaches to the representations of social justice over time. Our socio-historical perspective raises the question of the origins of what prevails in the present, seen as what was once possible now made reality. This helps us to better grasp the origin of subjective visions of justice and t...
The judgments of individuals about the period of President Allende's government in Chile are studied, particularly the crisis that worsened in 1972 and 1973, which preceded the military coup of September 1973 and the establishment of a dictatorship. The article emphasizes the perspective of ordinary people, based on unpublished data from a panel su...
Luego de intensos procesos de movilización estudiantil, en 2016 se creó el mecanismo de financiamiento conocido como “gratuidad” para cursar estudios superiores en Chile. Se presume que este mecanismo focaliza la ayuda estatal y promueve que grupos usualmente excluidos ingresen a las universidades, pero existe evidencia controversial al respecto. U...
En este texto, que forma parte del libro "Saltar el Torniquete", cuatro investigadores examinan cómo cambian las percepciones sobre los jóvenes urbanos, en tres momentos: antes del 18/O, en las semanas siguientes al estallido y durante la pandemia. Para ello realizan entrevistas grupales a personas de distintos estratos sociales y distintas ciudade...
The uprising served as an emotional detonator that triggered spiralling distrust of power, of the economic elite, and of the ideological notion of meritocracy. But it also brought a sense of hope in the potential for collective solutions.
Em 18 de outubro de 2019, o Chile sentiu os primeiros tremores de uma crise social que abalaria o país pelos próximos meses. Embora os grupos de poder associem a revolta social apenas à desordem e destruição, uma pesquisa dos autores publicada em março mostrou que o dia 18 de outubro, conhecido como 18/O, despertou em muitas pessoas a ideia de que...
On 18 October 2019, Chile felt the first tremors of a social crisis that would rock the country over the coming months. Although those in power refer to the uprising only in terms of disorder and violence, a study published by the authors in March 2020 (available in Spanish here) found that the events kindled hope for a better future among people t...
Aunque los grupos de poder hablan del estallido social sólo como desorden y destrucción, una investigación de los autores publicada en marzo mostró que el 18/O despertó en muchas personas la idea de que el futuro podría ser mejor. Sin embargo, al volver a hablar con esas mismas personas, tras meses de pandemia, los autores reportan que la esperanza...
In order to understand the way in which people self-identify in society and as a contribution to debates about class identity in Latin America, in this article the authors assess how individuals categorize themselves and others socially, and discuss whether a significant portion of the population classifies itself as middle class. They address the...
Published in El Llanquihue (Puerto Montt, Chile)
Esta columna ofrece un inédito panorama de las emociones colectivas que emergieron tras el 18/O, a partir de un estudio con grupos focales. Sugiere que el estallido actuó como un detonante emocional que hizo crecer la desconfianza en el poder, en la elite financiera y en la ideología del mérito, a la vez que permitió la reaparición de la palabra pu...
This article examines how symbolic representations of social-spatial differences help to maintain social stratification within Santiago de Chile. Several focus group discussions illuminated the approaches and resources used by the middle classes to build the boundaries that define them within the city. The way in which the middle class understands...
RESUMEN Este artículo estudia las evaluaciones subjetivas de la justicia social en Chile, un país en el cualprevalecen pronunciadas desigualdades sociales al igual que en el resto de América Latina. Analizamos empíricamente las percepciones sobre lo justo y lo injusto en relación con los ingresos de distintas posiciones sociales, buscando responder...
A eleição de Allende como presidente do Chile em 1970, cujo governo foi derrubado três anos depois por um golpe militar, é o tema deste artigo. O período anterior à eleição de Allende é estudado, enfatizando a perspectiva das pessoas comuns, examinando, por um lado, a legitimidade do sistema político e, por outro, as percepções sobre a justiça soci...
Investigaciones empíricas en diversos países muestran que una parte importante de la población se identifica subjetivamente con las clases medias. A partir de una clasificación de las personas en la sociedad elaborada por los propios individuos, analizamos de qué modo ellos se identifican con una posición social. Nuestro análisis se basa en una enc...
This article seeks to define and characterize the urban structure of Santiago, Chile, based on the relation between its inhabitants’ places of residency and work, which form local labour market zones. The article explains the criteria and methodological procedures used to define these zones, and it describes them on the basis of this functional def...
Resumen El propósito del presente artículo es delimitar y caracterizar la estructura urbana de Santiago de Chile a partir de la relación entre los lugares de residencia y de trabajo de sus habitantes, que conforman zonas de mercado laboral local. Se exponen los criterios y procedimientos metodológicos empleados, de acuerdo con los cuales se estable...
This article puts the sociology of quantification invented and promoted by Alain Desrosières into perspective regarding a fruitful but rarely addressed approach in this research stream: the relationships that are built between official (or scholar) classifications and ordinary categorizations of the social space. In order to achieve this, the artic...
Sharp social inequalities in Latin America persist not only as a result of structural elements, but also because people justify and legitimate them in everyday life. Thus, to overcome inequalities it is necessary that individuals subjectively perceive them as unjust. This is an issue that is especially relevant in Chile, one of the first countries...
