Osamu Katai

Kyoto University | Kyodai · Department of Systems Science

Focusing on the interaction among members' attitudes toward issues of common concern and members' expectance toward other members' attitudes, type classification of societal conflicts and their degree of strength are clarified. For the purpose, a vigorous theoretical framework for the examination of interrelationships among various normative concep...

This paper proposes a logical framework that visualizes worker's system awareness. Generally, this awareness is difficult to compile in a educational book, and is seldom communicated in verbally. To show broad utility of system awareness, we need to show workers' conceptual structure of system operating. We firstly carry out a work analysis of grap...

This paper proposes a method for automatic design of the sensory morphology of a mobile robot. The proposed method employs two types of adaptations, ontogenetic and phylogenetic, to optimize the sensory morphology of the robot. In ontogenetic adaptation, reinforcement learning searches for the optimal policy, which is highly dependent on the sensor...

This paper proposes deep and fundamental structures of communication among persons in a “coexistential” setting. The basic framework for this formalization of communication structures is Leibnizian notions of space and time together with the notion of the Existential Graph by C. S. Peirce and that of the Petri net, more precisely, the occurrence ne...

In this paper, we report the case of an Inclusive Design workshop. Inclusive Design is a design method that includes elderly and disabled people not only in interviews, but also in the upstream design process such as basic design and survey analysis. In the workshop, participants designed scientific educational materials that visually impaired and...

In face-to-face communication, we mainly use the sound of our voice. Sound has many roles. For example, it transmit information as language, the emotion, the personality of the vocalizers, and so on. Therefor voice disorders cause much trouble in communicating with others. The people suffering from voice disorders use voice synthesizers, but they a...

Even though artifacts continue to improve, they are causing some problems from the viewpoint of human-machine systems. To satisfy interactions between artifacts and users, designing a humaninterface is crucial. In the research field of humaninterfaces, researchers have developed convenient artifacts. This report defines "convenient" for situations...

This research pays attention to visually handicapped person’s touching action. It develops the information security robot vision system based on the uneven distribution level in the minion orbit. This system secures information analyzing visually handicapped person’s minion orbit based on the image processing. The scene consists of the visually han...

Although the tools of today are developed to be convenient, they do not always satisfy people. Tools sometimes evoke negative feelings in people such that they get tired of using them. In consideration of this fact, to create guidelines for designing tools to make human life richer, this paper focuses on the relationship between the ldquobenefit of...

The influence of text information, known as “telops,” on the viewers of television programs is discussed. In recent television programs, textual information, i.e., captions and subtitles, is abundant. Production of a television program is facilitated by using telops, and therefore, the main reason for using this information is the producers’ conven...

This paper presents a novel preprocessing method based on mathematical morphology techniques to improve the subsequent thresholding quality of raw degraded word images. The raw degraded word images contain undesirable shapes called critical shadows on the background that cause noise in binary images. This noise constitutes obstacles to posterior se...

In this paper, we propose a novel medium for interactions based on an interpersonal psychological approach referred to as ‘naïve psychology’. We adopt the visual assessment of clustering tendency (VAT) to naïve psychology for the visual understanding of other people. The VAT algorithm produces a visual display that can be used to assess clustering...

The word “serendipity,” introduced to scientific fields by R. K. Merton makes discoveries by accidents and sagacity and has long life since the eighteenth century. Its power was experimentally studied for education in scientific observations by R. S. Lenox. In this paper, in a simple model we analyzed the power of serendipity with two important fac...

Mobility training uses a white cane for the blind or the visually impaired. Such training, which enhances their own walking ability, is different from an approach that enables them to walk with mechanical equipment. During training, one trainee has one particular trainer, and they work together. After the training, however, trainee anxiousness tend...

In this paper, we propose a method for “touching a landscape in a photograph.” In concrete terms, it is an image processing to simplify images and making images tactile by a stereo copying machine. How much we simplify images depends on subject’s groping strategy. Experiments are carried about three images which they are different in their complex...

This paper proposes a method that automatically designs the sensory morphology of a mobile robot. The proposed method employs two types of adaptations -ontogenetic and phylogenetic- to optimize the sensory morphology of the robot. In ontogenetic adaptation, reinforcement learning searches for the optimal policy which is highly dependent on the sens...

