Oscar ibáñez

Panacea Cooperative Research S. Coop.

Learning Overview: After attending this presentation, attendees will be informed about a novel methodology for dental comparison involving the superimposition of Antemortem (AM) smiling photographs and Postmortem (PM) 3D intraoral scans. Impact Statement: This presentation will impact the forensic science community by sharing a novel approach that...

Introduction Comparative radiography is a forensic identification and shortlisting technique based on the comparison of skeletal structures in ante-mortem and post-mortem images. The images (e.g., 2D radiographs or 3D computed tomographies) are manually superimposed and visually compared by a forensic practitioner. It requires a significant amount...

Craniofacial Superimposition involves the superimposition of an image of a skull with a number of ante-mortem face images of an individual and the analysis of their morphological correspondence. Despite being used for one century, it is not yet a mature and fully accepted technique due to the absence of solid scientific approaches, significant reli...

In 2017, a series of human remains corresponding to the executed leaders of the “January Uprising” of 1863–1864 were uncovered at the Upper Castle of Vilnius (Lithuania). During the archeological excavations, 14 inhumation pits with the human remains of 21 individuals were found at the site. The subsequent identification process was carried out, in...

Facial biometrics play an essential role in the fields of law enforcement and forensic sciences. When comparing facial traits for human identification in photographs or videos, the analysis must account for several factors that impair the application of common identification techniques, such as illumination, pose, or expression. In particular, faci...

Background and Objectives: Craniometric landmarks are essential in many biomedical applications, such as morphometric analysis or forensic identification. The process of locating landmarks is usually a manual and slow task, highly influenced by fatigue, skills and the experience of the practitioner. Localization errors are propagated and magnified...

INTRODUCTION: Comparative radiography is a forensic identification technique based on the comparison of skeletal structures in ante-mortem and post-mortem radiographic data to determine the identity of a deceased person. Several works have tackled its automation using different approaches but all of them require the manual segmentation of the skele...

Comparative radiography (CR) is the forensic anthropology technique in which ante-mortem (AM) and post-mounknown 2021 0.823 on a dataset composed of 234 skull radiographs. Second, an evolutionary-based 2D-3D IR method, that searches for the best alignment of segmented AM and PM images using a real-coded evolutionary algorithm. The proposed system i...

Skeleton-based forensic identification techniques involve the assessment of human osseous remains to identify the deceased person’s identity and cause of death. Craniofacial superimposition (CFS) is one of the most extended techniques of such kind. It involves the superimposition of an image of a skull with a number of ante-mortem face images of an...

Real-coded evolutionary algorithms have solved numerous real-world optimization problems. In this work, we aim to analyze the behavior and robustness of several real-coded evolutionary algorithms from the state of the art in a challenging real world optimization problem. This optimization problem consists on the superimposition of 3D and 2D images...

Chest X-ray images (CXRs) are the most common radiological examination tool for screening and diagnosis of cardiac and pulmonary diseases. The automatic segmentation of anatomical structures in CXRs is critical for many clinical applications. However, existing deep models work on severely down-sampled images (commonly \(256\times 256\) pixels), red...

This paper represents the first survey on the application of AI techniques for the analysis of biomedical images with forensic human identification purposes. Human identification is of great relevance in today’s society and, in particular, in medico-legal contexts. As consequence, all technological advances that are introduced in this field can con...

This open access book is the first comprehensive guide to a new soft computing technique which is used in complex forensic cases. The chapters include detailed technical and practical overviews, and discussions about the latest tools, open problems and ethical and legal issues involved. The book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners...

Comparative radiography has a crucial role in the forensic identification endeavor. A proposal to automate the comparison of ante-mortem and post-mortem radiographs has been recently proposed based on an evolutionary image registration method. It considers the use of differential evolution to estimate the parameters of a 3D-2D registration transfor...

Facial landmarks are employed in many research areas, including facial recognition, craniofacial identification, age and sex estimation being the most important. In forensics, the focus is on the analysis of a particular set of facial landmarks, defined as cephalometric landmarks. Previous studies demonstrated that the descriptive adequacy of these...

Facial landmarks are employed in many research areas such as facial recognition, craniofacial identification, age and sex estimation among the most important. In the forensic field, the focus is on the analysis of a particular set of facial landmarks, defined as cephalometric landmarks. Previous works demonstrated that the descriptive adequacy of t...

Comparative radiography is a forensic identification technique traditionally involving the manual comparison of ante-mortem and post-mortem radiographs, thus being time consuming and error prone. The main objective is to propose and validate a computer-aided comparative radiography paradigm based on the 3D bone scan-2D radiograph superimposition pr...