La justicia social es y ha sido una idea central en las sociedades latinoamericanas y de la mano de ella, también la justicia entre los territorios y al interior de éstos. Las desigualdades constituyen un objeto de estudio recurrente en las ciencias sociales, pero no todas las desigualdades son consideradas injustas, de lo cual se deriva la pregunt...
RESUMEN: Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación acerca de la clase media chilena y su percepción de la élite socioeconómica. Ha surgido un interés renovado en estudiar a la clase media debido a su rápido crecimiento y los desafíos socio-políticos que esto suscita. Al mismo tiempo, con respecto de la élite socioeconómica -una de...
Resumen
Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación acerca de la clase media chilena y su percepción de la élite socioeconómica. Ha surgido un interés renovado en estudiar a la clase media debido a su rápido crecimiento y los desafíos socio-políticos que esto suscita. Al
mismo tiempo, con respecto de la élite socioeconómica -una de l...
Two contrasting points of view, namely, the categorization of social differences among individuals in society and the subjective representations about social categories, have been the target of a long-standing theoretical controversy. We examine the classification of members of society as developed mainly by people that belong in middle classes. Us...
¿Cómo abordar hoy la pregunta por la desigualdad, no desde su medición, sino que desde la comprensión de su reproducción en la vida cotidiana?
In this paper, we provide an analysis about the relationship between expert and pragmatic categories used to name and categorize social space, from the point of view of the social hierarchies that structure it. Taking the case of Chile, and applying an experimental simulation methodology, we seek to contribute to the epistemological debate about th...
Abstract - This article analyzes the inequalities between social classes based on sub-national territories in Chile, contributing to the discussion on whether or not there is a single, discernable process of mesocratization. The urbanization process is analyzed, distinguishing between different territories according to their job markets, in which d...
This paper will present the preliminary results of a research on the Chilean middle class and its perception of the socioeconomic elite. The global emergence of the middle class (Banerjee & Duflo 2007, Ravallion 2009, Birdsall 2010, Kharas 2011, Franco et al. 2011, Dobbs et al. 2012, Ferreira et al. 2012, López & Ortiz 2012, Oliveira 2012, Chunling...
El Movimiento Campesino Revolucionario (MCR) se constituyó en septiembre de 1970, poco después de la elección de Salvador Allende como Presidente de Chile, en las provincias de Malleco y Cautín de la actual región de la Araucanía. El movimiento incorporó tanto a mapuches como a campesinos pobres no mapuches, aunque sus principales dirigentes eran m...
A cohort analysis methodology is used in this article to study Chile’s “new” middle classes. It describes the members of these cohorts and compares them with older cohorts that are still economically active. The relative size as of the 1990s and 2000s of these occupationally determined middle classes or strata are analysed, and a distinction is dra...
Social inequalities in Chile include territorial inequalities thatremain unobserved when focusing exclusively on administrative regions. A grid oftypes of territories representing the urbanization process at a sub-regional level isproposed for the study of social inequalities from a territorial perspective. A territoryis delineated by a common labo...
RESUMEN En este artículo se utiliza la metodología del análisis de cohortes para estudiar a las actuales " nuevas " clases medias chilenas, describiendo su composición y comparándolas con las cohortes previas que continúan en actividad laboral. Entendidas las clases medias como estratos definidos según la ocupación, se analiza el tamaño relativo de...
A cohort analysis methodology is used in this article to study Chile's " new " middle classes. It describes the members of these cohorts and compares them with older cohorts that are still economically active. The relative size as of the 1990s and 2000s of these occupationally determined middle classes or strata are analysed, and a distinction is d...
AT THE ORIGIN OF SOCIAL POLICY IN CHILE, 1850-1879
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ………………………..……………………………………………..…1
1. HEALTH CARE IN HOSPITALS AND THE FIGHT AGAINST SMALLPOX...17
Demand for hospital care …………………..……………………………….………..……21
Medicine and hospitals …………………………………………………….………….…..29
Top priority objective: improving and expanding hospita...
The great smallpox epidemic of 1872 in Santiago, Chile / La gran epidemia de viruela de 1872 en Santiago, Chile
En este trabajo estudiamos a las clases medias chilenas desde el punto de vista de procesos poco reflexivos de transgresión, que son relevantes cuando se enfrentan las desigualdades sociales desde la perspectiva de los propios individuos, como ocurre respecto de la homogamia. Un estudio histórico, desde el período post-colonial hasta hoy, nos permi...
The French economist Courcelle-Seneuil played a relevant role in the foundation period of the economic discipline in Chile. As an advisor to the Chilean Ministry of Finance, his ideas were based on liberal classical economy had a strong influence on the country's economic policies in the mid-19th century. His approach to "economic science" influenc...
Copper miners in Chile have traditionally been considered militant and highly politicized. In this article two researchers from Chile analyze how the nationalization of the mines and the advent of the military regime have influenced the miners and their organizations.
