Oscar Kurt Bitzer Quintero

Mexican Institute of Social Security | IMSS · Departamento de Neurologia

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is a demyelinating disease that causes paralysis in laboratory rats. This condition lacks treatment that reverses damage to the myelin sheaths of neuronal cells. Therefore, in this study, treatment with EPO as a neuroprotective effect was established to evaluate the ERK 1/2 signaling pathway and its partici...

Introduction: This paper highlights the relationship of inflammation and oxidative stress as damage mechanisms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), considered an inflammatory and autoimmune disease. Development: The oxidative stress concept has been defined by an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants. There is necessary to...

Cetaceans exhibit physiological adaptations that allowed the transition to aquatic life, including a robust antioxidant defense system that prevents injury from repeated exposure to ischemia/reperfusion events associated with breath-hold diving. The signaling cascades that characterize ischemic inflammation in humans are well characterized. In cont...

Progression to renal damage by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the result of the dysregulation of various tissue damage repair mechanisms. Anesthetic preconditioning with opioids has been shown to be beneficial in myocardial IRI models. Our main objective was to analyze the influence of pharmacological preconditioning with opioids in renal fun...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder whose etiology is not fully understood. Genetic factors, environmental factors, and eating habits are involved in the onset and development of the disease. Alterations in the gut microbiota are related to MS development since various studies directly relate it to the immune system and...

Psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology is the area of study of the intimate relationship between immune, physical, emotional, and psychological aspects. This new way of studying the human body and its diseases was initiated in the last century’s first decades. However, the molecules that participate in the communication between the immune, endocrine, and ne...

In mammals, there is an excellent autonomous regulation between the nervous system and the intestinal microbiota, which arises at the level of the immune system, neuroendocrine system and the vagus nerve. The gut-brain axis allows the intestinal microbiota to affect brain function through different pathways such as an immune regulatory, a neuroendo...

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is among the most common plasticizer additives that humans are in contact with daily. DEHP can be released from plastic and enter the human body, whereby it is metabolized and transformed into oxidative hydrophilic molecules. Clinical follow-ups in patients exposed to this phthalate and investigations in cultures...

Introduction This paper highlights the relationship of inflammation and oxidative stress as damage mechanisms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), considered an inflammatory and autoimmune disease. Development The oxidative stress concept has been defined by an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants. There is necessary to do p...

Cetacea is a clade well-adapted to the aquatic lifestyle, with diverse adaptations and physiological responses, as well as a robust antioxidant defense system. Serious injuries caused by boats and fishing nets are common in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus); however, these animals do not show signs of serious infections. Evidence suggests an...

Introduction: In recent years has been an increase in emerging and re-emerging viral infectious diseases. Those are a great challenge for public health; one of them is Ebola, a viral hemorrhagic fever. It is natural hosts and carriers are several species of mammals of the order Chiroptera, Primates, Artiodactyla, and Rodentia, and in the southeast...

Efficient communication between the glial cells and neurons is a bi-directional process that is essential for conserving normal functioning in the central nervous system (CNS). Neurons dynamically regulate other brain cells in the healthy brain, yet little is known about the first pathways involving oligodendrocytes and neurons. Oligodendrocytes ar...

Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, demyelinating, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system causing neuroinflammation. Experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) is a model of the disease. MS is classically treated with interferon beta (IFN-β) and glatiramer acetate (GA). Melatonin (MLT) has been reported to modulate immune s...

Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder of mental symptoms and alterations, characterized by presenting abnormal ideas and perceptions, in which the individual loses contact with reality as a result of a complex neuropsychological disorganization, which affects the affective, intellectual and behavioral functioning; as well as inducing a signific...

There is an important relationship between probiotics, psychobiotics and cognitive and behavioral processes, which include neurological, metabolic, hormonal and immunological signaling pathways; the alteration in these systems may cause alterations in behavior (mood) and cognitive level (learning and memory). Psychobiotics have been considered key...

There is an important relationship between probiotics, psychobiotics and cognitive and behavioral processes, which include neurological, metabolic, hormonal and immunological signaling pathways; the alteration in these systems may cause alterations in behavior (mood) and cognitive level (learning and memory). Psychobiotics have been considered key...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, which leads to focal plaques of demyelination and tissue injury in the central nervous system (CNS). Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of MS, promoting tissue damage and demielinization. Current research findings suggest that melatonin has antioxidant a...

The mitochondrial theory of aging suggests that mitochondria have a decrease in production capacity of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The question may seem trivial, but it becomes more complex when considering that dysfunctional mitochondria can be eliminated by lysosomal digestion and that cell with dysfunctional mitochondria can undergo the proces...

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, demyelinating, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system causing neuroinflammation. Experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) is a model of the disease. MS is classically treated with interferon beta (IFN-β) and glatiramer acetate (GA). Melatonin (MLT) has been reported to modulate immune...

Background: Sepsis is characterized by an early systemic inflammation in response to infection. In the brain, inflammation is associated with expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6, among others) that may induce an overproduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The constitu...