Recent developments in the field of Evolutionary Computation have led to a renewed interest in its real-world applications on wide variety of application domains. This paper attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances of Evolutionary Computation studies. First, we describe the basic mechanisms of Evolutionary Computation. Moreov...

This paper proposes a mathematical framework that visualizes understanding process of rhetoric that is used for musical interpretation. This rhetoric play a role in loosely constrain-ting the implicit notion and leads a way for the interpretation. We firstly state the semantic structure of the rhetoric representations' handling process. Based on it...

This research pays attention to visually handicapped person's touching action. It develops the information security robot vision system based on the uneven distribution level in the hand orbit. This system secures information analyzing visually handicapped person's hand orbit based on the image processing. The scene consists of the visually handica...

Fields are full of accidental events thus sometimes necessitate our improvisational acts and commitment. This paper introduces a novel approach for treating information and events in fields by incorporating the notion of rhizome of events. Also, the stacked structures of the environments in treating information and knowledge are introduced and disc...

This paper proposes a method for encoding discrete systems together with their tasks into an extended Petri net. The main feature of this method is the interpretation of tasks, which are first described by modal logic formulae, into what we call “task unit graphs” that can be naturally combined with a Petri net. The combination of a normal Petri ne...

This paper proposes a novel strategy of designing play equipments. The strategy introduces two loose constraints as a guideline for designers. The first constraint is “describing unit of play action chain_ based on Barthes_ semiology, and the second is the infomorphism between designer, play equipment, and players based on channel theory. We provid...

This paper proposes a framework for analyzing the relationships between human recognition and the ecological aspects of physical space, aiming to support conflict management of architectural designs. Our framework employs novel fuzzy sets: the Constraint-Interval Fuzzy Set (CoIFS) [1], which visualizes roles of architectural spaces from the viewpoi...

Interior arrangements influence inhabitant behavior and the usage of the room. This paper proposes a framework that encourages designer-inhabitant communication in case of interior arrangement. From an ecological point of view, interior arrangement and basic actions such as standing, walking, or sitting effect each other. According to our perceptio...

This paper presents a novel way of deep communication with the use of "slow information" which affects the whole structure of the co-existential entities constituting a problem in hand. We focus our attentions to the distinction between "natural systems" and "artificial systems". We then focus on the two basic force (power) that constructs or destr...

We propose a novel concept toward interfaces that can provide visually impaired persons with the opportunity to recover the freedom to conceptualize their environment without depending on conventional voice synthesizer systems. Fourteen subjects participated in ten experiments to provide results that evaluated their performances to conceptualize sp...

A framework for “improvisational” social acts and communication is introduced by referring to the idea of “relationalism” such as natural farming, permaculture and deep ecology. Based on this conception, the notion of Existential Graph by C. S. Peirce is introduced. The notion of extended self in deep ecology is substantiated based on the Roy Adapt...

Validation is an important issue in Agent-Based Modeling (ABM). Unfortunately, although indispensable, it is not a common practice in the community. The main reason is that there are no established validation procedures. In our previous work, we proposed the cross-element validation as a validation process that consists of detecting, analyzing and...

This is a case of running inclusive design workshops. Communication in an inclusive design workshop is not intercultural colla- boration itself. However, as designers, engineers, and users who have individual needs, such as aged and disabled people, gather in the workshop, participants may become aware of differences in individual creation of meani...

We propose an approach for enhancing the spatial conceptualization performance by subjects traveling along different types of virtual tracks in experiments via virtual 3D acoustic space system. Subjects in a navigation task must perceive alterations on aural surfaces before categorizing these virtual tracks. We adopted natural-sounding tones as com...

The original publication is available at JAIST Press http://www.jaist.ac.jp/library/jaist-press/index.html KICSS 2007 : The Second International Conference on Knowledge, Information and Creativity Support Systems : PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE, November 5-7, 2007, [Ishikawa High-Tech Conference Center, Nomi, Ishikawa, JAPAN] The word "serendipity"...

This paper proposes a multi-agent simulation for examining iterated "proposal-voting process" by a relatively small community. Decision-making that can be modeled as "iterated proposal-voting process" is frequently observed, especially in small communities such as families and groups of close friends. In this case, the results do not always integra...