Photo-anthropometry is a metric-based facial image comparison technique where measurements of the face are taken from an image using predetermined facial landmarks. In particular, dimensions and proportionality indices (DPIs) are compared to DPIs from another facial image. Different studies concluded that photo-anthropometric facial comparison, as...

Craniofacial superimposition is one of the most important skeleton-based identification methods. The process studies the possible correspondence between a found skull and a candidate (missing person) through the superimposition of the former over a variable number of images of the face of the latter. Within craniofacial superimposition we identifie...

Craniofacial superimposition (CFS) is a forensic identification technique which studies the anatomical and morphological correspondence between a skull and a face. It involves the process of overlaying a variable number of facial images with the skull. This technique has great potential since nowadays the wide majority of the people have photograph...

Craniofacial superimposition (CFS) is a skeleton-based technique that aims to provide identity to a skull through its superimposition with one or more photographs of candidate missing people. While traditionally performed by forensic experts, computer-aided CFS methods can now provide substantial speedups and are quickly progressing towards a large...

Craniofacial superimposition involves the process of overlaying a skull with a number of ante-mortem images of the face of an individual and the analysis of their morphological correspondence. This research focused on the skull–face overlay stage with the aim of modeling the expert knowledge that is related to the existing anthropometric difference...

Craniofacial superimposition has the potential to be used as an identification method when other traditional biological techniques are not applicable due to insufficient quality or absence of ante-mortem and post-mortem data. Despite having been used in many countries as a method of inclusion and exclusion for over a century it lacks standards. Thu...

Dr. Ibañez-Prieto have given a talk at IWMEDIC 2016, IV International Workshop on Medical Imaging, Medical Coding, and Data Analysis http://sciforum.net/conference/mol2net-02/iwmedic-04. The talk was about a framework for automatic segmentation of medical images based on level sets and machine learning methods. The presentation was scheduled for 20...

Craniofacial superimposition (CFS) involves the process of overlaying a skull with a number of ante-mortem images of an individual and the analysis of their morphological correspondence. The lack of unified working protocols and the absence of commonly accepted standards, led to contradictory consensus regarding its reliability. One of the more imp...

Craniofacial superimposition involves the process of overlaying a skull with a number of ante-mortem images of an individual and the analysis of their morphological correspondence. This research focused on the skull-face overlay stage with the aim of modeling the expert knowledge that is related to the existing anthropometric differences among land...

Skull–face overlay is the most time-consuming and error-prone stage in craniofacial superimposition, an important skeleton-based forensic identification technique. This task focuses on achieving the best possible overlay of an unknown skull found and a single ante-mortem image of a candidate missing person. The process is influenced by some sources...

Deformable models are segmentation techniques that adapt a curve to maximize its overlap with the actual contour of an object of interest within an image. Such a process requires the definition of an optimization framework whose most critical issues include choosing an optimization method which exhibits robustness with respect to noisy and highly-m...

Deformable models are a well-established and vigorously researched approach to tackle a large variety of image segmentation problems. However, they generally use a set of weighting parameters that need to be manually tuned, a task that is both hard and time consuming. More importantly, these techniques assume that the global minimum of the energy f...

Craniofacial superimposition is one of the most relevant skeleton-based identification techniques. Within this process, the skull-face overlay stage focuses on achieving the best possible overlay of a skull found and an ante mortem image of a candidate person. In previous work, we proposed an automatic skull-face overlay method, based on evolutiona...

Craniofacial superimposition involves the process of overlaying a skull with a number of ante-mortem images of an individual and the analysis of their morphological correspondence. Within the craniofacial superimposition process, the skull-face overlay stage focuses on achieving the best possible overlay of the skull and a single ante-mortem image...

As part of the scientific tasks coordinated throughout The 'New Methodologies and Protocols of Forensic Identification by Craniofacial Superimposition (MEPROCS)' project, the current study aims to analyse the performance of a diverse set of CFS methodologies and the corresponding technical approaches when dealing with a common dataset of real-world...

In this manuscript, the past, present and future of the identification of human remains based on craniofacial superimposition is reviewed. An analysis of the different technological approaches developed over time is offered in conjunction with a new classification based on the technology implemented throughout the diverse phases of the process. The...

Artificial Neuron-Glia Networks (ANGNs) are a novel bio-inspired machine learning approach. They extend classical Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) by incorporating recent findings and suppositions about the way information is processed by neural and astrocytic networks in the most evolved living organisms. Although ANGNs are not a consolidated met...

The morphological assessment of facial features using photographs has played an important role in forensic anthropology. The analysis of anthropometric landmarks for determining facial dimensions and angles has been considered in diverse forensic areas. Hence, the quantification of the error associated to the location of facial landmarks seems to b...

Craniofacial superimposition is a forensic identification method involving the overlay of a skull over the available ante-mortem photographs of a candidate missing person face and the subsequent analysis of their anatomical correspondence. Within this process, the decision making stage focuses on determining the degree of support of being the same...