Objective: The present study was specifically designed to discern the possible existence of subgroups of patients with the relapsing-remitting form of multiple sclerosis (RRMS) depending on their gender, age, disease stage (relapsing or remitting), time of disease evolution and response to different treatments. Methods: We analyzed samples from...

Multiple sclerosis is the most common cause of progressive neurological disability in young adults. This disease involves damage to the myelin sheath that normally insulates the electrical activity of nerve fibers. This leads to a wide range of symptoms as specific nerves become injured and lose their function. Epidemiological and experimental stud...

Palabras clave: interleucinas, esclerosis múltiple, estrés oxidativo, óxido nítrico y ácidos grasos omega-3. Resumen. La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es la principal causa de discapaci-dad neurológica de origen no traumático en adultos jóvenes. EM es una enfer-medad crónica inflamatoria que se caracteriza por daño a las fibras nerviosas y la cubierta d...

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) is an ubiquitous enzyme which plays an important role in arsenic (As) detoxification. As is a toxic metalloid present in air, soil and water; is abundant in the environment and is readily transferred along the trophic chain, being found even in human breast milk. Milk is the main nutrient source for the growth...

El autismo es un grupo de trastornos caracterizados por déficit de desarrollo, grave, permanente y profundo; en el cual se ve afectada directamente la interacción social, comunicación, planificación, imaginación y reciprocidad emocional. Dentro de los mecanismos involucrados para su desarrollo se ha propuesto el deterioro y/o disfunción de los sist...

El autismo es un grupo de trastornos caracterizados por déficit de desarrollo, grave, permanente y profundo; en el cual se ve afectada directamente la interacción social, comunicación, planificación, imaginación y reciprocidad emocional. Dentro de los mecanismos involucrados para su desarrollo se ha propuesto el deterioro y/o disfunción de los sist...

Autism is a group of disorders characterized by developmental deficits, severe, permanent and profound; in which directly affected the social interaction, communication, planning, imagination and emotional reciprocity. Among the mechanisms involved in its development has been proposed to be impaired and/or dysfunction of neurotransmitter systems. I...

Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a glycolipid component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria and is an endotoxin implicated in triggering sepsis and septic shock. Sepsis and its sequelae represent a continuum of clinical syndrome encompassing systemic inflammation, coagulopathy, abnormalities of the renal, hepatic, pulmonary, and hematol...

The biological effects and possible mode of actions of anti and pro-inflammatory cytokines on the evolution of sepsis and of its most severe complication, the septic shock, were exposed. These data were analyzed in order to clarify the complex pathogenic mechanisms taking place in animal models of sepsis and human sepsis. This study makes possible...

Introduction: Diabetes is associated with increased lipid peroxidation, quantified as the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). In parallel, the antioxidant defense system (ADS) reacts to diminish the oxidative damage. Objective: To determine the levels of lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in obese t...

INTRODUCTION. The immune system and the peripheral and central nervous system are in constant communication by means of messengers and signalling molecules released, such as cytokines, neuropeptides, neurohormones and neurotransmitters, among others. Seizures are defined as the transitory appearance of signs and symptoms that trigger an abnormally...

A single dose of ruthenium red induces serious functional and structural changes in the liver. However, few data exist with respect to its effects on kidney functionality and oxidative stress status. The time-course of a single intraperitoneal administration of ruthenium red on systemic oxido-reductive status and kidney functionality was assesed in...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibits many of the hallmarks of an inflammatory autoimmune disorder including breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the recruitment of lymphocytes, microglia, and macrophages to lesion sites, the presence of multiple lesions, generally being more pronounced in the brain stem and spinal cord, the predominantly perivas...

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a main component of Gram-negative bacteria endotoxin, is the leading cause of sepsis or endotoxic shock. This condition generates tissue hypoperfusion and leads to a state of acute metabolic-circulatory dysfunction and multiorgan systemic failure which contributes to amplify the inflammatory response and resulting in the r...

The central nervous system is closely linked to the immune system at several levels. The brain parenchyma is separated from the periphery by the blood brain barrier, which under normal conditions prevents the entry of mediators such as activated leukocytes, antibodies, complement factors, and cytokines. The myeloid cell lineage plays a crucial role...

Tryptophan (TRP), which plays an important role in immune system regulation, protein synthesis, serotonin (5-HT) and melatonin production, is a potent endogenous free radical scavenger and antioxidant. The aim of this work was to determine the efficacy of TRP in neuro-inflammation induced by systemic administration of lipopolysacharide (LPS, 20mg/k...

Reporte de caso RESUMEN En estudios epidemiológicos se ha encontrado un mayor riesgo de padecer la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) con la exposición ambiental a factores tales como sustancias derivadas de los procesos industriales, utilización de productos agroquímicos, o vivir en un medio rural. La hipótesis de que ciertos tóxicos ambientales pudiera...