This paper proposes a method that incrementally develops the "body schema" of a robot. The method has three features: 1) estimation of light-sensor positions based on the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of signals and multidimensional scaling (MDS); 2) incremental update of the estimation; and 3) no additional equipment. We carried out simulation...

Through a model simulation of the card game Barnga, it was shown that ABM can complement GS. ABM provides a new tool for expanding analysis of GS from different angles and viewpoints, and overcoming the difficulties of GS for what-if analysis. Through ABM implementation of the game, key points on how humans learn could be explored. Implementation o...

We propose a system model based on Channel Theory to participate in discussions about modeling systems that involve diversity and the context-dependencies of the behavior of their constituent factors. The traditional "royal road" to system models assumes that systems can be closed and that diversity and context-dependency should be eliminated, but...

In this paper, we are concerned with organizational learning in the multiagents systems. As an example for the organizational problem solving process, we will take the task allocation process. The process always enhances the performance of organization, however it is difficult for designers to make the process suitable for the organization and its...

Multi-agent reinforcement learning features many problems, one of these being state-space explosion based on combinations of policies that each agent has. Generally, if agents can share their policies, they can effectively search their enormous state space; that, however, simultaneously produces a risk of local optimality. Hence we propose a novel...

Based on the comparison of artificial systems with natural systems to elucidate the differences of their characteristics, we will propose a framework of a double-layered architecture of a problem solving system for constraint satisfaction problems, where the upper layer has characteristics corresponding to the artificial systems and the lower layer...

This chapter presents a morphological approach (AutoS) for automatic segmentation with feature vector extraction of seriously degraded machine-printed character images. This approach consists of four modules. The first detects and segments natural pitch characters based on the vertical projection of their binary images. The second uses an algorithm...

This chapter presents a morphological approach (AutoS) for automatic segmentation with feature vector extraction of seriously degraded machine-printed character images. This approach consists of four modules. The first detects and segments natural pitch characters based on the vertical projection of their binary images. The second uses an algorithm...

This paper proposes a system that automatically designs the sensory morphology of an autonomous robot. This system uses two kinds of adaptation, ontogenetic adaptation and phylogenetic adaptation, to optimize the sensory morphology of the robot, in ontogenetic adaptation, individuals with many different sensory morphologies use reinforcement learni...

This work proposes a novel adaptive approach for character segmentation and feature vector extraction from seriously degraded images. An algorithm based on the histogram automatically detects fragments and merges these fragments before segmenting the fragmented characters. A morphological thickening algorithm automatically locates reference lines f...

Learning Classifier Systems (LCSs) are rule-based systems whose rules are named classifiers. The original LCS was introduced by Holland [1, 2], and was intended to be a framework to study learning in condition-action rules. It included the distinctive features of a generalization mechanism in rule conditions and a rule discovery mechanism using gen...

We investigated the use of human relationships on the web for information navigation paths. We propose a new information navigation method that uses personal names. It automatically extracts the human relationships of key people by analyzing the co-occurences of personal names on a web page from search results that are relevant to a specific topic...

A Learning Classifier System (LCS) is state-action rule-based system

To evaluate a real-valued XCS classifier system, we present a validation of Wilson’s XCSR from two points of view. These are: (1) sensitivity of real-valued XCS specific parameters on performance and (2) the design of classifier representation with classifier operators such as mutation and covering. We also propose model with another classifier rep...

These days, web access is essential for our daily lives, and many communities are formed by the exchange of information. We propose a method for discovering web communities by using personal names. It extracts personal names fromsearch results that are relevant to a speci fic topic and finds appropriate web communities by analyzing the bipartite gr...

In this paper we propose "sound visualization" which provides a learning process for listeners considered as perceptual systems to perceive "character-related" sounds in a virtual 3D acoustic space. "Character-related" sound represents the most appropriate sound event to be perceived ("read") even by the visually impaired. The test data (characters...

This paper proposes a way to evaluate the ability of exchanging goods and/or services via community currencies by introducing a method to analyze the reciprocity of commu-nities based on a fuzzy network analysis. These currencies are expected to reinforce vari-ous social communities that face difficulties due to the attenuation of human relation, a...

In nonverbal communication such visual tools as signs and pictograms are widely used to help others understand, they should be designed based on shared concepts. For this purpose, we propose a framework for exploring such concepts by putting them in a topology space based on mathematical morphology and modal logic. This method helps us to clarify h...