Craniofacial superimposition can provide evidence to support that some human skeletal remains belong or not to a missing person. It involves the process of overlaying a skull with a number of ante mortem images of an individual and the analysis of their morphological correspondence. Within the craniofacial superimposition process, the skull-face ov...

One of the most important tasks in forensic anthropology is human identification. Over the past decades, forensic anthropologists have focused on improving techniques to increase the accuracy of identification. Following a thorough examination of unidentified human remains, the investigator chooses a specific identification technique to be applied,...

Objective, and unbiased validation studies over a significant number of cases are required to get a more solid picture on Craniofacial Superimposition reliability. It will not be possible to compare the performance of existing and upcoming methods for Craniofacial Superimposition without a common forensic database available for research community....

Craniofacial superimposition involves the process of overlaying a skull with a number of ante mortem images of an individual and the analysis of their morphological correspondence. It can provide evidence to support that some human skeletal remains belong or not to a disappeared person. Within the craniofacial superimposition process, the skull-fac...

Topological Active Nets are promising parametric deformable models that integrate features of region-based and boundary-based segmentation techniques. Problems associated with the complexity of the model, however, have limited their utility. This paper introduces an extension of the model, defining a new behavior for changing its topology, as well...

Image segmentation is the critical task of partitioning an image into multiple objects. Deformable Models are effective tools aimed at performing image segmentation. Among them, Topological Active Nets (TANs), and their extension, ETANs, are models integrating features of region-based and boundary-based segmentation techniques. Since the deformatio...

Craniofacial superimposition is a forensic process where photographs or video shots of a missing person are compared with the skull that is found. By projecting both photographs on top of each other (or, even better, matching a scanned three-dimensional skull model against the face photo/video shot), the forensic anthropologist can try to establish...

Craniofacial superimposition is a forensic identification technique where photographs or video shots of a missing person are compared with a skull found in order to determine whether that is the same person. The second stage of this complex forensic process, named skull-face overlay, aims to achieve the best overlay of the skull 3D model and the 2D...

Resumen--Las Redes NeuroGliales Artificiales son sistemas conexionistas que incorporan, además de neuronas artificiales, elementos de control que simulan el comportamiento de los astrocitos cerebrales (células del Sistema Glial). Tras descubrirse, mediante experimentos en laboratorios de Neurociencia, que los astrocitos participan de modo activo en...

Craniofacial superimposition (CS) is a forensic process where photographs or video shots of a missing person are compared with the skull that is found. By projecting both photographs on top of each other (or, even better, matching a scanned 3-D skull model against the face photo/video shot), the forensic anthropologist can try to establish whether...

Compelling evidence indicates the existence of bidirectional communication between astrocytes and neurons. Astrocytes, a type of glial cells classically considered to be passive supportive cells, have been recently demonstrated to be actively involved in the processing and regulation of synaptic information, suggesting that brain function arises fr...

This contribution is devoted to review the outcomes of some of the research lines developed at the European Center for Soft Computing since its creation by the beginning of 20061. In particular, the activities performed by the Applications of Fuzzy Logic and Evolutionary Algorithms research unit will be described. We will specially focus on two cha...

Photographic supra-projection is a forensic process that aims to identify a missing person from a photograph and a skull found. One of the crucial tasks throughout all this process is the craniofacial superimposition which is usually carried out manually by forensic anthropologists; thus being very time consuming and presenting several difficulties...

Photographic supra-projection is a forensic process that aims to identify a missing person from a photograph and a skull found. One of the crucial tasks throughout all this process is the craniofacial superimposition which tries to find a good fit between a 3D model of the skull and the 2D photo of the face. This photographic supra-projection stage...

A new measurement system for laboratory wave flumes is presented, based on the analysis of digital images by means of computer vision techniques. Unlike conventional wave gauges, the system detects the motions of the free surface along the flume section of interest as opposed to a point. A further advantage lies in that no sensors are necessary wit...

The use of hybrid artificial intelligence systems in operations management has grown during the last years given their ability to tackle combinatorial and NP hard problems. Furthermore, operations management problems usually involve imprecision, uncertainty, vagueness, and high-dimensionality. This paper examines recent developments in the field of...

The topological active nets (TANs) model is a deformable model used for image segmentation. It integrates features of region-based and edge-based segmentation techniques so it is able to fit the contours of the objects and model their inner topology. Also, topological changes in its structure allow the detection of concave and convex contours, hole...

This contribution is devoted to review the outcomes of some of the research lines developed at the European Centre for Soft Computing since its creation by the beginning of 2006. In particular, the activities performed by the Applications of Fuzzy Logic and Evolutionary Algorithms research unit will be described. We will specially focus on two chal...