En estudios epidemiológicos se ha encontrado un mayor riesgo de padecer la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) con la exposición ambiental a factores tales como sustancias derivadas de los procesos industriales, utilización de productos agroquímicos, o vivir en un medio rural. La hipótesis de que ciertos tóxicos ambientales pudieran ser el origen de la EP...

Epidemiological data in humans and studies in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) suggest that sporadic forms of the disorder are not strictly genetic in nature but most likely because of combined environmental exposures over the period of the life-span coupled with increased genetic susceptibilities. Exposure to agricultural chemicals such a...

The molecular epidemiology of subtypes and intersubtype recombinants (IRs) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in Mexico has not been characterized fully. Understanding its regional distribution, prevalence, adaptability, viral fitness, pathogenicity, and immunogenicity is decisive for any design of an effective HIV vaccine. The aim of t...

Constant environmental conditions can lead to changes in the synthesis of melatonin. In vitro studies have shown that this hormone modulates the efficiency of mitochondrial respiration. Therefore, this work examined whether the efficiency of mitochondrial respiration changes in rats that have been subjected to constant illumination or darkness...

Tryptophan (TRP), the precursor of the scavenger or immunomodulator molecules melatonin (MLT) and picolinic acid, can be found in the diet; and could be an alternative nutritional supplement used to regulate the immune response in the generation of free radicals. In an experimental model, the systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to...

To determine if civil status acts as a risk factor in suicide and how it modifies according to gender, age and population size. A retrospective study which analyzes information from the mortality data from the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Information, from 1998 to 2002. Variables like suicides age, sex, cause of death, federal en...

Caustic ingestion is one of the most life-threatening events in the pediatric age group, which requires the immediate management and subsequent treatment of its most significant complication, i.e. alterations in esophageal structure. We investigated whether melatonin could reduce the esophageal burn damage induced by sodium hydroxide. It was assume...

The ultrastructure of the Atlantic Bottlenose dolphin Harderian gland (HG) has been described but some questions remain unanswered. The purpose of this work was to define the gland's structure, ultrastructure and the differences between cells (types I and II) of the male dolphin using optic, fluorescence and electron transmission microscopy. Three...

The ultrastructure of the Atlantic Bottlenose dolphin Harderian gland (HG) has been described but some questions remain unanswered. The purpose of this work was to define the gland's structure, ultrastructure and the differences between cells (types I and II) of the male dolphin using optic, fluorescence and electron transmission microscopy. Three...

It has been demonstrated that high concentrations of monosodium glutamate in the central nervous system induce neuronal necrosis and damage in retina and circumventricular organs. In this model, the monosodium glutamate is used to induce an epileptic state; one that requires highly concentrated doses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the t...

Bidirectional dependence exists between the immune and neuroendocrine systems, with common chemical messengers, such as melatonin (MLT), having immunoregulatory functions in some mechanisms of endotoxic shock. We used 10 – 12-week-old female Balb/c mice, with an average weight of 22 – 24 g, maintained under a 12 h light – dark cycle. The LD100 of l...

Bidirectional dependence exists between the immune and neuroendocrine systems, with common chemical messengers, such as melatonin (MLT), having immunoregulatory functions in some mechanisms of endotoxic shock. We used 10 – 12-week-old female Balb/c mice, with an average weight of 22 – 24 g, maintained under a 12 h light – dark cycle. The LD100 of l...

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a neurotoxin that induces Parkinsonism in humans, monkeys, and mice and oxidative stress in mammalian cells and tissues. In the present study, the relationship between the generation of lipid peroxidation products and DNA damage was studied in mice treated with MPTP. The frequency of micronucle...

The purpose of this study was to compare the natural fluorescence in the Harderian glands of the Syrian hamster, rat, mouse, Mongolian gerbil and guinea pig (both sexes). For each species, 10 animals (five males and five females) were used. Histological autofluorescence studies were performed using a fluorescence microscope (450-490 nm filter). Two...

The ability of melatonin to influence paraquat-induced genotoxicity was tested using micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes as an index of damage in both bone marrow and peripheral blood cells of mice. Melatonin (10 mg/kg) or an equal volume of saline were administered intraperitoneally (ip) to mice 30 min prior to an ip injection of paraquat (2...

The ability of melatonin to influence paraquat-induced genotoxicity was tested using micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes as an index of damage in both bone marrow and peripheral blood cells of mice. Melatonin (10 mg/kg) or an equal volume of saline were administered intraperitoneally (ip) to mice 30 min prior to an ip injection of paraquat (2...

Melatonin is a free radical scavenger and antioxidant. This indol is reported to efficiently scavenge both hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals and it also reduces both in vitro and in vivo tissue damage due to oxidants which generate oxygen toxic radicals. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration induces oxidative damage in various tissues mainly due to i...

The noncompetitive NMDA antagonists phencyclidine (PCP) and dizocilpine (MK-801) have been considered for use as neuroprotective therapeutic agents, although both produce injury in neurons of cingulate and retrosplenial cortices in rodents. The low-affinity, noncompetitive NMDA antagonist dextrorphan has been considered for use as a neuroprotective...