This paper outlines new facilities within ubiquitous human media spaces supporting embodied interaction between humans and computation both socially and physically. We believe that the current approach to developing electronic based design environments is lacking with regard to support for multi-person multi-modal design interactions. In this paper...

To support "caring interaction" based on sandplay therapy and narrative therapy, mixed reality for sandplay therapy is introduced. Mixed reality enables us to express ourselves more effectively by sandplay, which reflects various discrepancies of a client's socially-induced self-image, which is sometimes referred to as the "dominant story" in narra...

We present a novel adaptive method to improve the binarization quality of degraded word color images. The objective of this work is to solve a nonlinear problem concerning the binarization quality, that is, to achieve edge enhancement and noise reduction in images. The digitized data used in this work were extracted automatically from real world ph...

We introduce a novel notion of flow of information, "slow information," which is defined as the flow causing structural changes to a spatio-temporal structure, the Tapestry of Space and Time, of persons or a society. This definition is based on the Leibnizian conception of Space and Time, which contrasts with the common conception: the Newtonian co...

Estimation of Bayesian network algorithms, which adopt Bayesian networks as the probabilistic model were one of the most sophisticated algorithms in the estimation of distribution algorithms. However the estimation of Bayesian network is key topic of this algorithm, conventional EBNAs adopt greedy searches to search for better network structures. I...

We propose a "probabilistically and dynamically-separating genetic algorithm (pDS-GA)" that is applied to a multi-agent system (MAS). The proposed pDS-GA holds two advantages over a conventional DS-GA: (1) evolution of cooperation can be realized without using a gene network. Therefore, the communication cost between agents as well as the calculati...

This paper presents a new organization model that addresses the effects of networks on the sectionalism phenomenon, defined as excessive concern that members of a section have for the interests of their own section. No studies tackled the relationship between human communication networks and sectionalism. The points of our model design are: network...

Animal species have adapted their morphology (the placement of sensors and actuators, specific charac-teristics, etc.) to their ecological niche. However, so far very little is known about the relationship between the morphology of an evolutionary system such as self-organizing robot and its adaptive behavior in the environment. In this paper we in...

As a first step toward an analysis of the capabilities of adaptive systems, including learning and evolution, we focus on the Learning Classifier System (LCS) and compare it with Reinforcement Learning (RL) that adopts the Function Approximation (FA) method. An analysis of this comparison found an equivalence of learning processes between both the...

By employing some modalities as bases for modeling business processes, the present paper shows that a conventional way of analyzing Petri nets also turns out to be a method for specifying the novelty of business processes. This novelty is translated into terms of modal logics. Most conventional methods for modeling business processes represent “str...

We have studied a string rewriting system to improve the basic design of Tierra. Our system has three features. First, the Tierra instruction set is converted into a set of string rewriting rules using regular expressions. Second, every agent is composed of a string as the genome and a set of string rewriting rules as its own instruction set. Third...

We present an analysis on state space segmentation for the learning classifier system (LCS). An LCS model is proposed that can segment input state space into variable granularity. A preliminary experiment on a real-valued 6-multiplexor problem is conducted which result revealed that small granularity of segmentation affects the size of the classifi...

Agent-based models (ABMs) have been attracting the attention of researchers in the social sciences, becoming a prominent paradigm in the study of complex social systems. Although a great number of models have been proposed for studying a variety of social phenomena, no general agent design methodology is available. Moreover, it is difficult to vali...

Generally, ecological approaches toward obstacle avoidance employ "optic flow" as visual information. However, it is difficult to apply those approaches to navigations of a robot in the "real world", since optic flow is obtained through a complex image processing. In this paper, we proposed a method based on brightness differentials which are obtai...

We focus on a multi-agent learning where plural agents acquire different specialties to achieve the system goal. This allows the system to solve the deadlock or malfunction problem where agents cannot realize the system goal due to a lack of coordination among the sub-goals pursued by the agents. To this end, this paper proposes an algorithm based...

Experimental results with an alternating-offers bargaining model with agents that evolve strategies are described. Considerations are made on the relation between the distinct time preferences and the emergence of morality, in the form of convergence to fairer bargaining outcomes.

Researches of design processes are now flourishing because the scales of the systems become bigger and bigger, and the most remarkable point of this is that the work of designing takes the form of concurrent and collaborative, namely, "co-creative" manner. The present pa-per proposes a framework for representing and collaborative design processes b...

We develop a string rewriting system based on an Artificial Life (AL) system and investigate the automatic improvement of AL design. The system consists of character set and a set of string rewriting rules equivalent to Tierra instruction set. Each individual in the system is composed of a string as the genome and a rewriting rule set, and replicat...

A method of artifact fusion is proposed based on the interactions among physical causalities. Imaging some relevant design examples is beneficial for designing artifacts. It involves however some risks to fall into a trap the so-call “mental inatea”. To bring out a special feature of each design example, designers should not be caught up by its str...

The huge number of simulation models available in different scientific communities shows the prominent role that simulations are playing in the study of complex social systems. However, model validation is not an established practice among communities, but it is indispensable for assuring reliable models and results when studying a certain social p...

The emergence of fair divisions in a repeated bargaining game is investigated in a computational model. Individuals of human societies often appeal to some norm of fairness in situations where an agreement over the division of a surplus is required. The employed framework consists of players alternating offers that describe possible ways to share a...

Various novel notions such as model design and autoprescriptive sets are introduced to extend our conceptualization of life systems as multibody symbiotic architectural modules. Also, a new paradigm of culatural anthropology called a “multimodal framework” (MMF), introduced by G. Samuel, is incorporated in our architecture. Modal design is used to...

A method for verifying operationality of artifacts is proposed focusing on interaction between artifacts and operator. We have already proposed a model for representing artifacts in which the close interactions among "states and operations", "designer's intention" and "physical phenomenal' are represented. The interaction results in a network repre...

When we control complex human-machine systems, we need interfaces through which we can control and operate the systems easily. In this paper, we introduce "Ecological Interface Design (EID)" and "Intrinsic Metrics" to navigate mobile agents, and try to design an interface. We confirm our conception that the interface makes some task easier than con...

. A decision tree is considered to be appropriate (1) if the tree can classify the unseen data accurately, and (2) if the size of the tree is small. One of the approaches to induce such a good decision tree is to add new attributes and their values to enhance the expressiveness of the training data at the data pre-processing stage. There are many e...

In this paper, we will propose a novel framework of hybridization of Coevolutionary Genetic Algorithm and Machine Learning. The Coevolutionary Genetic Algorithm (CGA) which has already been proposed by Handa et al. consists of two GA populations: the first GA (H-GA) population searches for the solutions in given problems, and the second GA (P-GA) p...

In this paper, an ontological analysis of operations and physical causal relations in artifacts is done, which is particularly beneficial for modeling interactive artifacts. Recently, human-centered design methods have been receiving attentions. We will introduce what we call “Interactive Artifacts” which are designed for promoting appropriate inte...

This paper proposes a method of substitutive experience by virtual reality techiniques for supporting Universal Design of artifacts. First, we assume that human judgements can be described by a collection of “fuzzy sets” (fuzzy labels) and then propose a method of utilizing these fuzzy labels on physical characteristics and/or physical quantities o...

In this paper, we will propose a conceptual design support system based on the notion of the universal design by using a model for representing artifacts which focuses on operational structure. We have already proposed a hierarchical model for representing interactive artifacts involving “intentions”, “operations and states” and “physical phenomena...

For supporting functional design process by using computer, one of the promising way is to utilize knowledge or tips on design. One practical way for supporting functional design is to facilitate designers to refer to well-organized and sophisticated knowledge-bases of inventive principles and of physical effects. Designers are, however, required t...

A framework of “caringin teraction” via network model representation of client’s concepts on a Nursing Theory and Naive Psychological approaches is introduced. The main gist in this research is a sophisticated network organization of various messages from clients and pieces of knowledge in the related field some of which may be issued from the pers...

We introduce the notions of decentralized system structure of multiagent systems, their behavioral and structural correctness, and centralized and decentralized control for attaining correct behavior, and also that of decentralized controllability which are then examined based on modal logical analysis of system behavior and Petri net representatio...

The emergence of agents that play fair strategies is investigated in a simple bargaining model. The strategies played by the agents are constructed by evolutionary algorithms. Agents make offers to each other describing possible ways to share a certain commodity, until an offer is accepted. Finite-horizon bargaining models give an advantage to the...

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